Secondary Metabolites
AntibioticsIn the beginning of 20th century, the idea of growth inhibition of one microorganism present in the vicinity of other one came into existence. Later, it was demonstrated that growth inhibition of the former micro-organism was mediated by secretion of toxic metabolites by the later. This toxic metabolite was termed as 'antibiotic' and the phenomenon of act of growth inhibition by antibiotics as 'antibiosis'. The antibiotics are defined as "the complex chemical substances, the secondary metabolites which are produced by microorganisms and act against other microorganisms"....
Penicillins
It was Alexander Fleming (1929) who first discovered the bacteriostatic principle from a fungus and named it penicillin. He observed that a fungal contaminant prevented the growth of staphylococci, which was later on identified as Penicillium notatum. Clutterbuck et al, (1932) studied the chemical nature of penicillin. They found that penicillin was an organic acid which was dissolved into organic solvents from aqueous solutions at low pH. It was vulnerable to hydrogen ion (H+) and heat. After evaporation of solution to dryness, the biological activity was lost. Further studies done on P. notatum confirmed that this mould could produce about 2 ppm active substance....
It was Alexander Fleming (1929) who first discovered the bacteriostatic principle from a fungus and named it penicillin. He observed that a fungal contaminant prevented the growth of staphylococci, which was later on identified as Penicillium notatum. Clutterbuck et al, (1932) studied the chemical nature of penicillin. They found that penicillin was an organic acid which was dissolved into organic solvents from aqueous solutions at low pH. It was vulnerable to hydrogen ion (H+) and heat. After evaporation of solution to dryness, the biological activity was lost. Further studies done on P. notatum confirmed that this mould could produce about 2 ppm active substance....
https://biocyclopedia.com/index/biotechnology/microbial_biotechnology/secondary_metabolites/biotech_antibiotics.php
No comments:
Post a Comment