06-07-2022-0558 - 7011/2-3,4-5

 06-07-2022-0558 - 7011/2-3,4-5

06-07-2022-0556 - National Guard of The United States of America (Massachusetts, 1636 ; 1824 NY ; 1903 National ; 1933 Federal allegiance)

Local militias were formed from the earliest English colonization of the Americas in 1607. The first colony-wide militia was formed by Massachusetts in 1636 by merging small older local units, and several National Guard units can be traced back to this militia. The various colonial militias became state militias when the United States became independent. The title "National Guard" was used in 1824 by some New York State militia units, named after the French National Guard in honor of the Marquis de Lafayette. "National Guard" became a standard nationwide militia title in 1903, and has specifically indicated reserve forces under mixed state and federal control since 1933.

National Guard
Seal
Active	English colonial militia: since December 13, 1636 As "National Guard": since 1824 in New York, since 1903 nationwide Dual state-federal reserve forces: since 1933
Country	United States
Allegiance	Federal (10 U.S.C. § E) State and territorial (32 U.S.C.)

1953 postage stamp

The first muster of militia forces in what is today the United States took place on September 16, 1565, in the newly established Spanish military town of St. Augustine. The militia men were assigned to guard the expedition's supplies while their leader, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, took the regular troops north to attack the French settlement at Fort Caroline on the St. Johns River.^[5] This Spanish militia tradition and the English tradition that would be established to the north would provide the basic nucleus for Colonial defense in the New World.

The militia tradition continued with the first permanent English settlements in the New World. Jamestown Colony(established in 1607) and Plymouth Colony (established in 1620) both had militia forces, which initially consisted of every able bodied adult male. By the mid-1600s every town had at least one militia company (usually commanded by an officer with the rank of captain) and the militia companies of a county formed a regiment (usually commanded by an officer with the rank of major in the 1600s or a colonel in the 1700s).

The first national laws regulating the militia were the Militia acts of 1792.

From the nation's founding through the early 1900s, the United States maintained only a minimal army and relied on state militias, directly related to the earlier Colonial militias to supply the majority of its troops.^[6] As a result of the Spanish–American War, Congress was called upon to reform and regulate the training and qualification of state militias.

In 1903, with passage of the Dick Act, the predecessor to the modern-day National Guard was formed. It required the states to divide their militias into two sections. The law recommended the title "National Guard" for the first section, known as the organized militia, and "Reserve Militia" for all others.^[7]

During World War I, Congress passed the National Defense Act of 1916, which required the use of the term "National Guard" for the state militias and further regulated them. Congress also authorized the states to maintain Home Guards, which were reserve forces outside the National Guards being deployed by the Federal Government.^[8]

In 1933, with passage of the National Guard Mobilization Act, Congress finalized the split between the National Guard and the traditional state militias by mandating that all federally funded soldiers take a dual enlistment/commission and thus enter both the state National Guard and the National Guard of the United States, a newly created federal reserve force. The National Defense Act of 1947 created the Air Force as a separate branch of the Armed Forces and concurrently created the Air National Guard of the United States as one of its reserve components, mirroring the Army's structure.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)

06-07-2022-0543 - Fourth Stimulus Check: Over 80 Lawmakers Now Support Further Direct Payments to Americans

U.S.

Fourth Stimulus Check: Over 80 Lawmakers Now Support Further Direct Payments to Americans

BY JENNI FINK ON 5/18/21 AT 10:28 AM EDT 

https://www.newsweek.com/fourth-stimulus-check-over-80-lawmakers-now-support-further-direct-payments-americans-1592512

06-07-2022-0540 - Fourth Stimulus Check Update: 150 Economists, 21 Senators Among Supporters of Recurring Payments

U.S.

Fourth Stimulus Check Update: 150 Economists, 21 Senators Among Supporters of Recurring Payments

BY CHRISTINA ZHAO ON 8/7/21 AT 3:47 PM EDT 

https://www.newsweek.com/fourth-stimulus-check-update-150-economists-21-senators-among-supporters-recurring-payments-1617225

06-07-2022-1042 - Rising Sea-Levels May Have Forced Vikings to Leave Greenland, Shows Study ; On this date 51 years ago, climate scientists predicted a new ice age was coming ; Hunting Antarctica's Holy Grail, Deep Beneath the Ice ; Outsiders Weather and Ice Age Watch: ‘Coldest days on record’ prompt BOM ‘volte-face’

 Rising Sea-Levels May Have Forced Vikings to Leave Greenland, Shows Study

By Ashmita Gupta17 January, 2022TWC India

What could have possibly driven out the mighty Vikings?

There are, of course, several theories attached to their perplexing disappearance, but the most conceivable hypothesis is climate change. New findings point to ice sheet growth and sea-level rise as the causative agents of massive coastal flooding that inundated Norse farms and ultimately led them to desert the region.

“The literature suggests that Viking out-migration was forced by the climatic shift from the Medieval Warm Period (~900-1350 AD) to the Little Ice Age (~1350-1850 AD) when environmental conditions became unfavourable for continued settlement,” reads the abstract of the presentation at AGU.

By sheer luck, when the Vikings first arrived in Greenland in the 10th century, the region was experiencing a warmer climate which allowed agriculture to flourish. And the group continued to enjoy this warmer climate for the next 500 years.

However, between the 14th and 19th centuries, Greenland experienced what is known as the "Little Ice Age".

https://weather.com/en-IN/india/science/news/2022-01-17-rising-sea-levels-may-have-forced-vikings-to-leave-greenland

OPINION

On this date 51 years ago, climate scientists predicted a new ice age was coming

by Christopher Tremoglie, Commentary Fellow

 

 | March 21, 2022 01:40 PM

https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/on-this-date-51-years-ago-climate-scientists-predicted-a-new-ice-age-was-coming

Russia-Ukraine War: Potential “Nuclear Winter” Could Kill Billions, Transform the Entire Planet

By Deekshith Nevil Pinto01 March, 2022

The effects would be similar to what happened after the great 1815 Tambora volcanic eruption in Indonesia that triggered the infamous ‘Year Without a Summer’ in 1816 in the Northern Hemisphere. Killing frosts disrupted agriculture every month of the summer in New England, and the exceptionally cold and wet weather in Europe triggered widespread harvest failures, resulting in famine and economic collapse. While the cooling effect of that eruption only lasted about a year, a limited nuclear exchange would cause 5-10 consecutive "Years Without a Summer" and more than a decade of significantly reduced crop yields.

https://weather.com/en-IN/india/news/news/2022-03-01-russia-ukraine-war-potential-nuclear-winter-could-kill-billions

Prehistoric Footprints Push Back Timeline of Humans’ Arrival in North America

Found in New Mexico, the fossilized impressions date to between 21,000 and 23,000 years ago, a new study suggests

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/footprint-study-is-best-evidence-yet-that-humans-lived-in-ice-age-north-america-180978757/

Climate of modern-day Europe mimics the climate of 14th century Europe

FEBRUARY 26, 2022

https://www.studyfinds.org/modern-europe-climate-14th-centure/

Reduced ocean circulation during the ice age caused anoxic conditions and increased carbon storage in the deep sea

Date:

December 8, 2021

Source:

MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen

Summary:

The movement of water masses in the ocean, its circulation, is an essential component of the global climate system. Researchers have now been able to show that circulation in the deep ocean was significantly slowed down during the last glacial period. Analyses of sediment samples show that the decomposition of organic carbon in the water masses of the deep sea consumed the oxygen available there.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/12/211208123420.htm

Ancient ice reveals mysterious solar storm

Date:

January 26, 2022

Source:

Lund University

Summary:

Through analysis of ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica, a research team has found evidence of an extreme solar storm that occurred about 9,200 years ago. What puzzles the researchers is that the storm took place during one of the sun's more quiet phases -- during which it is generally believed our planet is less exposed to such events.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/01/220126144204.htm

JANUARY 10, 2022

Lessons learned from the Ice Age: Mountain lakes react to climate change in their ecology

by Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. (FVB)

https://phys.org/news/2022-01-lessons-ice-age-mountain-lakes.html

Ice Age Festival at Ipswich Museum attracts many latter-day cave people

https://www.ipswich.gov.uk/content/ice-age-festival-ipswich-museum-attracts-many-latter-day-cave-people

Haaretz | Archaeology

Human Expansion During Ice Age Could Explain How We Vanquished the Neanderthals

Groundbreaking discovery that humans in howling Ice Age cold as well supports the thesis that we bested the Neanderthals because we developed better adaptability

The first modern Homo sapiens to reach Europe more than 45,000 years ago faced much colder temperatures than had been thought, archaeologists have deduced – yet they slogged on and survived during one the peaks of the last Ice Age, a new study shows.

https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2021-09-22/ty-article/first-modern-humans-in-europe-spread-despite-howling-ice-age-cold/0000017f-f446-d487-abff-f7fef0350000

How weather has shaped human history

How weather has shaped human history

Weather has influenced significant events thorughout human history, whether forced migration or the course of a war.

Sometimes these events are tied to climate change, other times they represent anomalies that affected the future of air travel or launched eras of famine and disease. In the forthcoming list, Stacker examines dozens of ways weather has shaped human history, drawing on historical documents, newspaper articles, first-person accounts, and documented weather events.

Chinese scientist Shen Kuo was the first person to study climate. In his 1088 “Dream Pool Essays,” he ponders climate change after finding petrified bamboo in a habitat that wouldn't support such growth in his lifetime. Since then, inventions and technological advances have allowed people to track the weather over time and, in some instances, even control it.

Around 1602, Galileo was the first to conceptualize a thermometer that could quantify temperature, allowing people to track changes in heat. The air conditioner made its first appearance in 1902; and in 1974 the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations held a classified briefing on the results of Operation Popeye, a five-year cloud-seeding experiment designed to lengthen Vietnam's monsoon season, destabilize enemy forces there, and allow the U.S. to win the war.

But far more often than humanity seeks to control the weather, the weather does the controlling.

While weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions (think of a forecast for how sunny and warm it will be next week), climate refers to long-term changes in overall weather trends over time (decades or hundreds of years). The two are impacted by each other. Climate change affects the severity and frequency of weather events, and the costs of extreme weather events rise as the effects of climate change become more apparent. With increased technology allowing for the tracking of weather trends over time and the anticipation and identification of potential weather hazards, people have been able to avert and prepare for some of nature's wildest expressions.

Keep reading to find out what event kicked off the Salem Witch Trials, a new clue in the JFK assassination, and how a heavy storm thwarted the end of the Iran hostage crisis in 1980.

1692: Mini ice age instigates the Salem Witch Trials

The famous Salem Witch Trials between 1692 and 1693 ultimately resulted in more than 200 people being accused of practicing witchcraft and 20 people being put to death. Causes for the hysteria have been attributed to everything from socioeconomic issues in Salem to cold weather, which does overlap with periods of witch hunts throughout history.

1876: Famines form the 'Third World'

The term “Third World” was created during the Cold War to refer to development gaps across the globe due to income disparities and access. Many of these differences were most acutely shaped in the last quarter of the 1800s, particularly in 1876 when famines caused by El Niño drought brought utter destruction to crops in India's Deccan Plateau, across China, and in Brazil, Ethiopia, and other parts of the world.

1945: Kokura gets spared—twice

Sunshine over Hiroshima on Aug. 6, 1945, meant the skies were clear for the first nuclear weapon ever to be used in war to be dropped from overhead, killing 146,000 people over the course of the next four months and sparing Hiroshima's back-up target of Kokura.

Kokura dodged tragedy again just days later, when the second nuclear weapon was already loaded in a B-29 destined for the town but not dropped because of overcast skies, drifting smoke, and obscured visibility from coal tar being intentionally burned by the Yahata Steel Works. Low on fuel after several passes over the town, the bomb ended up being dropped over the backup city of Nagasaki on Aug. 9., where upwards of 80,000 people were killed.

George Robert Caron and Charles Levy // Wikimedia Commons

1948: Air inversion in Donora, Pennsylvania

The Clean Air Act—among the most comprehensive air-quality bills throughout the world—was passed in 1963, following the 1955 signing of the Air Pollution Control Act. But the beginnings of such legislation came from Donora, Pennsylvania, where an “air inversion” in 1948 goes down in history as one of the worst air pollution disasters in the United States. It caused breathing issues for more than 40% of the 14,000-person population in the mill town.

Donora was home to U.S. Steel's Donora Zinc Works and American Steel & Wire plant, which together released high emissions of sulfur dioxide, fluorine, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, and other toxic gases into the air. On Oct. 27, 1948, that air got trapped by an inversion of warmer air containing the airborne toxins in cold air across the valley town. The fog quickly became a yellow smog that stayed heavy in the air for five days until heavy rains came and broke the spell.

All told, 20 Donorans died by November—and another 50 died from respiratory illnesses a month later. The deaths directly resulted in new pushes for clean air laws in Pennsylvania and throughout the United States.

https://tucson.com/weather/how-weather-has-shaped-human-history/article_1467084d-22ed-52db-9e06-9e63d6c1aea1.html

Hunting Antarctica's Holy Grail, Deep Beneath the Ice

An ambitious experiment to drill into the ice sheet and travel a million years into the past.

https://www.cnet.com/science/climate/features/hunting-antarcticas-holy-grail-deep-beneath-the-ice/

Outsiders Weather and Ice Age Watch: ‘Coldest days on record’ prompt BOM ‘volte-face’

July 25, 2021 - 4:19PM




Sky News host Rowan Dean says cities around the country have experienced some of the “coldest days on record” – contrary to predictions made by the Bureau of Meteorology which said “nights are likely to be warmer than average for most of Australia”.




“Remember this forecast from the Bureau of Meteorology, firm believers in the concept of man-made global warming, back at the end of May, only five days before the official beginning of winter,” Mr Dean said.




“According to the ABC on May 27 the Bureau of Meteorology predicted, and I quote, that ‘Nights are likely to be warmer than average for most of Australia, and daytime temperatures are likely to be above average for many parts of Australia, especially those closer to the coast’.




‘So … how’s that prediction looking?




“Brisbane is on the coast and yet this week shivering Brisbanites awoke to one of Brisbane’s coldest days on record.




“Similarly in Canberra, home to the greatest concentration of climate cultist luvvies ever assembled in one city, also known as the Public Service, it feels, apparently, like it’s nearly minus 10 degrees.

https://www.skynews.com.au/opinion/outsiders-weather-and-ice-age-watch-coldest-days-on-record-prompt-bom-volteface/video/90708843ec02955ea73bbb68c69ff987

Earth Could Experience a Mini Ice Age If Hit By a Medium-Size Asteroid, New Study Claims

By Andrew MacFarlaneFebruary 10, 2016

https://weather.com/science/space/news/medium-size-asteroid-could-cause-ice-age

Exact date -9C mini ice age hits UK revealed with a whopping 15 inches of snow forecast

A staggering -9C deep freeze is set to engulf the UK in a matter of days, with heavy snow expected in all regions and some set for a whopping 15 inches of the white stuff

https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/latest-news/exact-date-9c-mini-ice-26382702

https://www.12news.com/article/weather/nasa-scientist-arrested-climate-change-protest/75-0ed2eacb-322c-4d38-a676-475f10a2ebba

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/12/concern-grows-over-atlantic-ocean-conveyor-belt-shutdown

San Luis Obispo Tribune

The sun could be getting dimmer. Is another Little Ice Age on the way?

But England and Scotland have not always enjoyed such mild winter weather. Look at London in the winter of 1683 and 1684, when so-called “frost...

.May 25, 2021

High gas prices could impact residents' decision to evacuate during hurricane, AAA survey says

27% of Floridians more concerned about this year's hurricane season

https://www.wptv.com/weather/hurricane/high-gas-prices-could-impact-residents-decision-to-evacuate-during-hurricane-aaa-survey-says

Video: Freezing rain, rain for Tuesday
Two systems this week bringing impact weather because of freezing rain, snow

https://www.wmur.com/article/new-hampshire-weather-video-2-22-22/39169973

Two Presidents Week Winter Storms Will Blanket Plains, Midwest, Northeast With Snow and Ice

By Jonathan ErdmanFebruary 20, 2022

https://weather.com/storms/winter/news/2022-02-18-winter-storms-presidents-week-forecast

May Weather Can Bring Tornadoes, Tropical Storms, Warmer Temperatures and Even Snow

By weather.com meteorologistsApril 25, 2022

https://weather.com/forecast/national/news/2022-04-25-may-typical-weather-tornadoes-tropical-snow

U.S. NEWS

Female storm chasers pursue passion as severe weather events increase

People of various ethnic groups and gender identities are also getting into the business in a quest to document and report tornadoes, hurricanes and other high-impact events.

https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/female-storm-chasers-pursue-passion-as-severe-weather-events-increase-rcna24886

06-07-2022-1035 - Meet the world’s largest plant: a seagrass clone stretching 180 km in Australia ; SCIENCE Earth’s Interior Is Cooling Faster Than Previously Estimated! Here’s Why It Matters ; NLAB

Meet the world’s largest plant: a seagrass clone stretching 180 km in Australia

In partnership with  The Conversation

Wednesday, June 1st 2022, 1:50 pm - What makes this seagrass plant unique from others, other than its enormous size, is that it has twice as many chromosomes as its relatives.

https://www.theweathernetwork.com/ca/news/article/meet-the-worlds-largest-plant-a-single-seagrass-clone

Western researchers first to map effects of England’s ‘little ice age’ 

Interactive GIS database chronicles 500-year-old extreme climate events 

https://news.westernu.ca/2022/04/researchers-map-englands-little-ice-age/

Winter is coming: Researchers uncover the surprising cause of the little ice age

Cold era, lasting from early 15th to mid-19th centuries, triggered by unusually warm conditions

Date:

December 15, 2021

Source:

University of Massachusetts Amherst

Summary:

New research provides a novel answer to one of the persistent questions in historical climatology, environmental history and the earth sciences: what caused the Little Ice Age? The answer, we now know, is a paradox: warming.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/12/211215142052.htm

Now, the Vikings of Greenland were not suspected of a bucolic lifestyle, though they did grow some barley for bread and beer. But they reached the island during a particularly mild period. A previous study based on insect life in Greenland – flies, specifically – supports the theory that when the Vikings came around the year 985, the weather was pretty wonderful by the standards of Arctic Circle environs.

The balmy weather, which was also probably marked by clouds of mosquitoes, was not to last. After around 500 years of warm weather, the Little Ice Age descended.

Why? Again, there are arguments but there were apparently a host of causes as the universe is a complicated place: from orbital and solar cycles to heightened volcanism, and even possibly the patterns of human fortunes. Some even tie the plague into the mix: as people died in droves, the forests in the north could recover; when populations increased in the northern hemisphere, they deforested their habitat. Tree cover affects the planet’s reflectivity. (Others reverse the sick chicken and its diseased egg, and blame the plague on the climate change.)

https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2022-04-14/ty-article/sorry-vikings-you-didnt-flee-greenland-because-of-little-ice-age/00000180-5b94-dc4e-a5a9-7ff631ad0000

Rising Sea-Levels May Have Forced Vikings to Leave Greenland, Shows Study

By Ashmita Gupta17 January, 2022TWC India

https://weather.com/en-IN/india/science/news/2022-01-17-rising-sea-levels-may-have-forced-vikings-to-leave-greenland

How snowy and cold will it be this winter in central Indiana?


by: Brian Wilkes - Chief Meteorologist

Posted: Nov 22, 2021 / 10:00 PM EST

Updated: Nov 23, 2021 / 10:32 AM EST

https://fox59.com/weather/indianapolis-winter-weather-outlook/

https://www.axios.com/2022/05/20/extreme-weather-wildfires-denver-snowstorm-east-heat

Outside/In[box]: Would Ice Age humans still think of ice as 'cold'?

New Hampshire Public Radio | By Outside/In, Taylor Quimby

Published January 7, 2022 at 6:03 AM EST

https://www.nhpr.org/nh-news/2022-01-07/outside-inbox-would-ice-age-humans-still-think-of-ice-as-cold

NEWS

09 August 2021

IPCC climate report: Earth is warmer than it’s been in 125,000 years

Landmark assessment says that greenhouse gases are unequivocally driving extreme weather — but that nations can still prevent the worst impacts.

Jeff Tollefson

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02179-1

The Atlantic’s vital currents could collapse. Scientists are racing to understand the dangers.

So far, the efforts to observe the currents directly show they're weirder and more unpredictable than expected.

https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/12/14/1041321/climate-change-ocean-atlantic-circulation/

Pacific Ocean, Not Ice Sheet, Shifted West Coast Storms South

New study: Ocean temperature patterns drive the West’s wintertime storm tracks

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 2021

https://cires.colorado.edu/news/pacific-ocean-not-ice-sheet-shifted-west-coast-storms-south

NASA’s Webb Telescope To Study Two “Super-Earths” Situated 50 Lightyears Away

By IANS7 days agoTWC India

https://weather.com/en-IN/india/space/news/2022-06-01-nasa-webb-telescope-to-study-two-super-earths

https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/space/article/Houston-couple-races-to-find-fallen-space-rocks-17207750.php

SCIENCE

Earth’s Interior Is Cooling Faster Than Previously Estimated! Here’s Why It Matters

By Mrigakshi Dixit

19 January, 2022

TWC India

https://weather.com/en-IN/india/science/news/2022-01-19-earth-interior-is-cooling-faster-than-previously-estimated

Is the ‘Aphelion Phenomenon’ Causing More Sickness on Earth?

A viral Facebook post gets some basic facts about the Earth's orbit wrong.

Dan Evon

Published 23 February 2022

https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/aphelion-phenomenon-more-sickness/

EARTH

A bold plan to save the planet turns carbon dioxide into stone

This might help people hold global warming to 1.5° Celsius and limit extreme weather events

https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/carbon-dioxide-turned-into-stone-save-earth-climate-change

Gargantuan explosions rock the sun, launching a "cannibal" cloud of gas toward earth

Not to worry! This is completely normal, and the "cannibal" could trigger beautiful northern lights.

By Tom Yulsman  |  Published: Monday, April 4, 2022

RELATED TOPICS: SOLAR FLARES | SPACE WEATHER | THE SUN

https://astronomy.com/news/2022/04/gargantuan-explosions-rock-the-sun-launching-a-cannibal-cloud-of-gas-toward-earth

US military confirms an interstellar meteor collided with Earth

BY CNN

APRIL 14, 2022

Share

 https://whdh.com/news/us-military-confirms-an-interstellar-meteor-collided-with-earth-2/

What Could Be Earth's Oldest Rock Was Found on the Moon 48 Years Ago

By Ron BrackettJanuary 25, 2019

https://weather.com/news/news/2019-01-25-earth-oldest-rock-found-on-moon

This huge black diamond just sold for $4.3 million. No one knows where it came from.

Geologists still can't say for sure whether the enormous stone called the Enigma crystallized in Earth’s mantle or fell from outer space.

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/the-science-of-the-mysterious-black-diamond-sold-at-auction

City-sized asteroids smacked ancient Earth 10 times more often than thought

By Tereza Pultarova published 15 July 21

Tiny bubbles in rocks suggest that ancient Earth was frequently battered by giant asteroids.

https://www.space.com/ancient-earth-hit-by-city-size-asteroids-often

Ground Shaking Explosions Likely This Weekend in New Jersey

BY WEATHERBOY TEAM METEOROLOGIST - NOVEMBER 19, 2021

https://weatherboy.com/ground-shaking-explosions-likely-this-weekend-in-new-jersey/




Scientists Say: Anthropocene

This is the time during which humans have radically altered Earth’s land, oceans and atmosphere

https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/scientists-say-anthropocene

'Snowball Earth' Likely Wiped Massive Layer From Earth's Crust, Study Says

By Pam WrightJanuary 02, 2019

https://weather.com/science/nature/news/2019-01-02-great-unconformity-gap-layers-earth-ice-glaciers

This lava planet has 'rocky' weather and winds many times the speed of sound

Ryan Prior

By Ryan Prior, CNN

Updated 12:18 PM ET, Fri November 6, 2020

https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/06/world/lava-exoplanet-scn-trnd/index.html

SCIENCE

Shanghai Tower Sized Asteroid Approaches Earth After 19 Years

By TWC India Edit Team23 August, 2019TWC India

https://weather.com/en-IN/india/science/news/2019-08-23-shanghai-tower-sized-asteroid-approaches-earth-after-19-years

Climate crisis has shifted the Earth’s axis, study shows

This article is more than 1 year old

Massive melting of glaciers has tilted the planet’s rotation, showing the impact of human activities

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/apr/23/climate-crisis-has-shifted-the-earths-axis-study-shows

Days on Earth Are Getting Longer Under the Influence of the Moon, Study Says

By Pam WrightJune 09, 2018

https://weather.com/science/space/news/2018-06-09-earth-days-longer-moon

Asteroid That Wiped Out Dinosaurs Plunged Earth Into Catastrophic, Years-Long 'Winter', Study Says

By Ada CarrNovember 02, 2017

https://weather.com/science/news/2017-11-01-chicxulub-crater-nuclear-winter-gas-emissions-mass-extinction

Earth's Magnetosphere

 

Magnetosphere moving in response to a coronal mass ejection. 

Earth is surrounded by a system of magnetic fields, called the magnetosphere. The magnetosphere shields our home planet from harmful solar and cosmic particle radiation, but it can change shape in response to incoming space weather from the Sun.

Credits: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio

High Resolution Imagery

Earth’s internal magnetism creates a region around the planet known as the magnetosphere. While several planets in our solar system have magnetospheres, Earth has the strongest one of all the rocky planets: Our magnetosphere is a vast, comet-shaped bubble, and it has played a crucial role in our planet's habitability. 

https://www.nasa.gov/magnetosphere

Continent-Sized Lava 'Blobs' Sit Deep Inside Earth, Study Finds

By Sean BreslinJuly 06, 2016

https://weather.com/science/news/lava-lamp-blobs-inside-earth-study

What is a 'frost quake'? Explaining the weather phenomenon

What to know about the "frost quake" phenomenon amid brutal temperatures.

ByMelissa Griffin

January 30, 2019, 1:07 PM

https://abcnews.go.com/US/frost-quake-explaining-weather-phenomenon/story?id=60723810

https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2020-05-10/meteorite-hunting-difference-between-space-rocks-and-earth-rocks/12219210

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mystery-of-earths-missing-nitrogen-solved/

https://www.nasa.gov/aurora

https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20210801-mexicos-three-billion-year-old-underwater-lifeforms

Snowball Earth: The times our planet was covered in ice

Ancient rocks suggest that ice entirely covered our planet on at least two occasions. This theory may help explain the rise of complex life that followed.

By Laura Poppick  |  Published: Friday, April 5, 2019

https://astronomy.com/news/2019/04/the-story-of-snowball-earth

https://eos.org/features/three-times-tectonics-changed-the-climate

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/solar-storms-worse-damage-if-you-live-near-certain-rocks-geology

Texas’ grid operator told a power plant to delay repairs ahead of a May heat wave. It was among six that crashed.

Climate change and other factors are shortening the window when aging Texas power plants can make repairs to run at full strength in hot summer months.

BY MITCHELL FERMAN MAY 17, 2022

https://www.texastribune.org/2022/05/17/texas-power-plant-failure-repairs-ercot/

POLLUTION
A 20-Fold Radiation Spike Has Been Recorded Near Chernobyl's Nuclear Power Plant After Russian Forces Seized It
By IANS

26 February, 2022

TWC India

https://weather.com/en-IN/india/pollution/news/2022-02-26-a-20-fold-radiation-spike-has-been-recorded-near-chernobyl

IEW
23 May 2022
Ukrainian nuclear historian chronicles six disasters
From explosions to meltdowns, history provides key context in the search for alternative energy sources amid decarbonization.
Atoms for war
Nuclear power is a child of war, birthed in the world’s first artificial self-sustaining nuclear reaction inside a stack of graphite and uranium bricks in Chicago, Illinois, in December 1942. That was a key early milestone in the Manhattan Project, which developed the atomic bombs that devastated Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan, and brought an end to the Second World War — and instigated the deadly competition between the United States and the Soviet Union as they built up their nuclear arsenals.

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01390-y

Chernobyl nuclear fears as forest near Exclusion Zone in FLAMES – emergency triggered

CHERNOBYL nuclear fears have surged after a forest near the Exclusion Zone erupted in flames as emergency services battled to extinguish the huge blaze

By PAUL WITHERS

08:24, Wed, May 18, 2022 | UPDATED: 12:08, Wed, May 18, 2022

https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1612039/Chernobyl-nuclear-warning-forest-fire-Exclusion-Zone-emergency-Ukraine-latest

Environmental Impacts of War: Ukraine’s Radioactive Trees, Ammonia-Laden Air, Starving Animals, and More

By TWC India Edit Team30 March, 2022TWC India

https://weather.com/en-IN/india/news/news/2022-03-30-environmental-impacts-of-war-in-ukraine

Chernobyl: On 36th anniversary of disaster, Russia’s seizure of nuclear plant
Published April 26, 2022
Updated 11:37AM
News
Associated Press
Fox News USA NAC
https://www.fox10phoenix.com/news/chernobyl-anniversary-disaster-russia-ukraine



WEATHER NEWS
Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day: How the Catastrophe Has Turned Norway's Present-Day Reindeer Radioactive

By TWC India Edit Team
26 April, 2022
TWC India



1/20

Reindeer roaming around the landscape affected by the Chernobyl fallout, feeding on grasses, lichen and mushrooms that may have absorbed radiation. (Amos Chapple / Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty)


https://weather.com/en-IN/india/news/news/2022-04-26-norways-radioactive-reindeer-are-a-result-of-the-35-year-old-chernobyl

CAPITAL WEATHER GANG
Winters are getting milder in Washington, but none is warmer than one 90 years ago
The winter of 1931-32 was the warmest on record for much of the Mid-Atlantic, Ohio Valley, Great Lakes and Northeast.


By Kevin Myatt
Updated February 14, 2022 at 3:52 p.m. EST|Published February 14, 2022 at 3:42 p.m. EST
https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2022/02/14/warmest-winter-1931-midatlantic/

CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT

More than 40 percent of Americans live in counties hit by climate disasters in 2021

As climate-fueled extreme weather intensified last year, more than 80 percent of Americans experienced a heat wave. The impacts of fires and severe storms also spread.

By Sarah Kaplan and Andrew Ba Tran 

Updated January 5, 2022 at 9:11 p.m. EST|Published January 5, 2022 at 1:05 p.m. EST

Meanwhile, melting polar ice caps have raised global sea levels an average of eight or nine inches since 1880, heightening the risk of coastal floods. The heat absorbed by the oceans lends fuel to hurricanes, enabling mere tropical depressions to rapidly intensify into devastating Category 4 and 5 storms. Not a single structure was left undamaged after Hurricane Ida made landfall near Grand Isle, La., in September. Surging waves ripped apart houses and obliterated levees; howling winds left the barrier island community buried under three feet of sand.

Even though climate change will make frigid weather less likely, some scientists have suggested that warming in the Arctic can lead to fluctuations in the polar vortex, allowing tongues of cold air to lash out into lower latitudes. Other studies indicate that warmer winter temperatures provided fuel for the late-season thunderstorms that gave rise to December’s twisters.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2022/01/05/climate-disasters-2021-fires/

In this photo, which Kokh titled "House of bears," polar bears survey the perimeter of their adopted home. (Image credit: Photo courtesy of Dmitry Kokh)

(opens in new tab)

https://www.livescience.com/polar-bears-abandoned-building-arctic

UK weather forecast: Rare snow grains to fall in bitter Polar blast 'Shows how cold it is'
BRITAIN is set to be pummelled by yet more winter weather as biting polar air from Scandinavia makes its way down the UK, bringing snow, hail and ice across the country.


https://www.express.co.uk/news/weather/1589283/UK-weather-forecast-latest-met-office-warnings-snow-ice-update-april-temperature

Cyclone watch issued for Northern Territory as low pressure system gains strength

https://www.9news.com.au/national/weather-update-cyclone-watch-issued-for-northern-territory-as-dangerous-rain-hits-queensland-prompting-more-warnings/99889959-793b-449e-82cf-e7472303ab29

Scientists Propose Pumping Trillions of Tons of Snow onto Antarctic Ice to Stop Melting
By Jan Wesner Childs

July 19, 2019

https://weather.com/science/environment/news/2019-07-18-save-arctic-ice-with-snow