Cases
201M
201,000,000
Recovered
-
Deaths
4.27M
4,270,000
| Location | Cases | Recovered | Deaths |
|---|---|---|---|
 United States | 35.7M 35,700,000 +168K +168,000 | - | 616K 616,000 +849 +849 |
 India | 31.9M 31,900,000 | - | 427K |
Saturday, August 7, 2021
08-07-2021-1447 - Maine State History & Sample Group (2020) Mister et al. CH.
Bell Labs Relay Interpolator is completed
Computers
The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. The result was the Relay Interpolator, later called the Bell Labs Model II. The Relay Interpolator used 440 relays, and since it was programmable by paper tape, was used for other applications following the war.
https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/1943/
The Harlem Riots of 1943 ignited when false rumors spread about a cop fatally shooting a black soldier during a dalliance at hot-sheets motel
By DAVID J. KRAJICEK
NEW YORK DAILY NEWS |
MAY 09, 2015 AT 9:53 PM
https://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/harlem-riots-1943-echo-today-article-1.2216788
https://13thdimension.com/1943s-batman-serial-the-highs-and-lows-of-the-dynamic-duos-screen-debut/
https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/war-leader/1943-1945/
https://aboutholocaust.org/en/facts/who-was-szmul-zygielbojm-and-why-did-he-commit-suicide-in-1943
https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/pa1096960
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943_in_the_United_States
https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/pa1058141
https://www.filmfestival.nl/en/archive/pastorale-1943-1/
https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/the-bombing-campaign-of-world-war-two/the-bombing-of-hamburg-in-1943/
https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-april-19-2021-1.5992940/how-jewish-women-fought-back-against-the-nazis-during-a-1943-uprising-in-poland-1.5993207
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3621391/The-Warsaw-women-who-took-on-Hitler.html
--------------
MISTER TYPE 1900s-1943-2021-Persistent degenerative progressive deprecatory
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3621391/The-Warsaw-women-who-took-on-Hitler.html
https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-april-19-2021-1.5992940/how-jewish-women-fought-back-against-the-nazis-during-a-1943-uprising-in-poland-1.5993207
Primarily young Jews between the ages of 16 and 25 had come together to form underground militias. Many of them had been part of youth movements before the war as well, Batalion said.
Niuta Teitelbaum as a schoolgirl in Lodz, Poland, in 1936. During the war, she became known as “Little Wanda with the Braids.” (Courtesy of Ghetto Fighters’ House Museum, Photo Archive)
https://i.cbc.ca/1.5994619.1618934041!/fileImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/original_1180/niuta-teitelbaum.jpg
https://polin.pl/en/women-warsaw-ghetto-uprising
Jew: https://www.flickr.com/photos/24132168@N05/4536058960
Chris Rooney Relative: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/26/mussolini-loses-grip-on-italy-archive-1943
Benito Mussolini (1883-1945).
Photograph: Popperfoto/Getty Images
Rooney & Misters Race etc. et al.
THIS DAY IN HISTORY
April 19, 1943: Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Began
Time Periods: Prosperity, Depression, & World War II: 1920 - 1944
Themes: Wars & Related Anti-War Movements, World History/Global Studies
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/warsaw-ghetto-uprising
https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/1946/
1940 fashion: https://glamourdaze.com/history-of-womens-fashion/1940-to-1949
-----------
U-848 under attack from a very low flying aircraft. The submarine was intercepted on 5 November 1943, off the coast of Brazil, by the US Navy aircraft from VB-107. She was depth charged by 3 PB4Y-1 Liberators. All 63 hands were lost. Colour by Nathan Howland (@ HowdiColourWorks)
https://www.reddit.com/r/wwiipics/comments/j80fun/12_year_old_alfred_zech_after_being_awarded_the/
12 year old Alfred Zech after being awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class by Hitler. Zech had used his father's farm cart to rescue 8 wounded soldiers pinned down by Soviet fire. He died in 2011 at the age of 78.
https://www.reddit.com/r/wwiipics/comments/j80fun/12_year_old_alfred_zech_after_being_awarded_the/
==========
https://glamourdaze.com/2017/12/1940s-coat-styles-from-1943-to-1945.html
https://www.moma.org/calendar/events/4153
https://pixels.com/featured/lassie-come-home-1943--album.html
https://store.woodyguthrie.org/products/new-years-rulins
https://twitter.com/aagpbl/status/996673421907038208?lang=sk
https://baseballhall.org/discover/1943-aagpbl-all-star-game-played-under-lights-at-wrigley-field
https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/tanning-eine-kleine-nachtmusik-t07346
https://milenaolesinska77.medium.com/modernsurrealism-dorothea-tanning-e63ff14c2eb1
https://narrativepainting.net/?p=247
https://history.howstuffworks.com/world-war-ii/allies-bomb-northern-nazi-germany.htm
https://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/about/history/company/1933-1945.html
https://www.onthisday.com/events/date/1943
https://www.fridakahlo.org/self-portrait-with-monkeys.jsp
https://alchetron.com/Greek-Resistance
https://twitter.com/harrybucknall/status/1128238695042121728
https://www.agefotostock.com/age/en/details-photo/greek-guerrillas-of-elas-greek-people-s-liberation-army/POH-ARP17A29_359
https://history.howstuffworks.com/world-war-ii/allies-bomb-northern-nazi-germany.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoot_suit
https://www.alamy.com/marshal-pietro-badoglio-1st-duke-of-addis-abeba-1st-marquess-of-sabotino-1871-1956-was-an-italian-general-during-both-world-wars-and-the-first-image335677406.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_1943
Born:
J. T. Walsh, American character actor, in San Francisco (d. 1998)
The German Armed Forces command issued a public decree for the removal from service of anyone classified as a ""Mischling of the First Degree", a person who had two Jewish, or otherwise non-Aryan, grandparents. Mixed marriages (between Jews and Gentiles) had already been barred by the Nuremberg Laws of 1933.[93]
The Extraordinary State Commission for the Establishment and Investigation of the Atrocities of the German Fascist Invaders and Their Accomplices and the Damage They Caused to Citizens, Collective Farms, Public Organizations, State Enterprises and Institutions of the USSR (ChGK) was the state commission of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War (better known as the Eastern Front of World War II. The commission was formed by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on November 2, 1942.
The decree stipulated that the task of the ChGK was to “take full account of the villainous crimes of the Nazis and the damage they caused to Soviet citizens and the socialist state, to establish the identity of the German fascist criminals with the aim of bringing them to trial and severe punishment; unification and coordination of the work already carried out by the Soviet state bodies in this area. "
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraordinary_State_Commission
Phosgene is the organic chemical compound with the formula COCl2. It is a colorless gas; in low concentrations, its odor resembles that of freshly cut hay or grass.[7] Phosgene is a valued industrial building block, especially for the production of precursors of polyurethanes and polycarbonate plastics.
Phosgene is very poisonous and was used as a chemical weapon during World War I, where it was responsible for 85,000 deaths.
In addition to its industrial production, small amounts occur from the breakdown and the combustion of organochlorine compounds.[8]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosgene
A gas van or gas wagon (Russian: душегубка, dushegubka, literally "soul killer"; German: Gaswagen) was a truck reequipped as a mobile gas chamber. During World War II and the Holocaust, Nazi Germany developed and used gas vans on a large scale as an extermination method to murder inmates of asylums, Poles, Romani people, Jews, and prisoners in occupied Poland, Belarus, Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and other regions of German-occupied Europe.[2][3]During the Great Purge, Soviet NKVD used gas vans for killing prisoners.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_van
WHERE TO PUT MISTER ET AL ETC.
Sobibor Extermination camp
Sobibor extermination camp, summer 1943
Location of Sobibor within PolandShow map of PolandShow map of EuropeShow all
Coordinates
51°26′50″N 23°35′37″ECoordinates: 51°26′50″N 23°35′37″EOther namesSS-Sonderkommando SobiborKnown forGenocide during the HolocaustLocationNear Sobibór, General Government (occupied Poland)Built by
Richard Thomalla (camp)
Erwin Lambert (gas chambers)
Commandant
Franz Stangl (28 April 1942 – 30 August 1942)
Franz Reichleitner (1 September 1942 – 17 October 1943)
OperationalMay 1942 – 14 October 1943[1]InmatesJews, mainly from Poland
Sobibor (/ˈsoʊbɪbɔːr/, Polish: [sɔˈbibur]) was an extermination camp built and operated by Nazi Germany as part of Operation Reinhard. It was located in the forest near the village of Sobibór in the General Government region of German-occupied Poland.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobibor_extermination_camp
The last antebellum census in Hungary, 1910. The four counties of Hungary that covered the territory now known as Carpathian Ruthenia were Ung, Bereg, Ugocsa and Máramaros.
Ugocsa and Máramaros counties were split between Czechoslovakia and Romania in 1920 after the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, who lost in WWI. Hungary annexed their northern parts from the short lived Ruthenian state of Carpatho-Ukraine in 1939, and their southern parts from Romania in 1940. The northern parts now belong to Ukraine as a successor state to the Soviet Union.
Ung and Bereg were part of Czechoslovakia after 1920, except a small part of Bereg that stayed with Hungary. Hungary annexed their lower or southern parts from Czechoslovakia in 1938, and their upper or northern parts from the Ruthenian state in 1939.[2]
Czechoslovakia[edit]
In 1921, about 27% of the Jews of Subcarpathian Rus lived from agriculture, making it the highest percentage of Jewish peasantry in all of Europe. In the 1921 and 1930 censuses, 87 and 93 percent respectively of all Subcarpathian Jews considered themselves to be Jews by nationality. It was, therefore, the least assimilated, Yiddish-speaking group in Czechoslovakia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Carpathian_Ruthenia#Czechoslovakia
According to Vilkis, some of the prisoners grew ill or went mad from the experience, and Nazi guards killed them as a warning to the rest. Three to five prisoners were shot each day.[6]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrets_concentration_camp
KOTR
EUROPE JEWS HIDING IN UKR, YUGOSL, SERB, BELARUS, BULG, HUNGARY, TURKEY, etc..
Notable Jews[edit]
Main article: List of Ukrainian Jews
Ukrainian Jews[edit]
Vladimir Drinfeld
Isaak Babel
Eduard Bagritsky
Hayim Nahman Bialik
Moysey Fishbein
German Khan
Golda Meir
Mikhail Fridman
Ihor Kolomoyskyi
Semion Mogilevich
Viktor Pinchuk
Ihor Surkis
Leon Trotsky
Lazar Kaganovich
Mikhail Turovsky
Viktor Vekselberg
Andriy Voronin
Volodymyr Zelensky
Ukrainian-born American Jews[edit]
Maksim Chmerkovskiy
Valentin Chmerkovskiy
Mila Kunis
Len Blavatnik
Max Levchin
Lenny Krayzelburg
Mike Mazurki
Dmitry Salita
Sholom Secunda
Al Sherman
Isaac Stern
Mikhail Turovsky
Jan Koum
Alexander Vindman
Lev Parnas
Paul Wellstone
Ukrainian-descended American Jews[edit]
Judith Resnik
Sheldon Adelson
Darren Aronofsky
Roseanne Barr
Leonard Bernstein
Bruce Blakeman
Mel Brooks
Noam Chomsky
Mickey Cohen
David Copperfield
Jim Drucker
Bob Dylan
Erving Goffman
Jesse Eisenberg
Irvin Kershner
Leonard Nimoy
Carl Sagan
Richard M. Sherman
Robert B. Sherman
Jon Stewart
Steven Spielberg
Peter Yarrow
David Geffen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ukraine#Bolsheviks/USSR_consolidation_of_power
Wooden synagogues are an original style of Synagogue architecture that developed in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.[1][2] The style developed between the mid-sixteenth and mid-seventeenth centuries, a period of peace and prosperity for the Polish-Lithuanian Jewish community. While many were destroyed during the First and Second World Wars, there are some that survive today.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wooden_synagogues_in_the_Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth
Heinrich Müller (28 April 1900; date of death unknown, but evidence points to May 1945)[1][2] was a high-ranking German Schutzstaffel (SS) and police official during the Nazi era. For the majority of World War II in Europe, he was the chief of the Gestapo, the secret state police of Nazi Germany.
He was last seen in the Führerbunker in Berlin on 1 May 1945 and remains the most senior figure of the Nazi regime who was never captured or confirmed to have died.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Müller_(Gestapo)
In January 1942, he attended the Wannsee Conference at which Heydrich briefed senior officials from a number of government departments of the extermination plan, and at which Eichmann took the minutes.[58] Once the conference concluded, Müller, Heydrich, and Eichmann remained afterwards for additional "informal chats".[59][d] Just a couple months later in March 1942, Jews were already being systematically killed in gas vans at Chelmno and Belzec while construction was underway at Birkenau and Sobibor.[61]Again, Müller sent Eichmann to relate his findings about the killing operations taking place at Chelmno; when Eichmann returned this time, he reported to Müller that the scene was "horrible" and added it was "an indescribable inferno."[62] When the first denunciations of the mass murder being carried-out by the Germans hit the Allied press during the autumn and winter of 1942, Himmler instructed Müller to ensure "all the bodies were either buried or burned."[63]
Enforcement and administration of Nazi "racial-hygiene" policies were also within the purview of Müller's responsibilities, as a special letter he sent from Berlin to all Gestapo offices on 10 March 1942 reveals; the letter contained instructions concerning the relationship between German women and Polish civilians or prisoners-of-war who were conscripted as labor during the war, particularly in cases related to pregnancy.[64] If both parties proved "racially acceptable" and the Polish man wanted to marry the woman, the pregnancy and relationship was allowed without punitive consequences, provided the RSHA approved after photographic evaluation of both parties and subsequent "Germanization" of the Pole occurred. For cases where one or more parties was deemed racially unfit, the Polish male would receive "special handling", an obvious Nazi euphemism for a death-sentence.[65]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Müller_(Gestapo)
On 27 May 1942, Reinhard Heydrich – the commander of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), acting governor of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and a principal architect of the Holocaust[1] – was attacked and wounded in an assassination attempt in Prague by Czechoslovak resistance operatives Jozef Gabčík and Jan Kubiš.[2] He died of the injuries sustained on 4 June 1942.[3] Heydrich was one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and an important figure in the rise of Adolf Hitler.
The assassination, codenamed Operation Anthropoid, was carried out by soldiers of the Czechoslovak army-in-exile after preparation and training by the British Special Operations Executive and with the approval of the Czechoslovak government-in-exile led by Edvard Beneš. The Czechoslovaks undertook the operation to help confer legitimacy on the government-in-exile, as well as for retribution for Heydrich's brutal rule.[4] This was the only government-sponsored assassination of a senior Nazi leader during the Second World War. Heydrich's death led to a wave of reprisals by SStroops, including the destruction of villages and the mass killing of civilians.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Reinhard_Heydrich
Wilhelm Franz Canaris (1 January 1887 – 9 April 1945) was a German admiral and chief of the Abwehr, the German military intelligence service, from 1935 to 1944. He was initially a supporter of Adolf Hitler but by 1939 had turned against the regime.
During the Second World War, he was among the military officers involved in the clandestine opposition to the leadership of Nazi Germany. He was executed in Flossenbürg concentration camp for high treason as the regime was collapsing.
In the spring of 1924, Canaris was sent to Osaka, Japan, to supervise a secret U-boat construction program in direct violation of the Treaty of Versailles.[17] When that project was shelved by Vice Admiral Adolf Zenker in favour of a more co-operative relationship with the British, Canaris began making deals. Aided by the son of a powerful German shipping magnate, Captain Walter Lohmann, they negotiated with Spanish merchants, German industrialists, some Argentinian venture capitalists and the Spanish Navy so the Germans could continue their clandestine naval activities.[18]
Ritter, who had lived in the United States for twelve years, was given primary authority over Abwehr agents operating in the Americas and Britain.[62] Canaris instructed Ritter to contact a former spymaster living in New York whom he knew from the First World War, Fritz Joubert Duquesne.[63] Back in 1931, Ritter had met Duquesne in New York, and both spies reconnected in New York on 3 December 1937.[63] Ritter also met with Herman W. Lang, a spy who operated under the code name PAUL.[64]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Canaris
The Imperial German Navy is the common English term for the Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) of the German Empire. It existed between 1871 and 1919, growing out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which primarily had the mission of coastal defence. Kaiser Wilhelm II greatly expanded the navy, and enlarged its mission. The key leader was Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, who greatly expanded the size and quality of the navy, while adopting the sea power theories of American strategist Alfred Thayer Mahan. The result was a naval arms race with Britain as the German navy grew to become one of the greatest maritime forces in the world, second only to the Royal Navy. The German surface navy proved ineffective during World War I; its only major engagement, the Battle of Jutland, was a draw, but it kept the surface fleet largely in port for the rest of the war.[1] However, the submarine fleet was greatly expanded and posed a major threat to the British supply system. The Imperial Navy's main ships were turned over to the Allies, but were scuttled at Scapa Flow in 1919 by German crews.
All ships of the Imperial Navy were designated SMS, for Seiner Majestät Schiff (His Majesty's Ship).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_German_Navy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandros_Mavrokordatos
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannis_Kapodistrias
The Norden Mk. XV, known as the Norden M series in U.S. Army service, is a bombsight that was used by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) and the United States Navy during World War II, and the United States Air Force in the Korean and the Vietnam Wars. It was an early tachometric design that directly measured the aircraft's ground speed and direction, which older bombsights could only estimate with lengthy manual procedures. The Norden further improved on older designs by using an analog computer that continuously recalculated the bomb's impact point based on changing flight conditions, and an autopilot that reacted quickly and accurately to changes in the wind or other effects.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norden_bombsight
The Pappenheimer Case centered around a family who were tried and executed for witchcraft in 1600 in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. The family were executed, along with accomplices they were forced to name under torture, after a show trial as scapegoats for a number of unsolved crimes committed years back in a display of extreme torture intended to given a public example deterring the public from crime.[1] The witch trial resulted in the death of twelve people: four of the Pappenheimer family and two of their accused accomplices in the first trial, followed by the remaining member of the family and five other accomplices in the second trial.[1] The trial was of one of the most well-publicized witch trials in German history.[2]
At this time, the government in Bavaria conducted a campaign against vagrants and criminals. There had been many crimes committed by vagrants, whom the government had been unable to arrest.
An arrested thief pointed out the two adult sons of the family, Michel and Gumpprecht, as his accomplices in the murder of pregnant women, and denounced the whole family as robbers and murderers prior to his execution.[2] Witchcraft was a crime in which could include many other crimes, which made it useful as a general charge in a show trial toward scapegoats. The family appear to have been subjected to a show trial and meant to be made an example of, and "As many as possible of the unsolved crimes of the past few years were to be put down to the account of the accused."[1] The local officials of the Danubian provinces of Bavaria were informed to look out for the family.
In February 1600, the family was arrested and imprisoned in Altmannstein under the custody of prefect Alexander von Haslang zu Haslangsreut, Grosshausen und Reid. They were arrested in the middle of the night, taken from their beds and taken to jail. Initially, only the adults of the family was arrested and the ten-year-old Hansel was left with their landlord, who shortly after brought him to his parents in jail, not knowing what else to do with him.[2]
They were tortured to confess a great number of crimes. Among them were the confession that they had murdered pregnant women to secure the hands of their unborn children for use in witchcraft.
It appears that the Duke's government wished to make an example of the family in a period of many vagrant crimes, which the government had been unable to solve.[2]Witchcraft was a crime in which could include many other crimes, which made it useful as a general charge in a show trial toward scapegoats. The Pappenheimers appear to have been subjected to a show trial and meant to be made an example of, and "As many as possible of the unsolved crimes of the past few years were to be put down to the account of the accused."[1]
Hansel was tortured first because he, as a child, was expected to break first.[2] They were tortured by the strappado, squassation, rope burns, and torch burnings while Hansel, as a child, was beaten with a cane.[1]
Initially, they denied the charges, but they were exposed to torture so fierce that all but Hansel confessed to anything of which they were accused. They confessed to have had sexual intercourse with the Devil and to have made a pact with him, promising to aid him in exchange for money and possessions.[1] They made the pact by giving the Devil hair from the left side of their head, their armpit and their private parts as well as a piece of nail from the big toe of their left foot and "powder of children's hands."[1] The Devil then scratched them on their left side, drawing blood, "which he collected in a little box; took out a sheet of paper, which he placed on his knee; and put a pen into" their hand for them to sign.[1] Because they were illiterate, he guided their hands as they wrote. "Then he wrapped up in the paper all the things that" they "had given him, and took them with him".[1]
Computers
The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. The result was the Relay Interpolator, later called the Bell Labs Model II. The Relay Interpolator used 440 relays, and since it was programmable by paper tape, was used for other applications following the war.
https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/1943/
The Harlem Riots of 1943 ignited when false rumors spread about a cop fatally shooting a black soldier during a dalliance at hot-sheets motel
By DAVID J. KRAJICEK
NEW YORK DAILY NEWS |
MAY 09, 2015 AT 9:53 PM
https://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/harlem-riots-1943-echo-today-article-1.2216788
https://13thdimension.com/1943s-batman-serial-the-highs-and-lows-of-the-dynamic-duos-screen-debut/
https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/war-leader/1943-1945/
https://aboutholocaust.org/en/facts/who-was-szmul-zygielbojm-and-why-did-he-commit-suicide-in-1943
https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/pa1096960
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943_in_the_United_States
https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/pa1058141
https://www.filmfestival.nl/en/archive/pastorale-1943-1/
https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/the-bombing-campaign-of-world-war-two/the-bombing-of-hamburg-in-1943/
https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-april-19-2021-1.5992940/how-jewish-women-fought-back-against-the-nazis-during-a-1943-uprising-in-poland-1.5993207
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3621391/The-Warsaw-women-who-took-on-Hitler.html
--------------
MISTER TYPE 1900s-1943-2021-Persistent degenerative progressive deprecatory
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3621391/The-Warsaw-women-who-took-on-Hitler.html
https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-april-19-2021-1.5992940/how-jewish-women-fought-back-against-the-nazis-during-a-1943-uprising-in-poland-1.5993207
Primarily young Jews between the ages of 16 and 25 had come together to form underground militias. Many of them had been part of youth movements before the war as well, Batalion said.
Niuta Teitelbaum as a schoolgirl in Lodz, Poland, in 1936. During the war, she became known as “Little Wanda with the Braids.” (Courtesy of Ghetto Fighters’ House Museum, Photo Archive)
https://i.cbc.ca/1.5994619.1618934041!/fileImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/original_1180/niuta-teitelbaum.jpg
https://polin.pl/en/women-warsaw-ghetto-uprising
Jew: https://www.flickr.com/photos/24132168@N05/4536058960
Chris Rooney Relative: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/26/mussolini-loses-grip-on-italy-archive-1943
Benito Mussolini (1883-1945).
Photograph: Popperfoto/Getty Images
Rooney & Misters Race etc. et al.
THIS DAY IN HISTORY
April 19, 1943: Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Began
Time Periods: Prosperity, Depression, & World War II: 1920 - 1944
Themes: Wars & Related Anti-War Movements, World History/Global Studies
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/warsaw-ghetto-uprising
https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/1946/
1940 fashion: https://glamourdaze.com/history-of-womens-fashion/1940-to-1949
-----------
U-848 under attack from a very low flying aircraft. The submarine was intercepted on 5 November 1943, off the coast of Brazil, by the US Navy aircraft from VB-107. She was depth charged by 3 PB4Y-1 Liberators. All 63 hands were lost. Colour by Nathan Howland (@ HowdiColourWorks)
https://www.reddit.com/r/wwiipics/comments/j80fun/12_year_old_alfred_zech_after_being_awarded_the/
12 year old Alfred Zech after being awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class by Hitler. Zech had used his father's farm cart to rescue 8 wounded soldiers pinned down by Soviet fire. He died in 2011 at the age of 78.
https://www.reddit.com/r/wwiipics/comments/j80fun/12_year_old_alfred_zech_after_being_awarded_the/
==========
https://glamourdaze.com/2017/12/1940s-coat-styles-from-1943-to-1945.html
https://www.moma.org/calendar/events/4153
https://pixels.com/featured/lassie-come-home-1943--album.html
https://store.woodyguthrie.org/products/new-years-rulins
https://twitter.com/aagpbl/status/996673421907038208?lang=sk
https://baseballhall.org/discover/1943-aagpbl-all-star-game-played-under-lights-at-wrigley-field
https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/tanning-eine-kleine-nachtmusik-t07346
https://milenaolesinska77.medium.com/modernsurrealism-dorothea-tanning-e63ff14c2eb1
https://narrativepainting.net/?p=247
https://history.howstuffworks.com/world-war-ii/allies-bomb-northern-nazi-germany.htm
https://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/about/history/company/1933-1945.html
https://www.onthisday.com/events/date/1943
https://www.fridakahlo.org/self-portrait-with-monkeys.jsp
https://alchetron.com/Greek-Resistance
https://twitter.com/harrybucknall/status/1128238695042121728
https://www.agefotostock.com/age/en/details-photo/greek-guerrillas-of-elas-greek-people-s-liberation-army/POH-ARP17A29_359
https://history.howstuffworks.com/world-war-ii/allies-bomb-northern-nazi-germany.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoot_suit
https://www.alamy.com/marshal-pietro-badoglio-1st-duke-of-addis-abeba-1st-marquess-of-sabotino-1871-1956-was-an-italian-general-during-both-world-wars-and-the-first-image335677406.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_1943
Born:
J. T. Walsh, American character actor, in San Francisco (d. 1998)
The German Armed Forces command issued a public decree for the removal from service of anyone classified as a ""Mischling of the First Degree", a person who had two Jewish, or otherwise non-Aryan, grandparents. Mixed marriages (between Jews and Gentiles) had already been barred by the Nuremberg Laws of 1933.[93]
The Extraordinary State Commission for the Establishment and Investigation of the Atrocities of the German Fascist Invaders and Their Accomplices and the Damage They Caused to Citizens, Collective Farms, Public Organizations, State Enterprises and Institutions of the USSR (ChGK) was the state commission of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War (better known as the Eastern Front of World War II. The commission was formed by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on November 2, 1942.
The decree stipulated that the task of the ChGK was to “take full account of the villainous crimes of the Nazis and the damage they caused to Soviet citizens and the socialist state, to establish the identity of the German fascist criminals with the aim of bringing them to trial and severe punishment; unification and coordination of the work already carried out by the Soviet state bodies in this area. "
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraordinary_State_Commission
Phosgene is the organic chemical compound with the formula COCl2. It is a colorless gas; in low concentrations, its odor resembles that of freshly cut hay or grass.[7] Phosgene is a valued industrial building block, especially for the production of precursors of polyurethanes and polycarbonate plastics.
Phosgene is very poisonous and was used as a chemical weapon during World War I, where it was responsible for 85,000 deaths.
In addition to its industrial production, small amounts occur from the breakdown and the combustion of organochlorine compounds.[8]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosgene
A gas van or gas wagon (Russian: душегубка, dushegubka, literally "soul killer"; German: Gaswagen) was a truck reequipped as a mobile gas chamber. During World War II and the Holocaust, Nazi Germany developed and used gas vans on a large scale as an extermination method to murder inmates of asylums, Poles, Romani people, Jews, and prisoners in occupied Poland, Belarus, Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and other regions of German-occupied Europe.[2][3]During the Great Purge, Soviet NKVD used gas vans for killing prisoners.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_van
WHERE TO PUT MISTER ET AL ETC.
Sobibor Extermination camp
Sobibor extermination camp, summer 1943
Location of Sobibor within PolandShow map of PolandShow map of EuropeShow all
Coordinates
51°26′50″N 23°35′37″ECoordinates: 51°26′50″N 23°35′37″EOther namesSS-Sonderkommando SobiborKnown forGenocide during the HolocaustLocationNear Sobibór, General Government (occupied Poland)Built byRichard Thomalla (camp)
Erwin Lambert (gas chambers)
Commandant
Franz Stangl (28 April 1942 – 30 August 1942)
Franz Reichleitner (1 September 1942 – 17 October 1943)
OperationalMay 1942 – 14 October 1943[1]InmatesJews, mainly from Poland
Sobibor (/ˈsoʊbɪbɔːr/, Polish: [sɔˈbibur]) was an extermination camp built and operated by Nazi Germany as part of Operation Reinhard. It was located in the forest near the village of Sobibór in the General Government region of German-occupied Poland.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobibor_extermination_camp
The last antebellum census in Hungary, 1910. The four counties of Hungary that covered the territory now known as Carpathian Ruthenia were Ung, Bereg, Ugocsa and Máramaros.
Ugocsa and Máramaros counties were split between Czechoslovakia and Romania in 1920 after the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, who lost in WWI. Hungary annexed their northern parts from the short lived Ruthenian state of Carpatho-Ukraine in 1939, and their southern parts from Romania in 1940. The northern parts now belong to Ukraine as a successor state to the Soviet Union.
Ung and Bereg were part of Czechoslovakia after 1920, except a small part of Bereg that stayed with Hungary. Hungary annexed their lower or southern parts from Czechoslovakia in 1938, and their upper or northern parts from the Ruthenian state in 1939.[2]
Czechoslovakia[edit]
In 1921, about 27% of the Jews of Subcarpathian Rus lived from agriculture, making it the highest percentage of Jewish peasantry in all of Europe. In the 1921 and 1930 censuses, 87 and 93 percent respectively of all Subcarpathian Jews considered themselves to be Jews by nationality. It was, therefore, the least assimilated, Yiddish-speaking group in Czechoslovakia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Carpathian_Ruthenia#Czechoslovakia
According to Vilkis, some of the prisoners grew ill or went mad from the experience, and Nazi guards killed them as a warning to the rest. Three to five prisoners were shot each day.[6]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrets_concentration_camp
KOTR
EUROPE JEWS HIDING IN UKR, YUGOSL, SERB, BELARUS, BULG, HUNGARY, TURKEY, etc..
Notable Jews[edit]
Main article: List of Ukrainian Jews
Ukrainian Jews[edit]
Vladimir Drinfeld
Isaak Babel
Eduard Bagritsky
Hayim Nahman Bialik
Moysey Fishbein
German Khan
Golda Meir
Mikhail Fridman
Ihor Kolomoyskyi
Semion Mogilevich
Viktor Pinchuk
Ihor Surkis
Leon Trotsky
Lazar Kaganovich
Mikhail Turovsky
Viktor Vekselberg
Andriy Voronin
Volodymyr Zelensky
Ukrainian-born American Jews[edit]
Maksim Chmerkovskiy
Valentin Chmerkovskiy
Mila Kunis
Len Blavatnik
Max Levchin
Lenny Krayzelburg
Mike Mazurki
Dmitry Salita
Sholom Secunda
Al Sherman
Isaac Stern
Mikhail Turovsky
Jan Koum
Alexander Vindman
Lev Parnas
Paul Wellstone
Ukrainian-descended American Jews[edit]
Judith Resnik
Sheldon Adelson
Darren Aronofsky
Roseanne Barr
Leonard Bernstein
Bruce Blakeman
Mel Brooks
Noam Chomsky
Mickey Cohen
David Copperfield
Jim Drucker
Bob Dylan
Erving Goffman
Jesse Eisenberg
Irvin Kershner
Leonard Nimoy
Carl Sagan
Richard M. Sherman
Robert B. Sherman
Jon Stewart
Steven Spielberg
Peter Yarrow
David Geffen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ukraine#Bolsheviks/USSR_consolidation_of_power
Wooden synagogues are an original style of Synagogue architecture that developed in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.[1][2] The style developed between the mid-sixteenth and mid-seventeenth centuries, a period of peace and prosperity for the Polish-Lithuanian Jewish community. While many were destroyed during the First and Second World Wars, there are some that survive today.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wooden_synagogues_in_the_Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth
Heinrich Müller (28 April 1900; date of death unknown, but evidence points to May 1945)[1][2] was a high-ranking German Schutzstaffel (SS) and police official during the Nazi era. For the majority of World War II in Europe, he was the chief of the Gestapo, the secret state police of Nazi Germany.
He was last seen in the Führerbunker in Berlin on 1 May 1945 and remains the most senior figure of the Nazi regime who was never captured or confirmed to have died.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Müller_(Gestapo)
In January 1942, he attended the Wannsee Conference at which Heydrich briefed senior officials from a number of government departments of the extermination plan, and at which Eichmann took the minutes.[58] Once the conference concluded, Müller, Heydrich, and Eichmann remained afterwards for additional "informal chats".[59][d] Just a couple months later in March 1942, Jews were already being systematically killed in gas vans at Chelmno and Belzec while construction was underway at Birkenau and Sobibor.[61]Again, Müller sent Eichmann to relate his findings about the killing operations taking place at Chelmno; when Eichmann returned this time, he reported to Müller that the scene was "horrible" and added it was "an indescribable inferno."[62] When the first denunciations of the mass murder being carried-out by the Germans hit the Allied press during the autumn and winter of 1942, Himmler instructed Müller to ensure "all the bodies were either buried or burned."[63]
Enforcement and administration of Nazi "racial-hygiene" policies were also within the purview of Müller's responsibilities, as a special letter he sent from Berlin to all Gestapo offices on 10 March 1942 reveals; the letter contained instructions concerning the relationship between German women and Polish civilians or prisoners-of-war who were conscripted as labor during the war, particularly in cases related to pregnancy.[64] If both parties proved "racially acceptable" and the Polish man wanted to marry the woman, the pregnancy and relationship was allowed without punitive consequences, provided the RSHA approved after photographic evaluation of both parties and subsequent "Germanization" of the Pole occurred. For cases where one or more parties was deemed racially unfit, the Polish male would receive "special handling", an obvious Nazi euphemism for a death-sentence.[65]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Müller_(Gestapo)
On 27 May 1942, Reinhard Heydrich – the commander of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), acting governor of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and a principal architect of the Holocaust[1] – was attacked and wounded in an assassination attempt in Prague by Czechoslovak resistance operatives Jozef Gabčík and Jan Kubiš.[2] He died of the injuries sustained on 4 June 1942.[3] Heydrich was one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and an important figure in the rise of Adolf Hitler.
The assassination, codenamed Operation Anthropoid, was carried out by soldiers of the Czechoslovak army-in-exile after preparation and training by the British Special Operations Executive and with the approval of the Czechoslovak government-in-exile led by Edvard Beneš. The Czechoslovaks undertook the operation to help confer legitimacy on the government-in-exile, as well as for retribution for Heydrich's brutal rule.[4] This was the only government-sponsored assassination of a senior Nazi leader during the Second World War. Heydrich's death led to a wave of reprisals by SStroops, including the destruction of villages and the mass killing of civilians.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Reinhard_Heydrich
Wilhelm Franz Canaris (1 January 1887 – 9 April 1945) was a German admiral and chief of the Abwehr, the German military intelligence service, from 1935 to 1944. He was initially a supporter of Adolf Hitler but by 1939 had turned against the regime.
During the Second World War, he was among the military officers involved in the clandestine opposition to the leadership of Nazi Germany. He was executed in Flossenbürg concentration camp for high treason as the regime was collapsing.
In the spring of 1924, Canaris was sent to Osaka, Japan, to supervise a secret U-boat construction program in direct violation of the Treaty of Versailles.[17] When that project was shelved by Vice Admiral Adolf Zenker in favour of a more co-operative relationship with the British, Canaris began making deals. Aided by the son of a powerful German shipping magnate, Captain Walter Lohmann, they negotiated with Spanish merchants, German industrialists, some Argentinian venture capitalists and the Spanish Navy so the Germans could continue their clandestine naval activities.[18]
Ritter, who had lived in the United States for twelve years, was given primary authority over Abwehr agents operating in the Americas and Britain.[62] Canaris instructed Ritter to contact a former spymaster living in New York whom he knew from the First World War, Fritz Joubert Duquesne.[63] Back in 1931, Ritter had met Duquesne in New York, and both spies reconnected in New York on 3 December 1937.[63] Ritter also met with Herman W. Lang, a spy who operated under the code name PAUL.[64]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Canaris
The Imperial German Navy is the common English term for the Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) of the German Empire. It existed between 1871 and 1919, growing out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which primarily had the mission of coastal defence. Kaiser Wilhelm II greatly expanded the navy, and enlarged its mission. The key leader was Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, who greatly expanded the size and quality of the navy, while adopting the sea power theories of American strategist Alfred Thayer Mahan. The result was a naval arms race with Britain as the German navy grew to become one of the greatest maritime forces in the world, second only to the Royal Navy. The German surface navy proved ineffective during World War I; its only major engagement, the Battle of Jutland, was a draw, but it kept the surface fleet largely in port for the rest of the war.[1] However, the submarine fleet was greatly expanded and posed a major threat to the British supply system. The Imperial Navy's main ships were turned over to the Allies, but were scuttled at Scapa Flow in 1919 by German crews.
All ships of the Imperial Navy were designated SMS, for Seiner Majestät Schiff (His Majesty's Ship).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_German_Navy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandros_Mavrokordatos
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannis_Kapodistrias
The Norden Mk. XV, known as the Norden M series in U.S. Army service, is a bombsight that was used by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) and the United States Navy during World War II, and the United States Air Force in the Korean and the Vietnam Wars. It was an early tachometric design that directly measured the aircraft's ground speed and direction, which older bombsights could only estimate with lengthy manual procedures. The Norden further improved on older designs by using an analog computer that continuously recalculated the bomb's impact point based on changing flight conditions, and an autopilot that reacted quickly and accurately to changes in the wind or other effects.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norden_bombsight
The Pappenheimer Case centered around a family who were tried and executed for witchcraft in 1600 in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. The family were executed, along with accomplices they were forced to name under torture, after a show trial as scapegoats for a number of unsolved crimes committed years back in a display of extreme torture intended to given a public example deterring the public from crime.[1] The witch trial resulted in the death of twelve people: four of the Pappenheimer family and two of their accused accomplices in the first trial, followed by the remaining member of the family and five other accomplices in the second trial.[1] The trial was of one of the most well-publicized witch trials in German history.[2]
At this time, the government in Bavaria conducted a campaign against vagrants and criminals. There had been many crimes committed by vagrants, whom the government had been unable to arrest.
An arrested thief pointed out the two adult sons of the family, Michel and Gumpprecht, as his accomplices in the murder of pregnant women, and denounced the whole family as robbers and murderers prior to his execution.[2] Witchcraft was a crime in which could include many other crimes, which made it useful as a general charge in a show trial toward scapegoats. The family appear to have been subjected to a show trial and meant to be made an example of, and "As many as possible of the unsolved crimes of the past few years were to be put down to the account of the accused."[1] The local officials of the Danubian provinces of Bavaria were informed to look out for the family.
In February 1600, the family was arrested and imprisoned in Altmannstein under the custody of prefect Alexander von Haslang zu Haslangsreut, Grosshausen und Reid. They were arrested in the middle of the night, taken from their beds and taken to jail. Initially, only the adults of the family was arrested and the ten-year-old Hansel was left with their landlord, who shortly after brought him to his parents in jail, not knowing what else to do with him.[2]
They were tortured to confess a great number of crimes. Among them were the confession that they had murdered pregnant women to secure the hands of their unborn children for use in witchcraft.
It appears that the Duke's government wished to make an example of the family in a period of many vagrant crimes, which the government had been unable to solve.[2]Witchcraft was a crime in which could include many other crimes, which made it useful as a general charge in a show trial toward scapegoats. The Pappenheimers appear to have been subjected to a show trial and meant to be made an example of, and "As many as possible of the unsolved crimes of the past few years were to be put down to the account of the accused."[1]
Hansel was tortured first because he, as a child, was expected to break first.[2] They were tortured by the strappado, squassation, rope burns, and torch burnings while Hansel, as a child, was beaten with a cane.[1]
Initially, they denied the charges, but they were exposed to torture so fierce that all but Hansel confessed to anything of which they were accused. They confessed to have had sexual intercourse with the Devil and to have made a pact with him, promising to aid him in exchange for money and possessions.[1] They made the pact by giving the Devil hair from the left side of their head, their armpit and their private parts as well as a piece of nail from the big toe of their left foot and "powder of children's hands."[1] The Devil then scratched them on their left side, drawing blood, "which he collected in a little box; took out a sheet of paper, which he placed on his knee; and put a pen into" their hand for them to sign.[1] Because they were illiterate, he guided their hands as they wrote. "Then he wrapped up in the paper all the things that" they "had given him, and took them with him".[1]
Advisory of Precaution: Family May Not Be Knowing from description remaining alone (further information in particular general case may be disadvantageous and may facilitate misunderstanding). Family story may have been prepared by prosecutor before torture. Any description or story may transpire from any torture; story transpired from torture of self account of crime is usually fictitious/etc. with no further information (necessary/etc.); torture is not effective when violent/etc. to obtain actual account; incrimination, pathologization (including inflictation, psychopathologization/pathologization, to cause disease, to call disease, etc.), criminalization (e.g. force crime, set up crime, facilitated crime/ushered crime/false crime/(victim framed crime) situation, unconditional crime situation, unknowing crime situation, certain crime situation, predictable crime situ, law change situation, etc.), etc. tactics are not effective to obtain actual account; amnestic drug (pharm-tech) event account may be unpredictable/unreliable/inaccurate/imprecise/etc. (may be timing requirements, conditions, environment, etc.) - due confounds unaddressed, priming, psychological warefare, rules of engagement, societal rules, expectations/beliefs/values/etc. and resource/etc., bodies, presences, surveillance, people, society, contracts/agreements/etc., rules/order/sequence/etc., agglomerate of persons not intended to presence at location time, persons moved and grouped enmasse, etc.; etc.. Amnestic drug event recall of singulars/groups/varieties/etc. is/are not improved by trigger or attempt to force memory reconstruction or guilt-emotion-plays (pathos/ethos/logos) or by logic/trying hard/analytics/reason/motivation by party/conditioning/etc. or by ethical considerations in practice/principle/etc. or etc. (the recall cannot be improved before/during/post-event where intoxicants were utilized to intoxicate or incapacitate person); the only memory capable to recall is the perfect event (supervised by FBI, no violence/crime/etc., eventual receipt of antagonist while waking, FBI briefing, etc.) - the perfect event to train persons to recognize a change does not improve/guarantee/etc. recall in DFA (drug facilitated assault). Various amnestic drug schemes may not permit any point for recall or escape or memory encoding/etc. or formation of schema or etc.. Recovery of memory may be facilitated by reactivation of nervous system channels (e.g. created during or shortly before assault); health/survival/restabilization/reequilibriation/etc. of minor developing neurons or minor neurons or neurons or etc.; or double system or etc., including various methods to double connect electric-nuclear-chemical-etc. signal substitute, etc.; or etc. (cannot effectively utilize extended/etc. methods without know, train, memory retain, etc.; cannot find methods without knowing before use of method; must be selectivity/control over methods used and by user (cannot be modulated/monitored/controlled/interference/etc. by second-party/etc.), etc.). Knowledge and semantic and event memory and location-ID/count is not sufficient to request account/etc. (including to be guilty of a crime or proper to shoulder accusation/request/responsibility/etc., etc.). This extends to fancy hyb-mems, btr-mem, encodetransformsignal, implants, no replay cam, etc..
MAN HUSBAND
Note 5.
MAN HUSBAND
Father either demented or has chosen crime knowing intending etc.. Has chosen crime (devouring victuals...drink; shameless, anything he may lay his hands on, etc.). Seen and Executed Violence; No respect for church/virtue/rule/law/order/sequence/etc.. Has prepared a framed story in advance to disguise actual crimes (broke into house...fourteen times - once a year for fourteen years old - chris walsh type). Crimes benefit father vice; with no virtue possessed. Father in denial and lies.
Semantic Memory (German told him to remember)[Positive] - Post-Event Description/Idea of Self: "Of Paulus Gämperl is was said that he had 'crippled and slain one hundred young children and ten old people by dint of vile sorcery.'
Episodic Memory (Memory of Event post-amnestic state induction where germans operated adventure/excursion/etc. and with no ID/face/etc. (may be not present (facilitation by distance w/ transmission) or may cloak etc. or may be present-unrecognizable-etc.)[Positive]: The crowd also heard how 'he had entered the cellars of innkeepers and other folk, shamelessly devouring such victuals and drink as he might lay his hands on.'
Count, Location ID, Predisposition/Contract/etc., Occurrance, Experience Acquisition/Practice, Opportunity Acquisition and Plans, Independent Plans, Dependency-Gang Collection & Deescalation (hand off)[Positive]: He had further confessed to having 'committed ten robberies from churches, violently slain forty-four persons by his hand alone, set fire to homes or barns eight times, broken into houses by night fourteen times, pillaging and robbing the tenants, robbed wayfarers on the highway five times, and committed four other thefts'" (Kunze 399).
WOMAN WIFE
Deranged fantasy of subjugation and concomitant non-existence/self-exoneration/etc.. Favor for a Leader (blame or imply leader or power or prettier/mauled (non sanctioned) or higher equity or etc.); Execution of Stolen Children/etc. (awareness of accountability count and incapacitation or intoxication; minces accountability no-count and action first to ensure no-count; convey or relay - relayed information or habit or tendency learned/acquired/etc. (multiple assault occasions; multiple druggings indicated) or attempt to assume position of another of higher order); (Woman 720/100=7.2; baby 0.2, three children, afertile. indication of possession of stolen children with knowing to avoid questioning feigns reality resorts to fantasy (denies fantasy/lies/arg/truth/etc. et j accus) and evidences dementia-derangement dementia derangement); crimes of great violence with only one kill per one hundred violences = dementia; delusions and crimes by choice know intend, etc..; Mother in a Scheme with family, Centerpiece operative/operant/operator/etc. not value/operand; Mother denies and lies:
Semantic Memory (German told him to remember)[Positive] - Post-Event Description/Idea of Self: "Of Paulus Gämperl is was said that he had 'crippled and slain one hundred young children and ten old people by dint of vile sorcery.'
Episodic Memory (Memory of Event post-amnestic state induction where germans operated adventure/excursion/etc. and with no ID/face/etc. (may be not present (facilitation by distance w/ transmission) or may cloak etc. or may be present-unrecognizable-etc.)[Positive]: The crowd also heard how 'he had entered the cellars of innkeepers and other folk, shamelessly devouring such victuals and drink as he might lay his hands on.'
Count, Location ID, Predisposition/Contract/etc., Occurrance, Experience Acquisition/Practice, Opportunity Acquisition and Plans, Independent Plans, Dependency-Gang Collection & Deescalation (hand off)[Positive]: He had further confessed to having 'committed ten robberies from churches, violently slain forty-four persons by his hand alone, set fire to homes or barns eight times, broken into houses by night fourteen times, pillaging and robbing the tenants, robbed wayfarers on the highway five times, and committed four other thefts'" (Kunze 399).
WOMAN WIFE
Deranged fantasy of subjugation and concomitant non-existence/self-exoneration/etc.. Favor for a Leader (blame or imply leader or power or prettier/mauled (non sanctioned) or higher equity or etc.); Execution of Stolen Children/etc. (awareness of accountability count and incapacitation or intoxication; minces accountability no-count and action first to ensure no-count; convey or relay - relayed information or habit or tendency learned/acquired/etc. (multiple assault occasions; multiple druggings indicated) or attempt to assume position of another of higher order); (Woman 720/100=7.2; baby 0.2, three children, afertile. indication of possession of stolen children with knowing to avoid questioning feigns reality resorts to fantasy (denies fantasy/lies/arg/truth/etc. et j accus) and evidences dementia-derangement dementia derangement); crimes of great violence with only one kill per one hundred violences = dementia; delusions and crimes by choice know intend, etc..; Mother in a Scheme with family, Centerpiece operative/operant/operator/etc. not value/operand; Mother denies and lies:
"In like manner, his wife...Anna Gämperl, being sixty years of age, has assailed one hundred infants and nineteen old people with her spells, crippling them and killing them in godless fashion; she has entered cellars on eight occasions, has committed one murder by her own hand, set fire twice to the homes of others, has caused four gales and hailstorms, and has poisoned meadows and afflicted cattle so often that she herself cannot tell the number" (Kunze 399).
SON
Blind Utilization by second or third party (easy contraction, no count/'without number', any means, etc.; Participant in many crimes by coincidence, knowledge of crime prior to committance, Father, etc.); son does not know intox well (father knows; eldest son may or may not know something, and may be a father; father AS vic of traffin= father is a victim, implicit father is elder son - not a reference to the household father; circ used as a cover only by household father who is knowing of cover/reality/stolen child/trafficker/victim/etc. and did not exonerate proper innocent - father of household enmeshed and used eldest son as fall/cover/etc. - eldest son not DLP does not speak house hold father's language genetically due double entendre appearance, and slipped-match):
"The elder of her two sons, called Gumpprecht,...has caused the death of thirty children and adults by means of sorcery: has entered cellars on twelve occasions, burgled and robbed nine churches, committed twenty-four murders, set fire to nine homes, broken in by night and robbed fold six times. He has four times committed highway robbery, poisoned and ruined fields and cattle without number, and caused strife between God-fearing spouses on four occasions" (Kunze 400).
SON II
Intoxicated, Fantastical, Mother, etc.. Son knows; intox poor (mother knows denies).
"The other, her son Jacob, aged twenty-one years, has slain sixty-five infants and five adults by sorcery, has ten times entered cellars, has committed five thefts from churches, has put to death and murdered thirty-three persons by his own hand, set five fires, broken in five times by night, committed four other thefts, caused ten gales and hailstorms, poisoned fields and beasts twenty-six times".[1]
ACCO
People non-existent req further invest or execution. Family may have worked out story of family in advance with committment, father appears to present himself as not involved. May be single recordtaker/etc.. family has implicit contract/pacting/etc..
They were also tortured to name accomplices, and implicated over four hundred other people, including people who did not appear to exist.[1] In the Summer of 1600, two more men were arrested as their accomplices: the farmer Ulrich Schülz and the tailor Georg Schmülz.[1]
LAST
SON
Blind Utilization by second or third party (easy contraction, no count/'without number', any means, etc.; Participant in many crimes by coincidence, knowledge of crime prior to committance, Father, etc.); son does not know intox well (father knows; eldest son may or may not know something, and may be a father; father AS vic of traffin= father is a victim, implicit father is elder son - not a reference to the household father; circ used as a cover only by household father who is knowing of cover/reality/stolen child/trafficker/victim/etc. and did not exonerate proper innocent - father of household enmeshed and used eldest son as fall/cover/etc. - eldest son not DLP does not speak house hold father's language genetically due double entendre appearance, and slipped-match):
"The elder of her two sons, called Gumpprecht,...has caused the death of thirty children and adults by means of sorcery: has entered cellars on twelve occasions, burgled and robbed nine churches, committed twenty-four murders, set fire to nine homes, broken in by night and robbed fold six times. He has four times committed highway robbery, poisoned and ruined fields and cattle without number, and caused strife between God-fearing spouses on four occasions" (Kunze 400).
SON II
Intoxicated, Fantastical, Mother, etc.. Son knows; intox poor (mother knows denies).
"The other, her son Jacob, aged twenty-one years, has slain sixty-five infants and five adults by sorcery, has ten times entered cellars, has committed five thefts from churches, has put to death and murdered thirty-three persons by his own hand, set five fires, broken in five times by night, committed four other thefts, caused ten gales and hailstorms, poisoned fields and beasts twenty-six times".[1]
ACCO
People non-existent req further invest or execution. Family may have worked out story of family in advance with committment, father appears to present himself as not involved. May be single recordtaker/etc.. family has implicit contract/pacting/etc..
They were also tortured to name accomplices, and implicated over four hundred other people, including people who did not appear to exist.[1] In the Summer of 1600, two more men were arrested as their accomplices: the farmer Ulrich Schülz and the tailor Georg Schmülz.[1]
LAST
Family inclined to traffick oldest son. may have stolen child. or stolen children from victims.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pappenheimer_witch_trial
Advisory of Precaution: Family May Not Be Knowing from description remaining alone. Family story may have been prepared by prosecutor before torture. Any description or story may transpire from any torture; story transpired from torture of self account of crime is usually fictitious/etc. with no further information; torture is not effective when violent/etc. to obtain actual account; incrimination, pathologization, criminalization, etc. tactics are not effective to obtain actual account; amnestic drug (pharm-tech) event account may be unpredictable/unreliable/inaccurate/imprecise/etc. (may be timing requirements, conditions, environment triggers, etc.) - due confounds unaddressed, priming, psychological warefare, rules of engagement, societal rules, expectations/beliefs/values/etc. and resource/etc., etc.; etc..
Note. Witch Trials/etc. should not be utilized/etc. to incriminate/persecute/frame/violence/sentence/involve/criminalize/pathologize/etc. witchcraft practitioners, witches, witch, healers, physicians, scientist, SS, biologist, fertility, youth, beauty, non-violence, immigrant, alchemists, magicians, theater, solitary persons, individuals, singles, widows, actual family (parents and direct line progeny), etc..
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pappenheimer_witch_trial
Advisory of Precaution: Family May Not Be Knowing from description remaining alone. Family story may have been prepared by prosecutor before torture. Any description or story may transpire from any torture; story transpired from torture of self account of crime is usually fictitious/etc. with no further information; torture is not effective when violent/etc. to obtain actual account; incrimination, pathologization, criminalization, etc. tactics are not effective to obtain actual account; amnestic drug (pharm-tech) event account may be unpredictable/unreliable/inaccurate/imprecise/etc. (may be timing requirements, conditions, environment triggers, etc.) - due confounds unaddressed, priming, psychological warefare, rules of engagement, societal rules, expectations/beliefs/values/etc. and resource/etc., etc.; etc..
Note. Witch Trials/etc. should not be utilized/etc. to incriminate/persecute/frame/violence/sentence/involve/criminalize/pathologize/etc. witchcraft practitioners, witches, witch, healers, physicians, scientist, SS, biologist, fertility, youth, beauty, non-violence, immigrant, alchemists, magicians, theater, solitary persons, individuals, singles, widows, actual family (parents and direct line progeny), etc..
Note 2. 1500 Amnestic drug present; brain transplant, cell work, brain pieceing, hybridization genetics, hybridization brain, animal brain attach, odd brain apparatus, electroing/neural tracing/neural growth mods/etc., genetic modification, chems, chem state matching, double connect, hydrocats/oxygen/emr/radiation/radioactive potas/potash/chlor/sulfs/nitros/etc., organ grow in lab, embryo alt growth mech, fertility ops, humanization, animalization, hybridization, etc..
Note 3. confessions acquired by torture, should be stepwise and may take long time without recovery/adaptation (cannot be re-exposed to society euthanize post tort). Cannot reside in public before/during/after/etc. torture; cannot be tortured in public on CL1 etc.; cannot be tort w record/audience/hearsay/comms/etc..
Note 4. Request do not use of presented/conjectured/etc. Pappenheimer type witch trials on witchcraft practitioners, witches, special spirits, healers, physicians, wise, etc.. Request to no use of family structure assigned to Pappenheimer family, conjectured herein, and on persons in association to discipline/field/domain/name/etc. of non-trafficking/non-violent/etc..
Note 5.
Witch trial Structure/Analytics/Arguments/etc. from Old Germany are utilized only to persecute/execute/etc. traffickers/stolen children/etc. (i.e. to execute the violent/menace/disease/deranged/dangerouspsyct/etc.); it is not permissible to witch the witch/switch the witch/etc..
08-07-2021-1403 - Plasmodium falciparum protazoe RBC infilt 876
Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans.[2] The parasite is transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito and causes the disease's most dangerous form, falciparum malaria. It is responsible for around 50% of all malaria cases.[3][4] P. falciparum is therefore regarded as the deadliest parasite in humans. It is also associated with the development of blood cancer (Burkitt's lymphoma) and is classified as Group 2A carcinogen.
The species originated from the malarial parasite Laverania found in gorillas, around 10,000 years ago.[5] Alphonse Laveran was the first to identify the parasite in 1880, and named it Oscillaria malariae. Ronald Ross discovered its transmission by mosquito in 1897. Giovanni Battista Grassi elucidated the complete transmission from a female anopheline mosquito to humans in 1898. In 1897, William H. Welch created the name Plasmodium falciparum, which ICZN formally adopted in 1954. P. falciparum assumes several different forms during its life cycle. The human-infective stage are sporozoites from the salivary gland of a mosquito. The sporozoites grow and multiply in the liver to become merozoites. These merozoites invade the erythrocytes (RBCs) to form trophozoites, schizonts and gametocytes, during which the symptoms of malaria are produced. In the mosquito, the gametocytes undergo sexual reproduction to a zygote, which turns into ookinete. Ookinete forms oocytes from which sporozoites are formed.
As of the World Health Organization World Malaria Report 2020, there were 229 million cases of malaria worldwide in 2019, resulting in an estimated 409,000 deaths. Nearly all malarial deaths are caused by P. falciparum, and 94% of such cases occur in Africa. Children under five years of age are most affected, accounting for 67% of the total deaths. In Sub-Saharan Africa, almost 100% of cases were due to P. falciparum, whereas in most other malarial countries, other, less virulent plasmodial species predominate.[6]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium_falciparum
08-07-2021-1359 - Steppe Murrain Stephanie M
Rinderpest (also cattle plague or steppe murrain) was an infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and many other speciesof even-toed ungulates, including gaurs, buffaloes, large antelope, deer, giraffes, wildebeests, and warthogs.[2] The disease was characterized by fever, oral erosions, diarrhea, lymphoid necrosis, and high mortality. Death rates during outbreaks were usually extremely high, approaching 100% in immunologically naïve populations.[3] Rinderpest was mainly transmitted by direct contact and by drinking contaminated water, although it could also be transmitted by air.[4] After a global eradication campaign since the mid-20th century, the last confirmed case of rinderpest was diagnosed in 2001.[5]
On 14 October 2010, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) announced that field activities in the decades-long, worldwide campaign to eradicate the disease were ending, paving the way for a formal declaration in June 2011 of the global eradication of rinderpest.[6] On 25 May 2011, the World Organisation for Animal Health announced the free status of the last eight countries not yet recognized (a total of 198 countries were now free of the disease), officially declaring the eradication of the disease.[7] In June 2011, the United Nations FAO confirmed the disease was eradicated, making rinderpest only the second disease in history to be fully wiped out (outside laboratory stocks), following smallpox.[8] In June 2019 the UK destroyed its stocks of rinderpest virus, held at the Pirbright Institute in Surrey, which were most of the world's retained samples. This followed the completion of a digital record of the virus's genetic code, thereby obviating the need to store samples as a protective resource in case the virus re-emerges. Researchers at Pirbright and the United Nations expressed a hope that the other samples in laboratories around the world will also be destroyed, totally eradicating the virus from the Earth.[9]
Rinderpest is believed to have originated in Asia, later spreading through the transport of cattle.[10] The term Rinderpest is a Germanword meaning "cattle-plague".[2][10] The rinderpest virus (RPV) is closely related to the measles and canine distemper viruses.[11] The measles virus possibly emerged from rinderpest as a zoonotic disease around 600 BC, a period that coincides with the rise of large human settlements.[12][13]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinderpest
08-07-2021-1352 - Pandemic
A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν, pan, "all" and δῆμος, demos, "local people" the 'crowd') is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has spread across a large region, for instance multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of people. A widespread endemic disease with a stable number of infected people is not a pandemic. Widespread endemic diseases with a stable number of infected people such as recurrences of seasonal influenza are generally excluded as they occur simultaneously in large regions of the globe rather than being spread worldwide.
Throughout human history, there have been a number of pandemics of diseases such as smallpox. The most fatal pandemic in recorded history was the Black Death (also known as The Plague), which killed an estimated 75–200 million people in the 14th century.[2][3][4][5][6][7] The term was not used yet but was for later pandemics including the 1918 influenza pandemic (Spanish flu).[8][9][10]
Current pandemics include tuberculosis,[11] COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) and HIV/AIDS.[12]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic
| Phase 1 | Phase 2 | Phase 3 | Phase 4 | Phase 5 | Phase 6 | Post peak | Possible new wave | Post-pandemic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uncertain probability of pandemic | Medium to high probability | High to certain probability | Pandemic in progress | — | — | — | ||
| Animal-to-animal infection only | Animal-to-human infection | Sporadic or clustered cases in humans | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| — | (Considered a human pandemic threat) | No sustained community-level outbreaks | Sustained community-level outbreaks | Sustained in two countries in one WHO region | Sustained in-country in another WHO region | Levels drop below the peak in most countries | Activity rising again in most countries | Levels return to ordinary seasonal levels |
● Phases 3-6: "Sustained" implies human-to-human transmission. | ||||||||
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic
SARS-CoV-2, a new strain of coronavirus, was first detected in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in late December 2019.[43] It has caused a cluster of cases of an acute respiratory disease, which is referred to as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).[29] More than 200 countries and territories have been affected by COVID-19, with major outbreaks occurring in Brazil, Russia, India, Mexico, Peru, South Africa,[44][45] Western Europe, and the United States.[29] On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the spread of COVID-19 as a pandemic, marking the first global pandemic since the 2009 swine flu pandemic.[29][46][47] As of 5 August 2021, the number of people infected with COVID-19 has reached 201,229,716 worldwide, of whom 181,181,650 have recovered. The death toll is 4,274,821.[48] It is believed that these figures are understated as testing did not commence in the initial stages of the outbreak and many people infected by the virus have no or only mild symptoms and may not have been tested. Similarly, the number of recoveries may also be understated as tests are required before cases are officially recognised as recovered, and fatalities are sometimes attributed to other conditions.[29] This was especially the case in large urban areas where a non-trivial number of patients died while in their private residences.[29] It was later discovered that asymptomatic hypoxia due to COVID-19 pulmonary disease may be responsible for many such cases.[49] The spatio-temporal spreading analysis of the COVID-19 in the initial stages in China and Italy has been performed by Gross et al.[50] A model to assess the probability for a worldwide spreading and declare pandemic has been recently developed by Valdez et al.[51]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic
Major outbreaks in countries[edit]
| Country name | Total cases | Total deaths | Total recovered | Active cases | Deaths % (of total cases) | Recovered % (of total cases) | Main article | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USA | 34,377,592 | 616,440 | 28,641,439 | 5,119,713 | 2.11 | 97.89 | COVID-19 pandemic in the United States | [52] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic
In human history, it is generally zoonoses such as influenza and tuberculosis which constitute most of the widespread outbreaks, resulting from the domestication of animals. There have been many particularly significant epidemics that deserve mention above the "mere" destruction of cities:
- Plague of Athens (430 to 426 BC): During the Peloponnesian War, typhoid fever killed a quarter of the Athenian troops and a quarter of the population. This disease fatally weakened the dominance of Athens, but the sheer virulence of the disease prevented its wider spread; i.e. it killed off its hosts at a rate faster than they could spread it. The exact cause of the plague was unknown for many years. In January 2006, researchers from the University of Athens analyzed teeth recovered from a mass grave underneath the city and confirmed the presence of bacteria responsible for typhoid.[63]
- Antonine Plague (165 to 180 AD): Possibly measles or smallpox brought to the Italian peninsula by soldiers returning from the Near East, it killed a quarter of those infected, up to five million in total.[64]
- Plague of Cyprian (251–266 AD): A second outbreak of what may have been the same disease as the Antonine Plague killed (it was said) 5,000 people a day in Rome.
- Plague of Justinian (541 to 750 AD): The first recorded outbreak of bubonic plague started in Egypt and reached Constantinople the following spring, killing (according to the Byzantine chronicler Procopius) 10,000 a day at its height, and perhaps 40% of the city's inhabitants. The plague went on to eliminate a quarter to half the human population of the known world.[65][66] It caused Europe's population to drop by around 50% between 550 AD and 700 AD.[67]
- Black Death (1331 to 1353): The total number of deaths worldwide is estimated at 75 to 200 million. Eight hundred years after the last outbreak, the plague returned to Europe. Starting in Asia, the disease reached the Mediterranean and western Europe in 1348 (possibly from Italian merchants fleeing fighting in Crimea), and killed an estimated 20 to 30 million Europeans in six years;[68] a third of the total population,[69] and up to a half in the worst-affected urban areas.[70]It was the first of a cycle of European plague epidemics that continued until the 18th century.[71] There were more than 100 plague epidemics in Europe during this period.[72] The disease recurred in England every two to five years from 1361 to 1480.[73] By the 1370s, England's population was reduced by 50%.[74] The Great Plague of London of 1665–66 was the last major outbreak of the plague in England and killed approximately 100,000 people, 20% of London's population.[75]
- Third plague pandemic (1855): Starting in China, it spread into India, where 10 million people died.[76] During this pandemic, the United States saw its first outbreak: the San Francisco plague of 1900–1904.[77] Today, sporadic cases of plague still occur in the western United States.[78]
- The 1918-1920 Spanish flu infected half a billion people[79]—around the world, including on remote Pacific islandsand in the Arctic—killing 20 to 100 million.[79][80] Most influenza outbreaks disproportionately kill the very young and the very old, but the 1918 pandemic had an unusually high mortality rate for young adults.[81] It killed more people in 25 weeks than AIDS did in its first 25 years.[82][83] Mass troop movements and close quarters during World War I caused it to spread and mutate faster, and the susceptibility of soldiers to the flu may have been increased by stress, malnourishment and chemical attacks.[84] Improved transportation systems made it easier for soldiers, sailors and civilian travelers to spread the disease.[85]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic
Historically, measles was prevalent throughout the world, as it is highly contagious. According to the U.S. National Immunization Program, by 1962 90% of people were infected with measles by age 15.[150]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic
One-quarter of the world's current population has been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and new infections occur at a rate of one per second.[156] About 5–10% of these latent infections will eventually progress to active disease, which, if left untreated, kills more than half its victims. Annually, eight million people become ill with tuberculosis, and two million die from the disease worldwide.[157] In the 19th century, tuberculosis killed an estimated one-quarter of the adult population of Europe;[158] by 1918, one in six deaths in France were still caused by tuberculosis. During the 20th century, tuberculosis killed approximately 100 million people.[152] TB is still one of the most important health problems in the developing world.[159] In 2018, Tuberculosis becomes the leading cause of death from an infectious disease, with roughly 1.5 million deaths worldwide.[160]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic
Artemisinin (/ˌɑːtɪˈmiːsɪnɪn/) and its semisynthetic derivatives are a group of drugs used in the treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum.[1] It was discovered in 1972 by Tu Youyou, who shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery.[2] Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are now standard treatment worldwide for P. falciparum malaria as well as malaria due to other species of Plasmodium.[3] Artemisinin is extracted from the plant Artemisia annua, sweet wormwood, a herb employed in Chinese traditional medicine. A precursor compound can be produced using a genetically-engineered yeast, which is much more efficient than using the plant.[4]
Artemisinin and its derivatives are all sesquiterpene lactones containing an unusual peroxide bridge. This endoperoxide 1,2,4-trioxane ring is responsible for their antimalarial properties. Few other natural compounds with such a peroxide bridge are known.[5]
Artemisinin and its derivatives have been used for the treatment of malarial and parasitic worm (helminth) infections. They have the advantage over other drugs in having an ability to kill faster and kill all the life cycle stages of the parasites.[6] But low bioavailability, poor pharmacokinetic properties and high cost of the drugs are major drawbacks of their use.[7] Use of the drug by itself as a monotherapy is explicitly discouraged by the World Health Organization,[8] as there have been signs that malarial parasites are developing resistance to the drug. Therapies that combine artemisinin or its derivatives with some other antimalarial drug are the preferred treatment for malaria.[9]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisinin
Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans.[2] The parasite is transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito and causes the disease's most dangerous form, falciparum malaria. It is responsible for around 50% of all malaria cases.[3][4] P. falciparum is therefore regarded as the deadliest parasite in humans. It is also associated with the development of blood cancer (Burkitt's lymphoma) and is classified as Group 2A carcinogen.
The species originated from the malarial parasite Laverania found in gorillas, around 10,000 years ago.[5] Alphonse Laveran was the first to identify the parasite in 1880, and named it Oscillaria malariae. Ronald Ross discovered its transmission by mosquito in 1897. Giovanni Battista Grassi elucidated the complete transmission from a female anopheline mosquito to humans in 1898. In 1897, William H. Welch created the name Plasmodium falciparum, which ICZN formally adopted in 1954. P. falciparum assumes several different forms during its life cycle. The human-infective stage are sporozoites from the salivary gland of a mosquito. The sporozoites grow and multiply in the liver to become merozoites. These merozoites invade the erythrocytes (RBCs) to form trophozoites, schizonts and gametocytes, during which the symptoms of malaria are produced. In the mosquito, the gametocytes undergo sexual reproduction to a zygote, which turns into ookinete. Ookinete forms oocytes from which sporozoites are formed.
As of the World Health Organization World Malaria Report 2020, there were 229 million cases of malaria worldwide in 2019, resulting in an estimated 409,000 deaths. Nearly all malarial deaths are caused by P. falciparum, and 94% of such cases occur in Africa. Children under five years of age are most affected, accounting for 67% of the total deaths. In Sub-Saharan Africa, almost 100% of cases were due to P. falciparum, whereas in most other malarial countries, other, less virulent plasmodial species predominate.[6]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium_falciparum
Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, which sometimes are referred to as "superbugs", may contribute to the re-emergence of diseases that are currently well controlled.[183] For example, cases of tuberculosis that are resistant to traditionally effective treatments remain a cause of great concern to health professionals. Every year, nearly half a million new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are estimated to occur worldwide.[184] China and India have the highest rate of multidrug-resistant TB.[185] The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that approximately 50 million people worldwide are infected with MDR TB, with 79 percent of those cases resistant to three or more antibiotics. In 2005, 124 cases of MDR TB were reported in the United States. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB) was identified in Africa in 2006 and subsequently discovered to exist in 49 countries, including the United States. There are about 40,000 new cases of XDR-TB per year, the WHO estimates.[186]
In the past 20 years, common bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens and Enterococcus, have developed resistance to various antibiotics such as vancomycin, as well as whole classes of antibiotics, such as the aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. Antibiotic-resistant organisms have become an important cause of healthcare-associated (nosocomial) infections (HAI). In addition, infections caused by community-acquired strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in otherwise healthy individuals have become more frequent in recent years.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic
- List of epidemics
- Asian Flu of 1957
- Biological hazard
- Bushmeat
- Compartmental models in epidemiology
- COVID-19 pandemic
- Crowdmapping
- Disease X
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
- Hong Kong Flu of 1968
- Immunization
- Mathematical modelling of infectious disease
- Medieval demography
- Mortality from infectious diseases
- Pandemic fatigue
- Pandemic severity index
- Public health emergency of international concern
- Super-spreader
- Syndemic
- Tropical disease
- Timeline of global health
- Twindemic
- Vaccination
- WHO pandemic phases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic
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