01-17-2023-1508 - Soviet Union, etc. (draft)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigory_Mairanovsky

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin

01-17-2023-1506 - var continued... (draft)

'storage, magnetic, interference signal distortion color, reproduction imaging, printing, magnetic printing, signal generator, crystal, particle, chemical, fine powder, gas, environment, computer, vision, frequency, brain, animal, telecommunication, normalization, bias, processes, generators, scale, measure, rocks, time, location, tracers, reactor, nuclear, radioactive iodine, silver, hydrogen, three dimensional image space, interference and color with method/material, non color form, black white, etc.'

 https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1908/ceremony-speech/

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/lippmanns-and-gabors-revolutionary-approach-to-imaging/

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01-17-2023-1459 - Lippmann’s and Gabor’s revolutionary approach to imaging ( Nobel Prize Physics 1908, 1971)

Lippmann’s and Gabor’s revolutionary approach to imaging 

Prize-awarded methods

Among the Nobel Prizes in Physics, two scientists have been honored for their remarkable methods to record and present images: Gabriel Lippmann, awarded in 1908 “for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference,” and Dennis Gabor, awarded in 1971, “for his invention and development of the holographic method.”

Both methods had the same goal of carrying image reproduction further in a way that was quite different from other earlier attempts made for the same purpose. To achieve this, Lippmann and Gabor chose a revolutionary approach to fundamental physics instead of following an evolutionary progress in engineering.

In 1886, when the art and technology of photography was still struggling to transfer the colors of nature to adequate tonal values in black and white, Gabriel Lippmann conceived a two-step method to record and reproduce color images directly through the wavelengths in the object and the subsequent photograph.

While Lippmann improved photography from black and white to color, Gabor’s holography extended photography from flat pictures to a three-dimensional image space. Procedures to offer to each eye of the viewer its own parallax – stereoscopy – are as historical as photography itself. But Gabor’s idea of a “hologram” was to store all the information in all image space and not just in one slightly different second photograph.

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/lippmanns-and-gabors-revolutionary-approach-to-imaging/

01-17-2023-1454 - Nobel Prize Physics 1908 (silver plate imaging ; silver plate coated with a thin layer of silver chloride coloured up under the action of light with a colour corresponding to that of the light used. ; photography ; Edmond Becquerel )

Nobel Prize

Physics

1908

'Award ceremony speech

Presentation Speech by Professor K.B. Hasselberg, President of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, on December 10, 1908

Your Majesty, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen.

The Royal Academy of Sciences has awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for 1908 to Professor Gabriel Lippmann of the Sorbonne for his method, based on the phenomenon of interference, which permits the reproduction of colours by photography.

Even before 1849, when the art of photographic reproduction was discovered by the pioneers of Science, Niepce, Daguerre, Talbot and others, the question of means of rendering and of fixing colours on the photographic plate has loomed large. It looked as though the answer was at hand when Edmond Becquerel showed that a silver plate coated with a thin layer of silver chloride coloured up under the action of light with a colour corresponding to that of the light used. This observation led no further. Becquerel had no explanation for the origin of the colours nor did he find a means of fixing them on the plate. They passed off rapidly and so his method, being thus of no practical use, failed to win the attention it undoubtedly deserved.'

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1908/ceremony-speech/