09-15-2021-2257 - 3190/1-2,3

 09-15-2021-2257 - 3190/1-2,3

09-15-2021-2100 - VSOPGK [male], VXLIF [female] [hp(bd)zt]- 10 - Germanic Given Name - Gottfrid, Gragrey, Grigory, Grimwald, Kriemhild, Kros, Crosmuat, Gotfrid, Godscalc, Gothard, Gotwald, Günther, Gundar, Guntar, Sigith, Gomaleih [gud v. got] Osterlant Vulfland Sveinlaug VSOPGK, Godrics Marburg godric thane Degenhard, Degericus; Deitdegen, Edildegan, Drûtdegan, Heridegan, Swertdegan, Volcdegenþryþ, Hengest

Germanic given names are traditionally dithematic; that is, they are formed from two elements, by joining a prefix and a suffix. For example, King Æþelred's name was derived from æþele, for "noble", and ræd, for "counsel".

gifu; geb, gibgiftGibbold, Gibborga, Gibitrudis, Giffrid, Gebhard, Gebaheri, Gibohildis, Gebahoh, Gebalinda, Geberad, Geberic, Gebawin, Gibulf; Ælgifu/Ælfgifu, Ælthelgifu/Eadgifu, Godgyfu/Godiva, Ottogeba, Thialgif, Willigiphypocorisms Gabilo, Gibilin, Gebi, Gabo, Gibicho, etc.gisil, gisel hostage, pledgeGiselbert, Giselric, Giselhard; GiselbergaHypocorism Gisela, cf. GiselleglisgleamGlismot, Glisnotgod,

 got god; goodGodfrid/Godfrey, Godscalc, Gothard, GotwaldIn most cases, the etymologies guda "deus" and goda "bonus" cannot be distinguished with certainty, while in older continental names this is often an alternative form of Gund 

graus horror, terrorCrosmuat (8th century), Grausolph (9th century)simplex Grauso, Chroso, Cros, Kros, etc.;graw, gragreyGraobart, Grahilt (8th century), Graman (8th century), Graulf (8th century)grimhelmet, maskGrimwald, Grimoald, Grimhild/Krimhild/Kriemhild; Isegrim/IsengrimgumamanGomadrudis, Gomoharius, Gomahilt, Gomaleih, Gomlinda, Gumemar, Gumarich, Gumesind, Gumoalt, Gomolf

*gunþ-; gund, gud, gyþ, gyðbattle, warGünther/Gunther/Gunter/Guntar/Gundar, Gundoald, Gundulf, Gunnhild, Gudrun; Eadgyð, Ealdgyð/Edith, Fredegund/Frithugyth, Sigith/Sigita, Hildegund/Hildegunn, Rigunthhag, hagan; hah?Hagibert, Hagihar, Hachirat, Hagoald, Hagiwolf; Hahger, Hahmund, Hahwart, HaholfAttested from the 7th century in forms such as Hago,  Chainoetc. From an early time conflated with names in Ag-, Agin-. See also Haguna.haid, heitrank, stateHaidrich, Heidfolc, Chaideruna; Adelaide etc.Extremely frequent as second element in feminine names (83 listed by Förstemann), apparently due to early confusion with similar words for heath.hail, heil; hailagwhole, healthyHailbert, Hailun, Hailburch, Hailtruda, Heilan, Heilmunt, Hailrat, Hailwin; Halagmund, Halegred, ; Rihheil, SarahailoHailo, Halicho (8th century); conflated with the elements agiland hal.*haim-; OHG haim, heim, AS hæmhomeHenry/Heinrich, Heimwarthypocorism Haimohaist, heistfurious, violent(?)Haisthilt, Haistulf, Hailunc.f. Old English hæst; also compared with the tribal name of the Aesti.hamarhammerHamerard, Hamarolf, HamarbertRare; limited to a handful of names of the 8th century.handhand(?)Hantbert, Hantker, Handegis, Hantwin, HandolfRare, 8th and 9th centuries.harcaltar(?)Harcmot, Hercrat, Harchellindis (f.), Horcholtrare, 9th and 10th centuries; c.f. the entries under ercan.hard, heardbrave, hardyHartman, Hartmut (etc.); Æthelhard, Richard, Gerhard, Gotthard, Bernard/Bernhard (etc.)Very frequent, recorded from as early as the 3rd century.*hari, herarmyDiether, Luther, Hereweald/Harold, Herbert, Herleif, Herman/Arminius, Ariovistus, Ariouualdushypocorism Harry, Walther; Heri(?). Very frequent, Förstemann lists 289 names with -hari as second element. As first element recorded as early as the 1st century (in Chariovalda), or possibly in the 1st century BC (Negau helmetB, Harigasti)hath, had, hada, hadubattle, combatHadubrand, Hadufuns, Hedwig; Rihhad, Willihad, Wolfhad, VunnihadFrequent, from the 6th century, formally indistinguishable from haid.hedan, haidanheathen, paganHedenold, Hedenulf ; Wolfhetanrare; 7th to 9th centuries.helmprotectorHelmut, Helmdrud, Helmfrid; Diethelm, Ealhhelm, Anselm, Cwichelm, Nothhelm, Wilhelm/WilliamHypocorism Helmo. Comparatively frequent from the 6th century.heah, hochhighHeaberht, Hámundrcf. Huoching/Hakihild-warActohildis, Berhildis, Branthildis, Farohildis, Ermenhild/Imelda, Gauthildis/Gauthildr, Gerhild, Gibohildis, Grimhild/Krimhild/Kriemhild, Gunnhild, Matilda, Judelhildis, Landohildis, Nanthild, Richilda, Wanthildis; Childebert, Hildebrand, Hildegard, Hildegund/Hildegunn (etc.)One of the most frequently used stems both as prefix and as suffix, attested since the 3rd century. Among the Franks its use especially for feminine names is "almost excessive" according to Förstemann, who counts 281 names with this suffix, of which only four are masculine. Hypocorism Hilda.hilp, helpaid, help—Chilperic, Helpoald, Helpuin, Helpwolfrare; Chilperic is from the 5th century, other names with this element occur only in the 8th and 9th centuries.*heltą, hilt, hilz, helzhilt—^[19]Hilcekin, Helzuni, Helzoltrare; 8th to 11th centurieshimilheavenHimildrud, Himilger, Himilradrare, 8th to 10th centuries.hir-swordHiring, Hiribert, Hirburc, Hiriger, Hiriward9th century; Gothic hairus, Anglo-Saxon heoro- "sword", also in the tribal name of the Cherusci.hiruz, hiriz, herzhart, stagHirizpero, Herzrad(?); dim. HirzulararehleoprotectionHleoperht, Hlevagastirhlud, hlodafameHlothhere, Chlodwig/Ludwig/Louis, Ludolf, Lothar/Chlothar/Lothaire, Chlodomir; Chlodoswinthahog, huogdexterous, nimble(?)Huogobert, Huoging, Huogulf, Hogoholcrafty, devious(?)Holebert, Holomot, Holemund, Holosinthord, horthoard, treasureHortbert, Horthari, Hordold, Hordward, Horduin, Hordolfhraban, hramravenBertram, Wolframfrequent in the 7th to 9th centuries; surely from the ravens of Wodanaz originally (as was wulf-). Förestemann counts 125 masculine and 15 feminine with this suffix. The simplex Hraban (and variants) is recorded from the 6th century. The Gothic name Valarauans if it contains this root would be the oldest record of the element (4th century).hradquick, fast(?)^[20]Hradperaht, Hradpurh, Hradgast, Hrathari, Hradwinhraid, hreidfamous(?)Hreiðmarr, Hreidperaht, Hreidgaer, Hreitolf, Hraidmund/Raymondalso in the name of the Hreiðgoths.hring, ringring(?)^[21]Hringuni, Rhincbold, Ringhelm, Hringweald, HringolfFörstemann 1900:877 suggests that the "ring" element in origin refers to ring-mailhroc, roc?Ferderuchus, Unhroch, Wolfhroc; Rocbert, Hrohhart, Hrocculf, Ruocswint, BerthrocFörstemann 1900:878f. surmises an early conflation of two elements (1) hrauc "roar, bellow, (battle-)cry" and (2) rōc"care, circumspection", and both were further conflated with hrōþ- as first element, and with -rih as second. As a second element since the 5th century. Crocus, the 4th-century king of the Alamanni, presumably had a name formed from this element, as did Rocco bishop of Autun (7th century) and Rocho bishop of Bourges (8th century).hrom, hruom, romglory, fame—Ruombald/Rumbold/Rombout, Rumbert, Ruumker, Hrumheri, Ruomlind, Romuald, Romulfsince the 5th century; hypocorisms Ruom, Roma, Rumo. Förstemann 1900:883*hrōþ-; hruotfameHrothgar/Roger/Rüdiger, Hrodberht/Rupert/Robert, Hrodulf/Rudolph, Roderick, Roland, Rodney, Roald; Adalrod, Fridarut, Hartrod, Liutrod, Sigirod8th century; hypocorisms Chrodius, Hrodo, Hrodio, Hroda; Förstemann 1900:883hug, hygspirit, courage( )Hugibald, Hygelac/Hyglac, Hugubert, Hugibrant, Hucger, Hugilind; Adalhug, Kerhugehunswelling; chip, block; offspring, (bear) cubHunferthus, Humboldt, Hunbeorht/Humbert; Andhun, Berthun; Ælfhunc.f. Hun of East Angliainga godInga, Ingeborg, Inger, Ingvar, Ingrid, Ingemar/Ingmarirm(en), erm(en)strong, wholeEormenred, Ermenrich/Hermeric/Emmerich/Emery/Amerigo; Ermendrud/Ermintrude/Irmtrud, Ermenfrid, Ermengarde/Ermegard/Irmgard, Ermengild/Hermenegild, Ermenhild/Imeldapossibly theophoric, see Irminsul; hypocorisms Irma, Armin, Emmaise(n)ironIsebert/Isebrecht, Isegrim/Isegrimm/Isengrim, Isenhart, IJsbrandIsegrim may in origin have been a kenning for "wolf".jut-a tribal nameJudida, Judinga, Jutcar, Judilidis, Jutrad, Joduin, Judelhildisprobably from the name of the Juthungi or the JutesjungyoungJungarat, Jungericus, Jungulf, Jugenprand8th to 10th century, rare (used more rarely than ald- "old")karl, carl, ceorlmanCarlofred, Carlman; Altcarl, Gundecarlrare; possibly extensions from the simplex.*kōni-; cen, coenfierce, keenConrad/Konrad, Cynric, Coenwulf*kun(n)i-, OHG kuni, chun, also chim, chin, chind; AS cynekingly, noble, kin, offspring, childKunibert, Kunimund, Cynewulf; Kunigunde, Cynegyth, Cynethryth, Cynewulf; Chindasvinth; Adelchind, Drudchind, Widukind, Willekindhypocorism Kuno, Chintila*kunþ-; cuþrenownedCuthbert, Cuthred, Cuthwulfkwik-; cwicalive, livelyCwichelmlaikplay, danceEkkileich, Albleih, Amalleih, Ásleikr/Oslac, Audolecus, Perlaicus, Perahteih, Chinileihc, Dagaleich, Fridileih, Frotalaicus, Folcleih, Gozleih, Gundelaicus, Halulec, Hildelaicus, Hugilaih/Hyglac, Isanleih, Mathlec, Radleic, Sigelac, Wadelaicus, Walalaicho, Waldleich, Werinleih, Widolaic, Willileih, Winileih, Wolfleiga, Zitleichpossibly as first element in Leikert, Leuckart; Laigobertlaif, laf, leibsurvivor, heir()Eggileib, Albleib, Olaf, Oslef, Athulef, Adalleib, Otleib, Berahtleib, Dagalaif, Danleib, Dotleib, Truhtleib, Edilef, Fridaleib, Folkleib, Guntaleiba, Hartleib, Haduleif, Herleif, Hiltileip, Hordleif, Hunleib, Isanleib, Mahtleip, Nordleip, Ortlaip, Ratleib, Reginleib, Richleib, Sileif, Starcleib, Thiotleip, Wiglaf, Wineleib, Wolleip, Wulfleip, Wunnileif, Zehaleip; Leibuni/Leiboin, Leibher, Leibhilt, Leibrat, Leibwartthe probable original meaning "heir of" suggests that this element at first appeared only as second element; it was from an early time it conflated with liub "dear". In Old Norse also used as a simplex, Leifr "heir".laithdangerous, hostileAnsleth, Wolfleit; Leitbraht, Leitfrid, Leither, Leidmuot, Laidarat, Laidoin, Laidulfrarelampfitting(?)Lampert, Lampfridrare, 8th to 10th centurylandlandAcland, Ingaland, Oslant, Osterlant, Auilant, Perelant, Perahtland, Cululant, Thruadland, Frotland, Gerland, Gotlanda, Grimland, Gundoland, Artaland, Hasland, Hiltiland, Hrodlant, Itislant, Inlant, Ermoland/Hermenland, Madoland, Meginland, Odallant, Ratland, Roland, Landon, Gagentland, Ricland, Sigilant, Wariland, Wiclant, Vulfland; Landolin, Landbold, Lambert/Landberta, Landeberga, Lamprand, Lantbodo, Landfrid, Landagar, Landegaus, Landgrim, Landegunda, Lantheida, Landohard, Lanthar, Landohildis, Landerich, Landswinda, Landoald, Landwih, Landuin, Landulflaugbride(?)Alblaug/Alflaug, Adallouc/Aðallaug, Ólaug, Árlaug, Arnlaug, Áslaug, Perahtlouc, Eyðleyg/Edlaug, Droplaug, Dýrlaug, Ellaug, Ercanloug, Fastlaug, FInnlaug, Fridlaug, Grímlaug, Gerlaug, Gundlauc/Gunnlaug, Heiðlaug, Hiltilauc, Hrafnlaug, Íslaug, Jerlaug, Kristlaug, Ratlauga, Róslaug, Sigilouc/Siglaug, Sollaug, Sturlaug, Swanaloug/Svanlaug, Sveinlaug, Týlaugr, Triulaug, Vélaug, Wiglauh/Víglaugr, Þórlaug, Þraslaugonly as a suffix in feminine names; the suffix is presumably from a root *lug "to celebrate marriage; to be dedicated, promised (in marriage)"^[22]lindsoft, mild, alternatively "shield" (made of linden tree) in ON, OHG and OE)()Gislinde, Heidelinde, Rosalint, Ermelind, Kristlind, Melinda, Odelinde, Siglind/Sieglinde, Theodolinda, Þórlindur; Linddís, Lindolf, Lindvald, Lindvardh, Linveigvery frequent as a second element in feminine namesliub, leofdesirable, friendlyLeofric, Leofwine, LeofwynnliutipeopleLiutger/Leodegar, Luther, Lutold; Liutgard, Liutwinmagan, megin; mahtmight, strengthMaganradus/Meinrad; Mathilde, Meinfrida, Meinhardman, mannman, personManfred, Herman, German, Norman*mēri-; mære, mer, mar, mirfamousAdelmar, Chlodomir, Marwig, Miro, Morgan, Filimer/Filimir, Hreiðmarr, Odomir/Otmar/Ottomar/Othmar/Ademar, Dietmar, Agilmar/Ilmar/Elmar, Ricimer, Richimir, Theodemir, Theodemar, Thiudimer, Sigmar, Ingemar/Ingmar, Valamir, Waldemar/Vladimir, Wilmer, Vidimir/Widemir, Wulfmar/WulfomirmundprotectionEdmund, Erlemund, Kunimund, Sigmund, Rechimund, Reginmund/Raymond, Remismund, Normundnoþ, OHG nand^[23]courageNanthild, Nothhelm; Byrhtnoth, Eadnoth, Ferdinand, Folcnand, Wieland/Waylandræðcounsel, wisdomRadegast, Radwig, Radulf; Alfred, Eadred, Conrad, Tancred, Wihtred; Ratberga/RedburgaragincounselRaginald/Reginald/Reynold/Reinhold/Reynhold, Ronald, Reginbert, Reginmund/Raymond; Regintrud, Rægenhere, Ragnar*remez, remispeaceRemisto, Remismundrunrune, secretGudrun, Walarunarīki-; OHG rihhi, AS rīcrulerRigobert, Alaric, Ælfric, Beorthric, Brunric, Theodoric/Dietrich, Friedrich/Frederick, Richard, Richilda, Rechila, Rechiar, Rechimund, Richimir, Rickstan, Eboric, Ulrich, Haidrich/Heidrich, Leofric, Wulfric, Roderick, Sigeric, Sedrick, Cedric, Patrick, Chilperic, Theodoric, Henry/Heinrich, Eric, Godric sax, seaxseax; a tribal nameSexred; Seaxburhsinþ, sind, siþtravel, timeSindolf/Sindulf, Sindram, Sindbald, SindbertSinthgunt as "Sun's sister" in the Merseburg Incantationssig, sigi, sige, siegvictorySigborg/Siborg, Sigebald/Sibbald/Sibold, Sigbod/Sibot, Sigibert, Sibrand, Sigmar, Sigmund, Sighart, Sighelm, Sigher/Siger, Sigrad, Sigeric, Sigtrygg, Sigward/Siward, Sigfrid/Siegfried, Sigith/Sigita, Sigwald/Siwald, Sigulf/Sigewulf; Ælfsige;^[9] Sigelinde/Siglind, Sigtrudpossibly theophoric in origin, in reference to Teiwaz, and later Odin, the god of victory.^[24]Hypocorisms Sigo, Sike, Sikke.stanstoneÆthelstan, Thorsten, Wulfstan, Bertstan, Rickstanalso in simplex Sten, from Scandinavian Steinnswint, swiþstrengthSwithwulf, Swinthibald; Amalaswintha, Ealhswith; Swinthilatankthought, counselTancred/Dancrad, DancmartryggtruthSigtryggValdrruler, leaderRonald, Roaldwand, wandalwander, wendWandefrid, Wandedrudis (f.), Vandebercth (7th century), Wandemar, Wandarich, Wendulf, Wanthildis (f., 9th century); Wandalbold (8th century), Wandalbert (7th-9th centuries), Wandalburgis (f., 10th-11th centuries)in the names of the Vandals, Wends and Aurvandilweald, Waldpower, brightnessWaldemar/Vladimir, Walther; Edwald, Ewald, Frithuwold, Harold, Sigwald/Siwald, Gundoald, Waldwolf/Waldolf/Adolf, Oswald/Ansaldo, Walfrid/Walfriedwarin; weardguardianWarinhari/Wernher/Werner; Brunward, Edward, Sigward; Freawaru, Ælfwaruwihtwight, spiritWihtredwilwill, desireWilhelm/William, Wilmer, Wilfred, Wilbert, Willihad, Willigipwin, wini, wine, wyn(n)friend; joyWinibald, Winimund, Winibert; Ælfwine/Alboin, Alcuin, Aldoin, Baldwin, Darwin, Ecgwine, Edwin/Audoin, Erlwin, Erwin, Gerwin, Goswin, Leofwine, Oswin; Wynflæd; Ælfwynn, Ecgwynn, Brihtwynwigbattle, warWiglaf, Wigbert, Wigheard; Ludwig, Hedwig, Marwigwal(a), wel, wæl battleWieland/Wayland,^[25] Walaman, Walarad, Walerand, Walaruna, Walesinda, Wala-anc, Walahelm, Walaramhypochoristic Wallia, Walica. c.f. Valhalla, Valkyrie, Valföðretc.wod(wad?)furyWodilhilt (f.), Wodalgarta (f.), Wodilbalt (a. 969), Wodalbert (a. 773), Wodelfrid (a. 912), Wodilulf (11th century), Vudamot (a. 821)because of the close association with Wodanaz, these names are rare already in the OHG period, and fall out of use entirely during the High Middle Ages. Some hypocorisms such as Wote (a. 784), Woda (f., 8th century), Wodal (a. 889), Wode, Wodtke, may derive from this element. Wotan is recorded as a given name in the early 9th century.^[26] Association of most of these names with wod "fury" is uncertain, as there are the homophonic but unrelated roots of OHG watan "to wade" and wat "garment".^[27]wid(u), witwood, forestWithhold, Widukindhypocorism Guido, GuywulfwolfAethelwulf/Adolf, Arnulf, Atenulf, Beowulf, Cuthwulf, Cynewulf, Eadwulf, Ealdwulf/Aldwulf, Eardwulf, Ernulf, Gangolf, Gundulf, Pandulf, Swithwulf, Rudolph; Wulfstan, Wolfgang, Wolfram, Wulf (etc.)Especially as second element, -ulf, -olf is extremely common. Förstemann explains this as originally motivated by the wolf as an animal sacred to Wodanaz, but notes that the large number of names indicates that the element had become a meaningless suffix of male names at an early time. Förstemann counts 381 names in  -ulf, -olf, among which only four are feminine. See also Offa (name)

þeod

peopleTheodoric/Dietrich/Derick/Dirk, Detlef, Diether, Diethelm, Theobald, Dietfried, Theudebert, Theodemar; Dietlinde

*þegnaz, degen warrior, thaneDegenhard, Degericus; Deitdegen, Edildegan, Drûtdegan, Heridegan, Swertdegan, Volcdegenþryþ,

OH þrúðr,OE þrȳð,^[28]drut, trud, thrud, thryth

force, strengthDrutmund; Æthelthryth, Osthryth, Cynethryth, Ermintrude, Gertrude, Sæthryth, Waltrud/WaltrautNames with this suffix are feminine only; Þrúðr is a daughter of Thor in Norse mythology. Short form Trudy, Trudiþonar, donar, þór(the god of) thunder(rare)Donarperht (9th century), Donarad (8th century), Þórarin, Þórhall, Þórkell, Þórfinnr, Þórvald, Þórvarðr, Þórgeir, Þórsteinn (9th century), Thunerulf/Þórolf ; Albthonar (8th century)These names appear from the 8th or 9th century; popular in Scandinavia during the 10th to 11th centuries. Förstemann 1199.þurs, Thuris, TurisgiantThusnelda (1st century; presumably for *Thurishilda), Thurismund (6th century), Thurisind (6th century), Turisulfusan archaic element in names of the migration period, extinct during the medieval period. Förstemann 1200.

Monothematic names[edit]

Some medieval Germanic names are attested in simplex form; these names originate as hypocorisms of full dithematic names, but in some cases they entered common usage and were no longer perceived as such.

• Masculine: Aldo (whence English Aldous), Adel, Anso/Anzo/Enzo, Folki/Folke/Fulco, Gero, Helmo/Elmo, Ise/Iso, Kuno, Lanzo, Manno, Odo/Otto, Rocco, Sten, Waldo, Warin, Wido, Wine, Wolf/Wulf
• Feminine: Adele, Alda, Bertha, Emma, Hilda, Ida, Isa, Linda, Oda

Some hypocorisms retain a remnant of their second element, but reduced so that it cannot be identified unambiguously any longer; Curt/Kurt may abbreviate either Conrad or Cunibert. Harry may abbreviate either Harold or Henry.

Other monothematic names originate as surnames (bynames) rather than hypocorisms of old dithematic names; e.g. Old English Æsc "ash tree", Carl "free man" (Charles), Hengest "stallion", Raban "raven" (Rabanus Maurus), Hagano/Hagen "enclosure", Earnest "vigorous, resolute". 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_name

glisgleamGlismot, Glisnot

god, got god; goodGodfrid/Godfrey, Godscalc, Gothard, Gotwald In most cases, the etymologies guda "deus" and goda "bonus" cannot be distinguished with certainty, while in older continental names this is often an alternative form of Gund 

graus horror, terrorCrosmuat (8th century), Grausolph (9th century)simplex Grauso, Chroso, Cros, Kros, etc.;

graw, gragreyGraobart, Grahilt (8th century), Graman (8th century), Graulf (8th century)

grim helmet, maskGrimwald, Grimoald, Grimhild/Krimhild/Kriemhild; Isegrim/IsengrimgumamanGomadrudis, Gomoharius, Gomahilt, Gomaleih, Gomlinda, Gumemar, Gumarich, Gumesind, Gumoalt, Gomolf

*gunþ-; gund, gud, gyþ, gyð battle, warGünther/Gunther/Gunter/Guntar/Gundar, Gundoald, Gundulf, Gunnhild, Gudrun; Eadgyð, Ealdgyð/Edith, Fredegund/Frithugyth, Sigith/Sigita, Hildegund/Hildegunn, Rigunth

god, got

god; good

Godfrid/Godfrey, Godscalc, Gothard, Gotwald

In most cases, the etymologies guda "deus" and goda "bonus" cannot be distinguished with certainty, while in older continental names this is often an alternative form of Gund

gaud, gaut, gaus, got, goz

a tribal name

Gauzebald/Cozpolt/Gausbolda, Gaucibert/Gozperaht, Gauseprand, Gausburgis, Gauttrudis, Caozflat, Gautfred, Gozger, Gauter/Kozheri, Gautastabaz/Göstaf/Gösta/Gustav, Gautshelm, Gauthildis, Gozleih, Gautlindis, Gautrekr, Goswin/Gaudoin, Gaudulf; Algaut, Amalgaud, Ansegaud, Ariugaud, Ostgaus/Aostargaoz, Berengaud, Danegaud, Trutgaud, Ebregaud, Ercangaud, Erlegaud, Faregaud, Gisalgoz, Helmigaud, Hildegaud, Hohgaud, Hungoz, Irmegaus, Ermengaud, Teutgaud, Ulgaud, Waldegaud, Wihgoz, Vuldargoza.

The tribal name of the Geats/Goths. Hypocorisms Gaudo, Gaudila, Gauzilin, Gaudin. These names are popular during the 6th to 11th centuries. The forms in got are difficult to distinguish from the element god "god".

fulc, folc, volc

people, folk

Folcbald, Forlberaht/Volcbert, Fulcdag, Folhker/Folcger, Folchard, Fulchar/Volker, Volkhard, Fikcgzbm Folcleih, Fulclindis, Folcman, Folcmar/Volkmar, Folcnand, Fulcrad, Fulcrich, Folcswind, Fulcuald, Folcward, Folcwin, Fulculf; Heidifolc, Herifolch, Hrodfolc, Ratfolc, Sigifolc, Saelfolc

The Geats (/ɡiːts, ˈɡeɪəts, jæts/ GHEETS, GAY-əts, YATS;^[1][2] Old English: gēatas [ˈjæɑtɑs]; Old Norse: gautar [ˈɡɑu̯tɑr]; Swedish: götar [ˈjø̌ːtar]), sometimes called Goths,^[3] were a large North Germanic tribe who inhabited Götaland ("land of the Geats") in modern southern Sweden from antiquity until the late Middle Ages. They are one of the progenitor groups of modern Swedes, along with Swedes (the tribe) and Gutes. The name of the Geats also lives on in the Swedish provinces of Västergötland and Östergötland, the Western and Eastern lands of the Geats, and in many other toponyms.

The topic of the Geats is surrounded by several controversial issues, such as their inclusion into the medieval Swedish kingdom. How they were related to the Goths has been debated for centuries. There have also been some attempts by scholars to separate the gēatas in Beowulf from the people in mainland Sweden and instead identify it with other Scandinavian tribes, but these have not received much support.

Geatish settlements during the 6th c., within the red lines. The green areas show the main areas of North Germanic settlement in Denmark, Norway and Sweden.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geats

Goths[edit]

Main article: Goths

  traditional Götaland

  the island of Gotland

  Wielbark culture in the early 3rd century

  Chernyakhov culture, in the early 4th century

  Roman Empire at its greatest extent, 117 AD

Geatas was originally Proto-Germanic *Gautoz and Goths and Gutar (Gotlanders) were *Gutaniz. *Gautoz and *Gutaniz are two ablaut grades of a Proto-Germanic word *geutan with the meaning "to pour" (modern Swedish gjuta, modern German giessen). The word comes from an Indo-European root meaning to pour, offer sacrifice.^[30] There were consequently two derivations from the same Proto-Germanic ethnonym.^[31]

It is a long-standing controversy whether the Goths were Geats. Both Old Icelandic and Old English literary sources clearly separate the Geats (Isl. Gautar, OEng Geatas) from the Goths/Gutar (Isl. Gotar, OEng. Gotenas); but the Gothic historian Jordanes wrote that the Goths came originally to Dacia from the island of Scandza. Moreover, he described that on this island there were three tribes called the Gautigoths (cf. Geat/Gaut), the Ostrogoths (cf. the Swedish province of Östergötland) and Vagoths(Gutar?) ‒ this implies that the Geats were Goths rather than vice versa. The word Gothis also a term used by the Romans to describe related, culturally linked tribes like the Tervingi and the Greuthungs, so it may be correct to label Geats as Goths.

Scandinavian burial customs, such as the stone circles (domarringar), which are most common in Götaland and Gotland, and stelae(bautastenar) appeared in what is now northern Poland in the 1st century AD, suggesting an influx of Scandinavians during the formation of the Gothic Wielbark culture.^[32][33] Moreover, in Östergötland, in Sweden, there is a sudden disappearance of villages during this period.^[34] Contemporary accounts beginning in the 4th century further associated these groups with the earlier Getae of Dacia, but this is now disputed.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geats#Goths

Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; also called Common Germanic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages.

Proto-Germanic eventually developed from pre-Proto-Germanic into three Germanic branches during the fifth century BC to fifth century AD: West Germanic, East Germanic and North Germanic, which however remained in contact over a considerable time, especially the Ingvaeonic languages (including English), which arose from West Germanic dialects and remained in continued contact with North Germanic.

A defining feature of Proto-Germanic is the completion of the process described by Grimm's law, a set of sound changes that occurred between its status as a dialect of Proto-Indo-European and its gradual divergence into a separate language. As it is probable that the development of this sound shift spanned a considerable time (several centuries), Proto-Germanic cannot adequately be reconstructed as a simple node in a tree model but rather represents a phase of development that may span close to a thousand years. The end of the Common Germanic period is reached with the beginning of the Migration Period in the fourth century.

The alternative term "Germanic parent language" may be used to include a larger scope of linguistic developments, spanning the Nordic Bronze Age and Pre-Roman Iron Age in Northern Europe (second to first millennia BC) to include "Pre-Germanic" (PreGmc), "Early Proto Germanic" (EPGmc) and "Late Proto-Germanic" (LPGmc).^[1]While Proto-Germanic refers only to the reconstruction of the most recent common ancestor of Germanic languages, the Germanic parent language refers to the entire journey that the dialect of Proto-Indo-European that would become Proto-Germanic underwent through the millennia.

The Proto-Germanic language is not directly attested by any coherent surviving texts; it has been reconstructed using the comparative method. Fragmentary direct attestation exists of (late) Common Germanic in early runic inscriptions (specifically the second-century AD Vimose inscriptions and the second-century BC Negau helmetinscription),^[2] and in Roman Empire era transcriptions of individual words (notably in Tacitus' Germania, c. AD 90^{[note 1]}).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language

In historical linguistics, the Germanic parent language (GPL) includes the reconstructed languages in the Germanic group referred to as Pre-Germanic Indo-European (PreGmc), Early Proto-Germanic (EPGmc), and Late Proto-Germanic (LPGmc), spoken in the 2nd and 1st millennia BC.

The less precise term Germanic, that appears in etymologies, dictionaries, etc., loosely refers to a language spoken in the 1st millennium AD,^{[citation needed]} proposedly at that time developing into the group of Germanic languages—a stricter term for that same proposition, but with an alternative chronography, is Proto-Germanic language. As an identifiable neologism, Germanic parent language appears to have been first used by Frans Van Coetsem in 1994. It also makes appearances in the works of Elzbieta Adamczyk, Jonathan Slocum, and Winfred P. Lehmann.^{[citation needed]}

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_parent_language}

Neutralizing environments[edit]

One issue in internal reconstruction is neutralizing environments, which can be an obstacle to historically correct analysis. Consider the following forms from Spanish, spelled phonemically rather than orthographically:

Infinitive		Third person singular
bolbér	(re)turn	buélbe
probár	test	pruéba
dormír	sleep	duérme
morír	die	muére
ponér	place	póne
doblár	fold	dóbla
goθár	enjoy	góθa
korrér	run	kórre

One pattern of inflection shows alternation between /o/ and /ue/; the other type has /o/ throughout. Since those lexical items are all basic, not technical, high-register or obvious borrowings, their behavior is likely to be a matter of inheritance from an earlier system, rather than the result of some native pattern overlaid by a borrowed one. (An example of such an overlay would be the non-alternating English privative prefix un- compared to the alternating privative prefix in borrowed Latinate forms, in-, im, ir-, il-.)

One might guess that the difference between the two sets can be explained by two different native markers of the third-person singular, but a basic principle of linguistic analysis is that one cannot and should not try to analyze data that one does not have. Also, positing such a history violates the principle of parsimony (Occam's Razor) by unnecessarily adding a complication to the analysis whose chief result is to restate the observed data as a sort of historical fact.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_reconstruction

The Onomastics of the Gothic language (Gothic personal names) is an important source not only for the history of the Gothsthemselves, but for Germanic onomastics in general and the linguistic and cultural history of the Germanic Heroic Age of c. the 3rd to 6th centuries. Gothic names can be found in Roman records as far back as the 4th century AD. After the Muslim invasion of Hispania and the fall of the Visigothic kingdom in the early 8th century, the Gothic tradition was largely interrupted, although Gothic or pseudo-Gothic names continued to be given in the Kingdom of Asturias in the 9th and 10th centuries.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_name

Scythia (UK: /ˈsɪðiə/, US: /ˈsɪθiə/;^[2] from Greek: Σκυθική, romanized:Skythikē) was a region of Central Eurasia in classical antiquity, occupied by the Eastern Iranian Scythians,^[1][3][4] encompassing Central Asia and parts of Eastern Europe east of the Vistula River, with the eastern edges of the region vaguely defined by the Greeks. The Ancient Greeks gave the name Scythia (or Great Scythia) to all the lands north-east of Europe and the northern coast of the Black Sea.^[5] During the Iron Age, the region saw the flourishing of Scythian cultures.

The Scythians—the Greeks' name for this initially nomadic people—inhabited Scythia from at least the 1st century BC to the 2nd century AD.^[6] In the seventh century BC, the Scythians controlled large swaths of territory throughout Eurasia, from the Black Sea across Siberia to the borders of China.^[7][8] Its location and extent varied over time, but it usually extended farther to the west and significantly farther to the east than is indicated on the map.^[9] Some sources document that the Scythians were energetic but peaceful people.^[10] Not much is known about them.

Scythia and other Eastern Iranian speaking lands (shown in orange) c. 170 BC^[1]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythia

The Visigothic Kingdom, officially the Kingdom of the Goths (Latin: Regnum Gothorum), was a kingdom that occupied what is now southwestern France and the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th to the 8th centuries. One of the Germanic successor states to the Western Roman Empire, it was originally created by the settlement of the Visigoths under King Wallia in the province of Gallia Aquitania in southwest Gaul by the Roman government and then extended by conquest over all of Hispania. The Kingdom maintained independence from the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire, whose attempts to re-establish Roman authority in Hispania were only partially successful and short-lived.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom

Jordanes gives partly mythological genealogies leading up to historical 4th to 5th century rulers:

• Amali dynasty:  Gapt, Hulmu, Augis, Amal, Athal, Achiulf, Oduulf, Ansila, Ediulf, Vultuulf, Ermanaric
• Vultuulf, Valaravans, Vinithariust Vandalarius, Theodemir, Valamir, Vidimer.

Even though the Muslim invasion of Hispania (715 AD) and subsequent fall of the Visigothic kingdom in the early 8th century caused most Gothic naming traditions to be lost, a type of Gothic or pseudo-Gothic^[2] naming tradition continued in the Kingdom of Asturias, which by that time had become the central driving force behind the Christian reconquest of Andalusia. Thus, Alfonso I of Asturiaswas originally given the Gothic name *Adafuns or Adalfuns, becoming one of the most popular names in the medieval Iberian kingdoms.

In France, where remnants of the old Visigothic Kingdom still remained (Gothic March),Gothic names continued to be common up until the 12th century.^[3]

List of names[edit]

Gothic names of the 4th to 6th centuries include:

recorded name	Gothic form (reconstructed)	etymology	lifetime	identity/source
Ariaricus			fl. 330s	Balthi Therving king
Aoricus			fl. 340s	Therving king
At(h)alaricus	Aþalareiks	aþal(a) "noble" + reiks "ruler"	d. 534	king of the Ostrogoths
Athanaricus	Aþanareiks	aþni "year" + reiks "ruler"	fl. 369, d. 381	Therving king
Ermanaricus	Airmanareiks	Ermana "all men" + reiks "kingdom"	c.f. Arminius, Herman, Manrique	Amali king of the Greuthungi
Odotheus/Alatheus	Audaþius or Alaþius	auda- "wealth", or ala- "all"(?)[4] plus þius "servant"	fl. 380s	king of the Greuthungi
Alaricus	Alareiks	ala "all"(?)[4] + reiks	fl. 395–410	Visigothic king
Fritigernus	Friþugairns	friþus "peace" + gairns "desiring"	fl. 370s	Therving leader
Friþareikeis	Friþareiks	friþa "peace" + reiks "ruler" (i.e. Frederick)	d. 370s	martyr[5]
Wingourichos, Jungericus	Wingureiks		fl. 370s	Therving official
Gainas			fl. 390s	Gothic Magister militum
Sigericus		sigu "victory" + reiks "ruler"	d. 415	Amali king of the Visigoths
At(h)aulphus	Aþaulf or Ataulf	aþa(l) "noble" or ata "father" + ulf "wolf"	r. 410–415	Balthi king of the Visigoths
Theodericus	Þiudareiks	þiuda "people" + reiks "ruler" (see Theodoric)	r. 418–451	Balthi king of the Visigoths
Ragnaris	Raginariþ[6]	ragina (c.f. Vandalic Raginari ) and riþ, both meaning "counsel"	d. 555	A Hunnic leader allied with the Ostrogoths

See also[edit]

• Name of the Goths
• List of Visigothic queens
• Amali dynasty
• Balthi dynasty

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_name

Stephanie Anton

Galla Placidia (388-89 / 392-93 – 27 November 450), daughter of the Roman emperor Theodosius I, was a mother, tutor, and advisor to emperor Valentinian III, and a major force in Roman politics for most of her life. She was queen consort to Ataulf, king of the Visigoths from 414 until his death in 415, briefly empress consort to Constantius III in 421, and managed the government administration as a regent during the early reign of Valentinian III.

Augusta

Solidus of Galla Placidia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galla_Placidia

Egica, Ergica, or Egicca (c. 610 – 701x703), was the Visigoth King of Hispania and Septimaniafrom 687 until his death. He was the son of Ariberga and the brother-in-law of Wamba.

Egica in the 9th-century Codex Vigilanus

He was married (c. 670) to Cixilo (also known as Cixilona, Cioxillo, or Cixila), the daughter of his royal predecessor Erwig and wife Liuvigoto. On his deathbed on 14 November 687, Erwig confirmed Egica as his heir and sent him with the royal court to Toledo to be crowned.^[1] He was anointed on 24 November. Upon Egica's marriage to Cixilo, Erwig had made him swear an oath to protect Erwig's children. Before his death Erwig required a second oath, swearing not to deny justice to the people. Shortly after taking the throne, Egica called the Fifteenth Council of Toledo on 11 May 688, at which he claimed the two oaths were contradictory (because to do justice to the people required "harming" Erwig's children) and asked the council of bishops to release him from one or the other. Egica, however, met the opposition of Julian of Toledo. The council allowed Egica to abandon his wife but only partially rescinded the oath to protect Erwig's children. Egica waited until Julian's death in 690 to call a second provincial council of Tarraconensis, which resulted in Erwig's widow, Liuvigoto, being sent to a convent.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egica

Erwig^[1] (Latin: Flavius Ervigius;^[2] after 642 – 687) was a king of the Visigoths in Hispania(680–687).

A tremissis minted at Mérida during Erwig's reign shows the face of Christ and precedes this type of representation in Byzantine coinage, which first occurred under Justinian II (see here).

According to the 9th-century Chronicle of Alfonso III, Erwig was the son of Ardabast, who had journeyed from the Byzantine Empireto Hispania during the time of Chindasuinth, and married Chindasuinth's niece Goda.^[3] Ardabast (or Artavasdos), was probably an Armenian or Persian Christian exile in Constantinople or in Byzantine Africa. In Hispania he was made a count.^[4]

17th-century Spanish genealogist Luis Bartolomé de Salazar y Castro gave Ardabast's father as Athanagild, the son of Saint Hermenegild and Ingund, and his mother as Flavia Juliana, a daughter of Peter Augustus and niece of the Emperor Maurice.^[5] This imperial connection is disputed by Christian Settipani, who says that the only source for Athanagild's marriage to Flavia Julia is José Pellicer, who he claims to be a forger.^[6]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwig

Wallia or Walha (in Spanish: Walia, in Portuguese Vália), (c. 385 – 418) was king of the Visigoths from 415 to 418, earning a reputation as a great warrior and prudent ruler. He was elected to the throne after Athaulf and then Sigeric were assassinated in 415.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallia

The Amali – also called Amals, Amalings or Amalungs – were a leading dynasty of the Goths, a Germanic people who confronted the Roman Empire during the decline of the Western Roman Empire.^[1] They eventually became the royal house of the Ostrogothsand founded the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy.^[2]

The Amal clan was claimed to have descended from the divine.^[3] Jordanes writes:

Now the first of these heroes, as they themselves relate in their legends, was Gapt, who begat Hulmul. And Hulmul begat Augis; and Augis begat him who was called Amal, from whom the name of the Amali comes. Athal begat Achiulf and Oduulf. Now Achiulf begat Ansila and Ediulf, Vultuulf and Ermanaric.^[4]

This provides the following stemma for the earliest rulers of the Goths, before outlining in more detail the two divisions that arose from the son, Achiulf of Athal, the last in this early lineage :

Early rulers/kings
Gapt
Hulmul
Augis
Amal
Hisarnis
Ostrogotha
Hunuil
Athal[5]

Gapt or Gaut is the Scandinavian god of war. Hulmul or Humli-Hulmul, is considered the divine father of the Danish people.^[3]Ermanaric (also referred to as Ermanaricus or Hermanaric), is identified as a Greuthungian king who ruled territories in modern Ukraine. Ermanaric signals the tenth generation, and the first generation to be backed by historical record.^[3]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amal_dynasty

Gothenburg (/ˈɡɒθənbɜːrɡ/ (listen);^[5] abbreviated Gbg;^[6][7] Swedish: Göteborg[jœtɛˈbɔrj] (listen)) is the second-largest city in Sweden, fifth-largest in the Nordic countries, and capital of the Västra Götaland County. It is situated by Kattegat, on the west coast of Sweden, and has a population of approximately 570,000 in the city proper and about 1 million inhabitants in the metropolitan area.^[1]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothenburg

09-15-2021-2100 - Germanic Given Name - Gragrey, Grigory, Grimwald, Kriemhild, Kros, Crosmuat, Gotfrid, Godscalc, Gothard, Gotwald, Günther, Gundar, Guntar, Sigith,  Gomaleih [gud v. got] Osterlant Vulfland Sveinlaug Sven Talan Christos Nyx Hades Achilles Vasiliki VSOPGK, Godrics Marburg

Under surface of the head of a human embryo about twenty-nine days old (After His.). The palatal shelves are yet to form from the maxillary processes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_palate_development

09-15-2021-2100 - Germanic Given Name - Gragrey, Grigory, Grimwald, Kriemhild, Kros, Crosmuat, Gotfrid, Godscalc, Gothard, Gotwald, Günther, Gundar, Guntar, Sigith,  Gomaleih [gud v. got] Osterlant Vulfland Sveinlaug VSOPGK, Godrics Marburg godric  thanecheckcheckDegenhard, Degericus; Deitdegen, Edildegan, Drûtdegan, Heridegan, Swertdegan, Volcdegenþryþ,

09-15-2021-2100 - VSOPGK [male], VXLIF [female] [hp(bd)zt]- 10 - Germanic Given Name - Gottfrid, Gragrey, Grigory, Grimwald, Kriemhild, Kros, Crosmuat, Gotfrid, Godscalc, Gothard, Gotwald, Günther, Gundar, Guntar, Sigith,  Gomaleih [gud v. got] Osterlant Vulfland Sveinlaug VSOPGK, Godrics Marburg godric  thane Degenhard, Degericus; Deitdegen, Edildegan, Drûtdegan, Heridegan, Swertdegan, Volcdegenþryþ, Hengest

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatus_of_Liébana

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestorius

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escorial_Beatus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sever_Beatus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missal_of_Silos

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Vigilanus

Bsbies Names Ideas 

Germanic Given Name - 

Gotfrid, Gotfel, - 1

Gragrey, Grigory, - 2

Grimwald, Kriemhild, - 3 

Kros, Crosmuat,  - 4

Gotfrid, Godscalc, Gothard, Gotwald,  - 5 

Günther, Gundar, Guntar, - 6

Sigith,  Gomaleih [gud v. got] - 7 

Osterlant Vulfland Sveinlaug  - 8

Osthryth - 9

VSOPGK [male], VXLIF [female] - 10

Godrics Marburg godric  - 11

thanek thane Degenhard, Degericus; Deitdegen, Edildegan, Drûtdegan, Heridegan, Swertdegan, Volcdegenþryþ, - 12

Nothhelm - 13

valar valmar volva  - 14

Cynethryth thryth - 15

goz volk volker volkhar Volcbert volkmar Folcleih, Fulclindis,Volkhard, Fikcgzbm - 16

CGZBMN foken

Numerical terms for compound or complex features[edit]

Numerical prefixes for multiplication of compound or complex (as in complicated) features are created by adding kis to the basic numerical prefix, with the exception of numbers 2 and 3, which are bis- and tris-, respectively.

Number	Multiplier
2	bis-
3	tris-
4	tetrakis-
...

An example is the IUPAC name for DDT.

Multiplicative prefixes for naming assemblies of identical units[edit]

Number	Multiplier
5	quinque-
6	sexi-
7	septi-
8	octi-
9	novi-
10	deci-
11–9999	Ending "a" in the basic numerical prefix is replaced with "i", and/or "deka" is replaced with "deci".[citation needed]

Examples are biphenyl or terphenyl.

Etymology[edit]

"mono-" is from Greek monos = "alone". "un" = 1 and "nona-" = 9 are from Latin. The others are derived from Greek numbers.

The forms 100 and upwards are not correct Greek. In Ancient Greek, hekaton = 100, diakosioi = 200, triakosioi = 300, etc. The numbers 200-900 would be confused easily with 22 to 29 if they were used in chemistry. khīlioi = 1000, diskhīlioi = 2000, triskhīlioi = 3000, etc., and 13 to 19 are treiskaideka etc. with the Greek for "and"inserted (as in triskaidekaphobia).

See also[edit]

• Numeral prefix
• oligopeptide — few
• polypeptide — many

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_numerical_multiplier

 

above. Kenny Wayne Shepherd blue on black

Dithematic names[edit]

Element	Meaning	Prefix	Suffix	Examples	Notes
act, aht, oht	fearsome(?)			Ohthere, Ohtrad, Actumerus, Octric, Actulf; Actohildis, Octolindis	Pokorny[4] suggests rather the root of OHG āhta `hostile pursuit', Germ.. Acht, OE. ōht 'pursuit, harassment'[5]< *anhtō, in OE conflated with ōht 'terror', from the preterite of ag- "fear".[6] These represent perhaps two or more roots which are indistinguishable without
*agi-; eg, ecg, egg, ekk, agin, egin	sword, blade			Egbert, Ecgbald, Eggert, Ecgwine, Ekkehart, Ecgric, Eginolf; Ecgwynn, Egon	Some names in ag-, eg- may be unrelated in origin; see Förstemann, 9.
agil, ail, eil	?			Agilperht, Agilfrid, Agilulf, Egilger, Agilmar/Ilmar/Elmar, Egil, Egilrat; Alruna, Agilburgis,	Uncertain etymology; like aginperhaps a hypostatis of the older ag-; Förstemann, 22. See Agilaz.
ala	all			Alafrid, Alager, Alamunt, Alarad, Alaric, Alaruna, Alasuind	Some names in ala- have this etymology; others are corruptions of names in aþal-. Förstemann, 39.
ald, eald	old		—[7]	Altopold, Altiperht, Aldfrid/Aldfrith, Aldegar, Aldman, Ealdred/Aldred, Aldwig, Aldwin/Audoin/Alduin, Ealdwulf/Aldwulf; Aldedrudis, Aldeberga/Aldburg, Aldigart, Altagund, Aldelindis, Aldis
*albi-; ælf, elf, alf	elf		—[8]	Ælfwine, Ælfric, Alfred, Ælfweard, Ælfsige;[9]Ælfflæd, Ælfwaru, Ælfwynn
*alh, alah, ealh	hall, temple			Ealhhelm, Ealhmund/Alcmund, Alhred, Ealhwine/Alcuin; Ealhswith, Ælgifu(?)[10]	Perhaps related to runic alu
amala	work(?)			Amaleberga, Amalafrida, Amalrica, Amalaswintha/Melisende/Millicent, Ealhswith	c.f. Amalia, Amelie. This element's etymology is uncertain, but it is frequently compared to Old Norse aml"work".
angil, engel; ingal/ingel	a tribal name			Angilbald, Angilberht/Engelbert, Engilfrit, Angalgar, Angilhelm/Ingelhelm, Engilhoh; (Ingalberta), Angilburga, Angildruda, Engilgund	Names in angil- may arise with Christianization, by conflation with the prefix ingal-, an extension of the theophoric ing-prefix; see Förstemann, 89.
*aþal-, adall, æthel	noble			Æthelhard, Æthelred, Adolf/Æthelwulf, Alphonse, Albert/Adelbert, Adelbrand/Alebrand, Æthelburh, Adelaide, Æthelstan, Æthelflæd, Adelmar, Æthelthryth/Audrey, Aðils, Æthelgifu	see ethel, odal,
*anô-, ON anu or ái, OHG ano	ancestor		(?)	Olaf	Hypocorisms Ole, Åke/Åge
*ans-, ON ás, OHG ans, AS os	god		—	Oscar, Oswin, Oswald/Ansaldo, Ansgar, Anselm, Ansleth, Ásleikr/Anslech/Oslac,[11]Ansfridus, Anshelmus/Anselm, Ansgisus, Ansbrecht, Answald; Osburh, Osgyth, Osthryth
ar, ara, ari, arni, earn	eagle			Arafrid, Aramund, Arswind, Arfrid, Arnipert, Arnold, Arnulf, Arvid	Many of these names cannot be distinguished with certainty from the corresponding name in hari-.
arb, erb, erf	inheritance		—[12]	Arbogastis, Erbhart, Erphari, Erpolach, Erflind, Erbemar, Erpmund, Erferat, Erferih, Erpwin, Erpulf	Hypocorisms Aribo, Erbo
asc, æsc	ash, spear (made of ash tree)			Askold, Aschari, Asclind, Ascarich, Ascwin, Asculf	c.f. Oisc, Ask
*audaz, aud, od, euþ, auþ, euth, ead, eod, jóð	wealth, prosperity			Audeca, Audofleda, Auduin, Odotheus, Audovacar/Odoacer, Odomir/Otmar/Ottomar/Othmar/Ademar, Edgar/Audagar/Ottokar, Edmund, Eadnoth, Eadred/Edred, Edward, Eadwig, Eadwulf, Edwin, Eadgifu, Edith. Eadgils (etc.)	Extremely frequent. c.f. also Ethel, Otto, Odda, Auðr
aun, on, ean	?			Eanhere, Aunefrit/Eanfrith, Aunemund, Onerich, Aunulf; Eanflæd	Etymology unknown; see Förstemann, 181.
aus, aust, eost	radiant; a goddess			Auripert, Aurendil/Orendil/Aurvandil, Aurulf; Ostheri, Austrad, Austrobert, Austraberta, Ostarpurc, Aostarger, Aostargart, Austrigisil, Ostarhilt, Ostremund, Austrad, Australd, Ostruin, Austrulf	Possibly theophoric, see Eostre, Aurvandil
bald	bold			Baldwin; Theobald, etc.	Very frequent, and often conflated with the waldelement.
band	band, loop		?	Pandulf/Pandolfo
baud, bad, bud, badu, beadu, both	battle?			Baudigisil, Baudegund, Baudemund, Baudulf, Beadohild, Beaduhelm, Beaduwine, Bothvildr	Uncertain etymology; mostly in old names (before the 8th century) Förstemann, 216f. In later use indistinguishable from bald
baug	ring			Baugegundus, Bauglind, Baugulf
*berht-; beraht, bryht, briht	bright			Byrhtnoth, Bertrand, Bertram, Bertold/Berthold, Beorhtric, Brihtwyn; Cuthbert, Aribert, Albert/Albright/Adelbert, Rigobert, Robert/Rupert, Herbert, Humbert, Hubert, Norbert, Wilbert, Delbert/Dagobert, Engelbert, Egbert, Lambert, Sindbert, Bertstan, Lubbert, Ludbert, Wolfbert	hypocorism Bert. One of the most frequent elements, but not attested before the 6th century.
burg, beorg	fortress			Burchard/Burkhart, Burgred; Cuthburh, Eadburh, Æthelburh, Osburh, Redburga, Seaxburh, Walpurga, Werburgh	The suffix is feminine only. See also Burke
bera, bern, berin, beorn	bear			Berengar, Berahart/Bernhard, Berhildis, Berahoch, Bermar, Berimund, Beornwulf	cf. Beonna, Berig
bil	blade, sword			Biligrim,[13] Bilihelm, Bilihild, Billfrith, Belimar, Bilidruda, Pilolf	among the Saxons often monothematic, as Bilo, Pilicho, Pillin, Billung
blic	lightning			Blictrud, Blicger, Blicgart, Plechelm, Blicildis
blid	blithe			Bliddruda, Bllithar, Blithelm, Blidhild, Blidmar, Blidulf, Blidemund, Plittelmi
bord	shield	—		Herebord, Hiltiport, Saelbort, Willipord
brand	sword			Branthildis, Branthoc, Brandulf; Adelbrand, Gerbrand, Hildebrand, Hadubrand, IJsbrand, Theudebrand	cf. Brant. Attested from the 7th century, with the exception of Gothic Brandila
brun	armour, protection; brown			Brunfrid, Brunger, Brunric, Brunward, Brunulf; Brunhild; Adalbrun, Hiltibrun, Liefbrun, Liutbrun.	The words for "armour" and for "brown" are unrelated, but a distinction of these two elements is impossible.
dag, tag	day			Tagapald/Dacbold, Dagaperht/Dagobert, Tachiprand, Dagafrid, Dachelm, Tagarat/Dagred, Dagaric, Dagewin, Dagaulf; Alfdag, Osdag, Heridag, Helmdag, Hildidag, Hroddag, Wendildag, Wulfdag,	Possibly a conflation of several roots, perhaps brightness, day, and a loan of Celtic dago"good".
dis, idis	lady			Dissibod, Disnot	Names with this prefix are probably theophoric. In Nordic feminine names with the suffix -dis, the meaning is "woman".
diur, deor	?			Deurtrudis, Thiurhilt, Deorold, Deorulf	The meaning of this element may be either "animal" (deer) or "dear". See also Deor.
dom	judgement		?[14]	Dombert, Domedrudis, Domegerdis, Domalde, Duomolf
druht, droc, druc	people			Droctbold, Drocberta, Drutberga, Drucfred, Druhtgang, Truhthari, Droctelm, Dructildis, Druhtmar, Dructimund, Dructuin, Dructulf
ebur, eber, eofor	boar			Eparpert/Everbert, Eureberga, Euurdag, Ebertrudis, Eparfrid, Eberger, Eberhard/Eoforheard/Everard/Everett, Ebarhelm, Eburhilt, Ebirmuot, Ebermunt, Ebarolt, Eberwin/Ebroin, Eberulf, Eboric
era, eri, erin, ern	honour			Erarich, Eranbald, Erambert, Ernulf	Probably a genuine element, but difficult to distinguish from hari, which is also often reduced to eri-, er-, or from ari, arni. The form erin-, on the other hand, is often conflated with the irm- element.
ercan, erchen, archen, eorcen	pure, genuine[15]			Ercanberaht/Eorcenberht, Ercanbold/Archibald, Ercamberta, Ercanpurh, Ercantrud, Ercanfrid, Ercangar, Ercanhilt, Erchensinda, Erchinoald/Erchanold, Archanolf/Erchenulf	Förstemann, 377 connects OGH ercan "sublime, pure, holy" (the general sense in Gothic as well). In OE and ON used in compounds designating various "precious" stones. Perhaps theophoric, from a name of Teiwaz.[16]
erl, eorl	warrior, noble			Erlabald/Erlembald, Erlefrida, Erligar, Erlemund, Erlwin, Erlulf	Pokorny suggests a tentative link with ari-, arni- "eagle", an 'l' suffix form of which is found in the Balto-Slavic languages.
ewa, ew, eu, eo	ever			Euin, Eubert, Eomar, Eumund, Ewirat, Eric, Eowig, Eolf
far, fara; fart, fard	journey, travel			Farabert, Faregar, Feriher, Farohildis, Ferlinda, Faraman, Faramod, Faramund, Faroald, Faruin, Faraulf, Farnulf; Farthilt, Fartman, Ferdinand,[17] Fardulf, ; Adalfer, Leobafar, Sicfara, Theudifara
fast	firm, fast		—	Fastburg, Fastrada, Fastrih, Fastwin, Fastulf
fili	much, many(?)			Filibert, Feologild?, Filuliub, Filomar, Filomuot
*friþu-; ON friþ, OHG fridu	protection, peace			Fredegar, Ferdinand,[17] Fredegund/Frithugyth, Friedrich/Frederick, Frithuwold; Billfrith, Dietfried, Ermenfrid, Godfried, Gottfried, Sigfrid/Siegfried, Walfrid/Walfried, Ecgfrida[18]	In Old English, used almost exclusively for male names; Ecgfriþ is noted exception[18]
flad, flæð	purity, glory, beauty			Fladebert, Flatberta, Flatberga, Fladrudis, Fledrad, Flidulf; Albofledis/Ælfflæd, Ansfledis, Audofleda/Aethelflaed, Berhtflat, Burgofledis, Druhtflat, Ermenfleda, Gerflat, Gundiflat, Hrotflat, Ratflad, Sigiflat, Wynflæd	The suffix is feminine only.
fram	spear, javelin			Frambold, Frambert, Framsindis, Franemund, Franswinda	Almost exclusively Frankish names
franc	a tribal name			Francobert, Frangomere, Franchrih
fraw, fro, frea; fri	lord			Frowin, Frawibald, Frawiprecht, Frawihilt, Frowimund, Frowini, Frauirat, Frawisinda, Freawaru; Friher, Frehild, Friulf	c.f. Fróði; theophoric (see Fraujaz, Frijjō).
frig, freh	bold			Frigobert, Frehholt, Friculf
frod	wise, prudent			Frotbald, Frodobert, Frotfar, Frotfrid, Frodegard, Frothard, Frotland, Frotmir, Frotmund, Frodwin, Frodulf	hypocorisms Frodo, Frutilo, Frodin
frum	good, beneficial			Frumiger, Frumihilt, Frumirat, Frumirih, Frumold, Frumolf, Frumar
fulc, folc, volc	people, folk			Folcbald, Forlberaht/Volcbert, Fulcdag, Folhker/Folcger, Folchard, Fulchar/Volker, Volkhard, Fikcgzbm Folcleih, Fulclindis, Folcman, Folcmar/Volkmar, Folcnand, Fulcrad, Fulcrich, Folcswind, Fulcuald, Folcward, Folcwin, Fulculf; Heidifolc, Herifolch, Hrodfolc, Ratfolc, Sigifolc, Saelfolc
funs, fús	eager, brave	—		Amdefuns, Adalfuns/Alphonse, Bernefons, Hadufuns, Sigifuns, Valafons
gail, gel	gay, merry		—	Gelbold, Geilindis, Geilamir, Gailswindis, Geilwib, Geilwih,	hypocorism Gailo, Geliko
gamal, gam	old		—	Gamalbold, Gamalbert, Gamalberga, Gamaltrudis, Gamalfred, Gamalher, Camalrat,
gaman	joy			Gamanhilt, Gamanolt, Gamanulf	Only Old High German, rare
gan	magic			Gannibald, Ganefard, Ganhart ; Adalgan, Audiganus, Morgan, Wolfgan
gand, gend	?			Gantberga, Gentfrid, Ganthar/Ganther, Gendrad, Gandaricus, Gandulf  ; Gredegand, Charigand, Hrodogand, Gislegendis	Hypocorisms Gando, Gantalo, Gandin; cf. Gandalfr(mythological)
gang	path, journey			Gangperht, Gangolf; Bertegang, Druhtgang, Hildigang, Hrodegang, Thiotcanc, Uligang, Widugang, Wiligang, Wolfgang
gar, ger, earlier gais	spear			Gerald, Gerhard/Gerard, Gerbrand, Gerwin, German; Berengar, Edgar, Oscar, Hrothgar/Roger	hypocorism Gero, Gerry. Very frequent both as prefix and as suffix. Gerðr is the wife of Freyrin Norse mythology.
gard	enclosure			Gardrad, Gardulf; Hildegard, Irmgard, Liutgart, etc.	Rare as a prefix, very frequent as a suffix. The great majority of names with this suffix are feminine.
gast	guest; spirit			Castald, Gestilind, Gestiliub, Gastrad; Altgast, Alpkast, Andragast, Arbogast, Cunigast, Hartigast, Hiltigast, Hungast, Lindigast, Milgast, Nebiogast, Salagast, Suabgast, Widogast, Visogast	Mostly as suffix; frequent in early (3rd to 4th centuries) names; frequent conflation with Slavic names (Radegast, Gustaph).
gaud, gaut, gaus, got, goz	a tribal name			Gauzebald/Cozpolt/Gausbolda, Gaucibert/Gozperaht, Gauseprand, Gausburgis, Gauttrudis, Caozflat, Gautfred, Gozger, Gauter/Kozheri, Gautastabaz/Göstaf/Gösta/Gustav, Gautshelm, Gauthildis, Gozleih, Gautlindis, Gautrekr, Goswin/Gaudoin, Gaudulf; Algaut, Amalgaud, Ansegaud, Ariugaud, Ostgaus/Aostargaoz, Berengaud, Danegaud, Trutgaud, Ebregaud, Ercangaud, Erlegaud, Faregaud, Gisalgoz, Helmigaud, Hildegaud, Hohgaud, Hungoz, Irmegaus, Ermengaud, Teutgaud, Ulgaud, Waldegaud, Wihgoz, Vuldargoza.	The tribal name of the Geats/Goths. Hypocorisms Gaudo, Gaudila, Gauzilin, Gaudin. These names are popular during the 6th to 11th centuries. The forms in got are difficult to distinguish from the element god "god".
geld, gild; gold	worthy; gold, payment, yield			Giltbert, Gelther, Gildemir, Giltrada, Geldirih, Goldrun, Geltwif, Geltwig, Gildewin, Geldulf; Amalgaldis, Ausigildis, Adalgildis, Athanagild, Beregildis, Bertegildis, Trutgildis, Faregildis, Framengildis, Fredegildis, Frotgiliis, Gislegildis, Herigilid, Hleokelt, Lantegildis, Rihgelt, Sparagildis, Teutgildis, Wandegildis, Witgildis, Wolfgelt, etc.	Hypocorisms Gildo, Gilting, Coldin, Gilticho
gifu; geb, gib	gift			Gibbold, Gibborga, Gibitrudis, Giffrid, Gebhard, Gebaheri, Gibohildis, Gebahoh, Gebalinda, Geberad, Geberic, Gebawin, Gibulf; Ælgifu/Ælfgifu, Ælthelgifu/Eadgifu, Godgyfu/Godiva, Ottogeba, Thialgif, Willigip	hypocorisms Gabilo, Gibilin, Gebi, Gabo, Gibicho, etc.
gisil, gisel	hostage, pledge			Giselbert, Giselric, Giselhard; Giselberga	Hypocorism Gisela, cf. Giselle
glis	gleam			Glismot, Glisnot
god, got	god; good			Godfrid/Godfrey, Godscalc, Gothard, Gotwald	In most cases, the etymologies guda "deus" and goda "bonus" cannot be distinguished with certainty, while in older continental names this is often an alternative form of Gund
graus	horror, terror			Crosmuat (8th century), Grausolph (9th century)	simplex Grauso, Chroso, Cros, Kros, etc.;
graw, gra	grey			Graobart, Grahilt (8th century), Graman (8th century), Graulf (8th century)
grim	helmet, mask			Grimwald, Grimoald, Grimhild/Krimhild/Kriemhild; Isegrim/Isengrim
guma	man			Gomadrudis, Gomoharius, Gomahilt, Gomaleih, Gomlinda, Gumemar, Gumarich, Gumesind, Gumoalt, Gomolf
*gunþ-; gund, gud, gyþ, gyð	battle, war			Günther/Gunther/Gunter/Guntar/Gundar, Gundoald, Gundulf, Gunnhild, Gudrun; Eadgyð, Ealdgyð/Edith, Fredegund/Frithugyth, Sigith/Sigita, Hildegund/Hildegunn, Rigunth
hag, hagan; hah	?			Hagibert, Hagihar, Hachirat, Hagoald, Hagiwolf; Hahger, Hahmund, Hahwart, Haholf	Attested from the 7th century in forms such as Hago,  Chainoetc. From an early time conflated with names in Ag-, Agin-. See also Haguna.
haid, heit	rank, state			Haidrich, Heidfolc, Chaideruna; Adelaide etc.	Extremely frequent as second element in feminine names (83 listed by Förstemann), apparently due to early confusion with similar words for heath.
hail, heil; hailag	whole, healthy			Hailbert, Hailun, Hailburch, Hailtruda, Heilan, Heilmunt, Hailrat, Hailwin; Halagmund, Halegred, ; Rihheil, Sarahailo	Hailo, Halicho (8th century); conflated with the elements agiland hal.
*haim-; OHG haim, heim, AS hæm	home			Henry/Heinrich, Heimwart	hypocorism Haimo
haist, heist	furious, violent(?)			Haisthilt, Haistulf, Hailun	c.f. Old English hæst; also compared with the tribal name of the Aesti.
hamar	hammer			Hamerard, Hamarolf, Hamarbert	Rare; limited to a handful of names of the 8th century.
hand	hand(?)			Hantbert, Hantker, Handegis, Hantwin, Handolf	Rare, 8th and 9th centuries.
harc	altar(?)			Harcmot, Hercrat, Harchellindis (f.), Horcholt	rare, 9th and 10th centuries; c.f. the entries under ercan.
hard, heard	brave, hardy			Hartman, Hartmut (etc.); Æthelhard, Richard, Gerhard, Gotthard, Bernard/Bernhard (etc.)	Very frequent, recorded from as early as the 3rd century.
*hari, her	army			Diether, Luther, Hereweald/Harold, Herbert, Herleif, Herman/Arminius, Ariovistus, Ariouualdus	hypocorism Harry, Walther; Heri(?). Very frequent, Förstemann lists 289 names with -hari as second element. As first element recorded as early as the 1st century (in Chariovalda), or possibly in the 1st century BC (Negau helmetB, Harigasti)
hath, had, hada, hadu	battle, combat			Hadubrand, Hadufuns, Hedwig; Rihhad, Willihad, Wolfhad, Vunnihad	Frequent, from the 6th century, formally indistinguishable from haid.
hedan, haidan	heathen, pagan			Hedenold, Hedenulf ; Wolfhetan	rare; 7th to 9th centuries.
helm	protector			Helmut, Helmdrud, Helmfrid; Diethelm, Ealhhelm, Anselm, Cwichelm, Nothhelm, Wilhelm/William	Hypocorism Helmo. Comparatively frequent from the 6th century.
heah, hoch	high			Heaberht, Hámundr	cf. Huoching/Haki
hild-	war			Actohildis, Berhildis, Branthildis, Farohildis, Ermenhild/Imelda, Gauthildis/Gauthildr, Gerhild, Gibohildis, Grimhild/Krimhild/Kriemhild, Gunnhild, Matilda, Judelhildis, Landohildis, Nanthild, Richilda, Wanthildis; Childebert, Hildebrand, Hildegard, Hildegund/Hildegunn (etc.)	One of the most frequently used stems both as prefix and as suffix, attested since the 3rd century. Among the Franks its use especially for feminine names is "almost excessive" according to Förstemann, who counts 281 names with this suffix, of which only four are masculine. Hypocorism Hilda.
hilp, help	aid, help		—	Chilperic, Helpoald, Helpuin, Helpwolf	rare; Chilperic is from the 5th century, other names with this element occur only in the 8th and 9th centuries.
*heltą, hilt, hilz, helz	hilt		—[19]	Hilcekin, Helzuni, Helzolt	rare; 8th to 11th centuries
himil	heaven			Himildrud, Himilger, Himilrad	rare, 8th to 10th centuries.
hir-	sword			Hiring, Hiribert, Hirburc, Hiriger, Hiriward	9th century; Gothic hairus, Anglo-Saxon heoro- "sword", also in the tribal name of the Cherusci.
hiruz, hiriz, herz	hart, stag			Hirizpero, Herzrad(?); dim. Hirzula	rare
hleo	protection			Hleoperht, Hlevagastir
hlud, hloda	fame			Hlothhere, Chlodwig/Ludwig/Louis, Ludolf, Lothar/Chlothar/Lothaire, Chlodomir; Chlodoswintha
hog, huog	dexterous, nimble(?)			Huogobert, Huoging, Huogulf, Hogo
hol	crafty, devious(?)			Holebert, Holomot, Holemund, Holosint
hord, hort	hoard, treasure			Hortbert, Horthari, Hordold, Hordward, Horduin, Hordolf
hraban, hram	raven			Bertram, Wolfram	frequent in the 7th to 9th centuries; surely from the ravens of Wodanaz originally (as was wulf-). Förestemann counts 125 masculine and 15 feminine with this suffix. The simplex Hraban (and variants) is recorded from the 6th century. The Gothic name Valarauans if it contains this root would be the oldest record of the element (4th century).
hrad	quick, fast		(?)[20]	Hradperaht, Hradpurh, Hradgast, Hrathari, Hradwin
hraid, hreid	famous(?)			Hreiðmarr, Hreidperaht, Hreidgaer, Hreitolf, Hraidmund/Raymond	also in the name of the Hreiðgoths.
hring, ring	ring		(?)[21]	Hringuni, Rhincbold, Ringhelm, Hringweald, Hringolf	Förstemann 1900:877 suggests that the "ring" element in origin refers to ring-mail
hroc, roc	?			Ferderuchus, Unhroch, Wolfhroc; Rocbert, Hrohhart, Hrocculf, Ruocswint, Berthroc	Förstemann 1900:878f. surmises an early conflation of two elements (1) hrauc "roar, bellow, (battle-)cry" and (2) rōc"care, circumspection", and both were further conflated with hrōþ- as first element, and with -rih as second. As a second element since the 5th century. Crocus, the 4th-century king of the Alamanni, presumably had a name formed from this element, as did Rocco bishop of Autun (7th century) and Rocho bishop of Bourges (8th century).
hrom, hruom, rom	glory, fame		—	Ruombald/Rumbold/Rombout, Rumbert, Ruumker, Hrumheri, Ruomlind, Romuald, Romulf	since the 5th century; hypocorisms Ruom, Roma, Rumo. Förstemann 1900:883
*hrōþ-; hruot	fame			Hrothgar/Roger/Rüdiger, Hrodberht/Rupert/Robert, Hrodulf/Rudolph, Roderick, Roland, Rodney, Roald; Adalrod, Fridarut, Hartrod, Liutrod, Sigirod	8th century; hypocorisms Chrodius, Hrodo, Hrodio, Hroda; Förstemann 1900:883
hug, hyg	spirit, courage		( )	Hugibald, Hygelac/Hyglac, Hugubert, Hugibrant, Hucger, Hugilind; Adalhug, Kerhuge
hun	swelling; chip, block; offspring, (bear) cub			Hunferthus, Humboldt, Hunbeorht/Humbert; Andhun, Berthun; Ælfhun	c.f. Hun of East Anglia
ing	a god			Inga, Ingeborg, Inger, Ingvar, Ingrid, Ingemar/Ingmar
irm(en), erm(en)	strong, whole			Eormenred, Ermenrich/Hermeric/Emmerich/Emery/Amerigo; Ermendrud/Ermintrude/Irmtrud, Ermenfrid, Ermengarde/Ermegard/Irmgard, Ermengild/Hermenegild, Ermenhild/Imelda	possibly theophoric, see Irminsul; hypocorisms Irma, Armin, Emma
ise(n)	iron			Isebert/Isebrecht, Isegrim/Isegrimm/Isengrim, Isenhart, IJsbrand	Isegrim may in origin have been a kenning for "wolf".
jut-	a tribal name			Judida, Judinga, Jutcar, Judilidis, Jutrad, Joduin, Judelhildis	probably from the name of the Juthungi or the Jutes
jung	young			Jungarat, Jungericus, Jungulf, Jugenprand	8th to 10th century, rare (used more rarely than ald- "old")
karl, carl, ceorl	man			Carlofred, Carlman; Altcarl, Gundecarl	rare; possibly extensions from the simplex.
*kōni-; cen, coen	fierce, keen			Conrad/Konrad, Cynric, Coenwulf
*kun(n)i-, OHG kuni, chun, also chim, chin, chind; AS cyne	kingly, noble, kin, offspring, child			Kunibert, Kunimund, Cynewulf; Kunigunde, Cynegyth, Cynethryth, Cynewulf; Chindasvinth; Adelchind, Drudchind, Widukind, Willekind	hypocorism Kuno, Chintila
*kunþ-; cuþ	renowned			Cuthbert, Cuthred, Cuthwulf
kwik-; cwic	alive, lively			Cwichelm
laik	play, dance			Ekkileich, Albleih, Amalleih, Ásleikr/Oslac, Audolecus, Perlaicus, Perahteih, Chinileihc, Dagaleich, Fridileih, Frotalaicus, Folcleih, Gozleih, Gundelaicus, Halulec, Hildelaicus, Hugilaih/Hyglac, Isanleih, Mathlec, Radleic, Sigelac, Wadelaicus, Walalaicho, Waldleich, Werinleih, Widolaic, Willileih, Winileih, Wolfleiga, Zitleich	possibly as first element in Leikert, Leuckart; Laigobert
laif, laf, leib	survivor, heir	()		Eggileib, Albleib, Olaf, Oslef, Athulef, Adalleib, Otleib, Berahtleib, Dagalaif, Danleib, Dotleib, Truhtleib, Edilef, Fridaleib, Folkleib, Guntaleiba, Hartleib, Haduleif, Herleif, Hiltileip, Hordleif, Hunleib, Isanleib, Mahtleip, Nordleip, Ortlaip, Ratleib, Reginleib, Richleib, Sileif, Starcleib, Thiotleip, Wiglaf, Wineleib, Wolleip, Wulfleip, Wunnileif, Zehaleip; Leibuni/Leiboin, Leibher, Leibhilt, Leibrat, Leibwart	the probable original meaning "heir of" suggests that this element at first appeared only as second element; it was from an early time it conflated with liub "dear". In Old Norse also used as a simplex, Leifr "heir".
laith	dangerous, hostile			Ansleth, Wolfleit; Leitbraht, Leitfrid, Leither, Leidmuot, Laidarat, Laidoin, Laidulf	rare
lamp	fitting(?)			Lampert, Lampfrid	rare, 8th to 10th century
land	land			Acland, Ingaland, Oslant, Osterlant, Auilant, Perelant, Perahtland, Cululant, Thruadland, Frotland, Gerland, Gotlanda, Grimland, Gundoland, Artaland, Hasland, Hiltiland, Hrodlant, Itislant, Inlant, Ermoland/Hermenland, Madoland, Meginland, Odallant, Ratland, Roland, Landon, Gagentland, Ricland, Sigilant, Wariland, Wiclant, Vulfland; Landolin, Landbold, Lambert/Landberta, Landeberga, Lamprand, Lantbodo, Landfrid, Landagar, Landegaus, Landgrim, Landegunda, Lantheida, Landohard, Lanthar, Landohildis, Landerich, Landswinda, Landoald, Landwih, Landuin, Landulf
laug	bride(?)			Alblaug/Alflaug, Adallouc/Aðallaug, Ólaug, Árlaug, Arnlaug, Áslaug, Perahtlouc, Eyðleyg/Edlaug, Droplaug, Dýrlaug, Ellaug, Ercanloug, Fastlaug, FInnlaug, Fridlaug, Grímlaug, Gerlaug, Gundlauc/Gunnlaug, Heiðlaug, Hiltilauc, Hrafnlaug, Íslaug, Jerlaug, Kristlaug, Ratlauga, Róslaug, Sigilouc/Siglaug, Sollaug, Sturlaug, Swanaloug/Svanlaug, Sveinlaug, Týlaugr, Triulaug, Vélaug, Wiglauh/Víglaugr, Þórlaug, Þraslaug	only as a suffix in feminine names; the suffix is presumably from a root *lug "to celebrate marriage; to be dedicated, promised (in marriage)"[22]
lind	soft, mild, alternatively "shield" (made of linden tree) in ON, OHG and OE)	()		Gislinde, Heidelinde, Rosalint, Ermelind, Kristlind, Melinda, Odelinde, Siglind/Sieglinde, Theodolinda, Þórlindur; Linddís, Lindolf, Lindvald, Lindvardh, Linveig	very frequent as a second element in feminine names
liub, leof	desirable, friendly			Leofric, Leofwine, Leofwynn
liuti	people			Liutger/Leodegar, Luther, Lutold; Liutgard, Liutwin
magan, megin; maht	might, strength			Maganradus/Meinrad; Mathilde, Meinfrida, Meinhard
man, mann	man, person			Manfred, Herman, German, Norman
*mēri-; mære, mer, mar, mir	famous			Adelmar, Chlodomir, Marwig, Miro, Morgan, Filimer/Filimir, Hreiðmarr, Odomir/Otmar/Ottomar/Othmar/Ademar, Dietmar, Agilmar/Ilmar/Elmar, Ricimer, Richimir, Theodemir, Theodemar, Thiudimer, Sigmar, Ingemar/Ingmar, Valamir, Waldemar/Vladimir, Wilmer, Vidimir/Widemir, Wulfmar/Wulfomir
mund	protection			Edmund, Erlemund, Kunimund, Sigmund, Rechimund, Reginmund/Raymond, Remismund, Normund
noþ, OHG nand[23]	courage			Nanthild, Nothhelm; Byrhtnoth, Eadnoth, Ferdinand, Folcnand, Wieland/Wayland
ræð	counsel, wisdom			Radegast, Radwig, Radulf; Alfred, Eadred, Conrad, Tancred, Wihtred; Ratberga/Redburga
ragin	counsel			Raginald/Reginald/Reynold/Reinhold/Reynhold, Ronald, Reginbert, Reginmund/Raymond; Regintrud, Rægenhere, Ragnar
*remez, remis	peace			Remisto, Remismund
run	rune, secret			Gudrun, Walaruna
rīki-; OHG rihhi, AS rīc	ruler			Rigobert, Alaric, Ælfric, Beorthric, Brunric, Theodoric/Dietrich, Friedrich/Frederick, Richard, Richilda, Rechila, Rechiar, Rechimund, Richimir, Rickstan, Eboric, Ulrich, Haidrich/Heidrich, Leofric, Wulfric, Roderick, Sigeric, Sedrick, Cedric, Patrick, Chilperic, Theodoric, Henry/Heinrich, Eric, Godric
sax, seax	seax; a tribal name			Sexred; Seaxburh
sinþ, sind, siþ	travel, time			Sindolf/Sindulf, Sindram, Sindbald, Sindbert	Sinthgunt as "Sun's sister" in the Merseburg Incantations
sig, sigi, sige, sieg	victory			Sigborg/Siborg, Sigebald/Sibbald/Sibold, Sigbod/Sibot, Sigibert, Sibrand, Sigmar, Sigmund, Sighart, Sighelm, Sigher/Siger, Sigrad, Sigeric, Sigtrygg, Sigward/Siward, Sigfrid/Siegfried, Sigith/Sigita, Sigwald/Siwald, Sigulf/Sigewulf; Ælfsige;[9] Sigelinde/Siglind, Sigtrud	possibly theophoric in origin, in reference to Teiwaz, and later Odin, the god of victory.[24]Hypocorisms Sigo, Sike, Sikke.
stan	stone			Æthelstan, Thorsten, Wulfstan, Bertstan, Rickstan	also in simplex Sten, from Scandinavian Steinn
swint, swiþ	strength			Swithwulf, Swinthibald; Amalaswintha, Ealhswith; Swinthila
tank	thought, counsel			Tancred/Dancrad, Dancmar
trygg	truth			Sigtrygg
Valdr	ruler, leader			Ronald, Roald
wand, wandal	wander, wend			Wandefrid, Wandedrudis (f.), Vandebercth (7th century), Wandemar, Wandarich, Wendulf, Wanthildis (f., 9th century); Wandalbold (8th century), Wandalbert (7th-9th centuries), Wandalburgis (f., 10th-11th centuries)	in the names of the Vandals, Wends and Aurvandil
weald, Wald	power, brightness			Waldemar/Vladimir, Walther; Edwald, Ewald, Frithuwold, Harold, Sigwald/Siwald, Gundoald, Waldwolf/Waldolf/Adolf, Oswald/Ansaldo, Walfrid/Walfried
warin; weard	guardian			Warinhari/Wernher/Werner; Brunward, Edward, Sigward; Freawaru, Ælfwaru
wiht	wight, spirit			Wihtred
wil	will, desire			Wilhelm/William, Wilmer, Wilfred, Wilbert, Willihad, Willigip
win, wini, wine, wyn(n)	friend; joy			Winibald, Winimund, Winibert; Ælfwine/Alboin, Alcuin, Aldoin, Baldwin, Darwin, Ecgwine, Edwin/Audoin, Erlwin, Erwin, Gerwin, Goswin, Leofwine, Oswin; Wynflæd; Ælfwynn, Ecgwynn, Brihtwyn
wig	battle, war			Wiglaf, Wigbert, Wigheard; Ludwig, Hedwig, Marwig
wal(a), wel, wæl	battle			Wieland/Wayland,[25] Walaman, Walarad, Walerand, Walaruna, Walesinda, Wala-anc, Walahelm, Walaram	hypochoristic Wallia, Walica. c.f. Valhalla, Valkyrie, Valföðretc.
wod(wad?)	fury			Wodilhilt (f.), Wodalgarta (f.), Wodilbalt (a. 969), Wodalbert (a. 773), Wodelfrid (a. 912), Wodilulf (11th century), Vudamot (a. 821)	because of the close association with Wodanaz, these names are rare already in the OHG period, and fall out of use entirely during the High Middle Ages. Some hypocorisms such as Wote (a. 784), Woda (f., 8th century), Wodal (a. 889), Wode, Wodtke, may derive from this element. Wotan is recorded as a given name in the early 9th century.[26] Association of most of these names with wod "fury" is uncertain, as there are the homophonic but unrelated roots of OHG watan "to wade" and wat "garment".[27]
wid(u), wit	wood, forest			Withhold, Widukind	hypocorism Guido, Guy
wulf	wolf			Aethelwulf/Adolf, Arnulf, Atenulf, Beowulf, Cuthwulf, Cynewulf, Eadwulf, Ealdwulf/Aldwulf, Eardwulf, Ernulf, Gangolf, Gundulf, Pandulf, Swithwulf, Rudolph; Wulfstan, Wolfgang, Wolfram, Wulf (etc.)	Especially as second element, -ulf, -olf is extremely common. Förstemann explains this as originally motivated by the wolf as an animal sacred to Wodanaz, but notes that the large number of names indicates that the element had become a meaningless suffix of male names at an early time. Förstemann counts 381 names in  -ulf, -olf, among which only four are feminine. See also Offa (name)
þeod	people			Theodoric/Dietrich/Derick/Dirk, Detlef, Diether, Diethelm, Theobald, Dietfried, Theudebert, Theodemar; Dietlinde
*þegnaz, degen	warrior, thane			Degenhard, Degericus; Deitdegen, Edildegan, Drûtdegan, Heridegan, Swertdegan, Volcdegen
þryþ, OH þrúðr,OE þrȳð,[28]drut, trud, thrud, thryth	force, strength			Drutmund; Æthelthryth, Osthryth, Cynethryth, Ermintrude, Gertrude, Sæthryth, Waltrud/Waltraut	Names with this suffix are feminine only; Þrúðr is a daughter of Thor in Norse mythology. Short form Trudy, Trudi
þonar, donar, þór	(the god of) thunder		(rare)	Donarperht (9th century), Donarad (8th century), Þórarin, Þórhall, Þórkell, Þórfinnr, Þórvald, Þórvarðr, Þórgeir, Þórsteinn (9th century), Thunerulf/Þórolf ; Albthonar (8th century)	These names appear from the 8th or 9th century; popular in Scandinavia during the 10th to 11th centuries. Förstemann 1199.
þurs, Thuris, Turis	giant			Thusnelda (1st century; presumably for *Thurishilda), Thurismund (6th century), Thurisind (6th century), Turisulfus	an archaic element in names of the migration period, extinct during the medieval period. Förstemann 1200.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_name

German - fury - Wodalbert (a. 773), = dr. bettey

Giselbert - hostsge dr. bettey

donarbert - thunder dr. bettey

Heaberht - high dr. bettey

Byrhtnoth - bright dr. bettey

Berhtflat - glory beauty dr. bettey

Bertegang - dr. bettey in a gang american gang

Bertegildis - dr. bettey worthy of gold

bertram, Förestemann , Valarauans, Wodanaz - dr. bettey woodland raven

Berthroc, Rocbert, - fighting yelling solid dr bettey

Berthun - dr. bettey hun

bertha - robert bert

Gostislav

The barbarian kingdoms were kingdoms founded by various Germanic, Iranian, Hunnicand other peoples, that were established all over the Mediterranean after the Barbarian Invasions from the late antiquity to the early middle ages.^{[citation needed]} The term "barbarian" has been commonly used by historians. Other terms used include "Northern European kingdoms", "Romano-northern European kingdoms",^[2] and "post-Roman kingdoms".

Barbarian kingdoms in Europe and North Africa in 476 AD

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarian_kingdoms

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galton–Watson_process#Extinction_criterion_for_Galton–Watson_process