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Sunday, June 4, 2023
06-03-2023-2200 - Verbal fallacies may be placed in either formal or informal classifications: Compare equivocation, which is a word- or phrase-based ambiguity, to the fallacy of composition, which is premise- and inference-based ambiguity.[17]
Verbal fallacies may be placed in either formal or informal classifications:
Compare equivocation, which is a word- or phrase-based ambiguity,
to the fallacy of composition, which is premise- and inference-based ambiguity.[17]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy
06-03-2023-2103 - Recognizing fallacies in everyday arguments may be difficult since arguments are often embedded in rhetorical patterns that obscure the logical connections between statements.
Recognizing fallacies in everyday arguments may be difficult since arguments are
often embedded in rhetorical patterns that obscure the logical connections between statements.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy
06-03-2023-2102 - An example is a probabilistically valid instance of the formally invalid argument form of denying the antecedent or affirming the consequent. [12]
An example is a probabilistically valid instance of the formally
invalid argument form of denying the antecedent or affirming
the consequent. [12]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy
06-03-2023-2059 - Logical integrity
Logical integrity
This type of integrity is concerned with the correctness or rationality of a piece of data, given a particular context. This includes topics such as referential integrity and entity integrity in a relational database or correctly ignoring impossible sensor data in robotic systems. These concerns involve ensuring that the data "makes sense" given its environment. Challenges include software bugs, design flaws, and human errors. Common methods of ensuring logical integrity include things such as check constraints, foreign key constraints, program assertions, and other run-time sanity checks.
Both physical and logical integrity often share many common challenges such as human errors and design flaws, and both must appropriately deal with concurrent requests to record and retrieve data, the latter of which is entirely a subject on its own.
If a data sector only has a logical error, it can be reused by overwriting it with new data. In case of a physical error, the affected data sector is permanently unusable.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_integrity#Logical_integrity
06-03-2023-2058 - FALLACY (DRAFT)
A fallacy is the use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning in the construction of an argument[1][2] which may appear to be a well-reasoned argument if unnoticed. The term was introduced in the Western intellectual tradition by the Aristotelian De Sophisticis Elenchis.[3]
Fallacies may be committed intentionally to manipulate or persuade by deception, unintentionally because of human limitations such as carelessness, cognitive or social biases and ignorance, or potentially due to the limitations of language and understanding of language. These delineations include not only the ignorance of the right reasoning standard, but also the ignorance of relevant properties of the context. For instance, the soundness of legal arguments depends on the context in which the arguments are made.[4]
Fallacies are commonly divided into "formal" and "informal." A formal fallacy is a flaw in the structure of a deductive argument which renders the argument invalid, while an informal fallacy originates in an error in reasoning other than an improper logical form.[5] Arguments containing informal fallacies may be formally valid, but still fallacious.[3]
A special case is a mathematical fallacy, an intentionally invalid mathematical proof with a concealed, or subtle, error. Mathematical fallacies are typically crafted and exhibited for educational purposes, usually taking the form of false proofs of obvious contradictions.[6]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy
06-03-2023-2056 - LOGIC (DRAFT)
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the science of deductively valid inferences or logical truths. It studies how conclusions follow from premises independent of their topic and content. Informal logic is associated with informal fallacies, critical thinking, and argumentation theory. It examines arguments expressed in natural language while formal logic uses formal language. When used as a countable noun, the term "a logic" refers to a logical formal system that articulates a proof system. Logic plays a central role in many fields, such as philosophy, mathematics, computer science, and linguistics.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic
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