A screenplay, or script, is a written work by screenwriters for a film, television show, or video game (as opposed to a stage play). A screenplay written for television is also known as a teleplay. Screenplays can be original works or adaptations from existing pieces of writing. A screenplay is a form of narration in which the movements, actions, expressions and dialogue of the characters are described in a certain format. Visual or cinematographic cues may be given, as well as scene descriptions and scene changes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screenplay
Theatre or theater[a] is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance. It is the oldest form of drama, though live theatre has now been joined by modern recorded forms. Elements of art, such as painted scenery and stagecraft such as lighting are used to enhance the physicality, presence and immediacy of the experience.[1] Places, normally buildings, where performances regularly take place are also called "theatres" (or "theaters"), as derived from the Ancient Greek θέατρον (théatron, "a place for viewing"), itself from θεάομαι (theáomai, "to see", "to watch", "to observe").[2]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre
Pitch is the number of (monospaced) letters, numbers and spaces in one inch (25.4 mm) of running text, that is, characters per inch (abbreviated cpi), measured horizontally.[1][2] The pitch was most often used as a measurement of the size of typewriter fonts as well as those of impact printers used with computers.
The most widespread fonts in typewriters are 10 and 12 pitch, called Pica and Elite, respectively.[1][2][3] Both fonts have the same x-height, yielding six lines per vertical inch.[3] There may be other font styles with various width: condensed or compressed (17–20 cpi), italic or bold (10 pitch), enlarged (5–8 cpi), and so on.
Pica, the typewriter font, should not be confused with pica, a unit equal to 1⁄6 of an inch or twelve points, usually measured vertically.
See also
- Copyfitting – Estimating the average number of characters per line for a proportionately spaced font.
- Courier (typeface) – Monospaced slab serif font of IBM
- Letter-spacing – Physical spacing of characters in text
- Proportional spacing – A proportional typeface contains glyphs of varying widths, while a monospaced (non-proportional or fixed-width) typeface uses a single standard width for all glyphs in the font. Consequently, the pitch of a proportionally spaced font is undefined.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(typewriter)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Typewriters
The IBM MT/ST (Magnetic Tape/Selectric Typewriter, and known in Europe as MT72[1]) was a model of the IBM Selectric typewriter, built into its own desk, integrated with magnetic tape recording and playback facilities, located in an attached enclosure, with controls and a bank of relays.[2] It was released by IBM in 1964.[3][4] It recorded text typed on 1/2" magnetic tape, approximately 25 kilobytes per tape cassette,[2] and allowed editing and re-recording during playback. It was the first system marketed as a word processor.[4] Most models had two tape drives, which greatly facilitated revision and enabled features such as mail merge.[4] An add-on module added a third tape station, to record the combined output of playback from the two stations.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_MT/ST
The IBM Electromatic Table Printing Machine was a typesetting-quality printer, consisting of a modified IBM Electromatic Proportional Spacing Typewriter connected to a modified IBM 016 keypunch. A plugboard control panel was used for programming and formatting of the printout.
A deck of punched cards containing the table (calculated and punched by other unit record equipment) to be printed was put into the IBM 016, which read them and then controlled the typing of the typewriter through a box containing solenoids that depressed the keys. Printed output could then be photographically reproduced on a printing plate, which would be used in a printing press to make as many copies as needed.[1][2]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Electromatic_Table_Printing_Machine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Impact_printers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONTACT-EXPLOSIVE-NUCLEAR-RATE-MAG-STRIPPERY-ETC.-DRAFT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Line_printers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONTENDRE-LINEAR-BLANK-CODE-JOKE-DRAFT-ROTARY-ETC.-DRAFT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_printer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servomechanism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASA_carriage_control_characters
The high-speed motion of the paper often developed large electrostatic charges. Line printers frequently used a variety of discharge brushes and active (corona discharge-based) static eliminators to discharge these accumulated charges.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_printer#Train_printer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELECTROSTATICS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STATS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STATICS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEMORY
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CODE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROCESS-AUTO-DEF-ZERO-ENV-RANGE-TETHER-TIME-DRAFT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETC.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUN-CORE-ROTARY-DRAFT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAG-DRAFT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARSENIC-DEVELOPER-ETC.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHEAR-PRESSURE-VERT-PRESS-VAR-ETC.-DRAFT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROTARY-NESTED-SYSTEM-CALIBRATION-MEASURE-REFINEMENT-ETC.-DRAFT
These continuous forms were advanced through the printer by means of tractors (sprockets or sprocket belts).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_printer#Train_printer
Standard "green bar" page sizes included portrait-format pages of 8½ × 11 inches (letter size), usually printed at 80 columns by 66 lines of characters (at 6 lines per inch) or 88 lines (at 8 LPI), and landscape-format pages of 14 × 11 inches, usually printed at 132 columns by 66 or 88 lines. Also common were landscape-format pages of 14 × 8½ inches (legal size), allowing for 132 columns by 66 lines (at 8 LPI) on a more compact page.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_printer#Train_printer
All line printers used continuous form paper provided in boxes of continuous fan-fold forms rather than cut-sheets. The paper was usually perforated to tear into cut sheets if desired and was commonly printed with alternating white and light-green areas, allowing the reader to easily follow a line of text across the page. This was the iconic "green bar", "blue bar" or "music-ruled" form that dominated the early computer age. Pre-printed forms were also commonly used (for printing cheques, invoices, etc.). A common task for the system operator was to change from one paper form to another as one print job completed and another was to begin. Some line printers had covers that opened automatically when the printer required attention.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_printer#Train_printer
Tabulators built by the U.S. Census Bureau for the 1910 census could print their results.[8] Prior to that, tabulator operators had to write down totals from counter wheels onto tally sheets.[9] IBM developed a series of printing accounting machines, beginning in 1920. The 285 Numeric Printing Tabulator could read 150 cards per minute. The 405, introduced in 1934, could print at 80 lines per minute. It had 88 type bars, one for each print position, with 43 alphanumeric bars on the left, followed by 45 numeric-only bars.[10][11] The IBM 402 series, introduced after World War II, had a similar print arrangement and was used by IBM in early computing devices, including the IBM Card-Programmed Electronic Calculator.[12]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_printer#Train_printer
Early mainframe printers were usually line printers. Line printers provide a limited set of commands to control how the paper is advanced when print lines are printed. The application writing reports, list, etc. to be printed has to include those commands in the print data. These single character print commands are called printer control characters.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Machine_Code_Printer_Control_Characters
How Printer Control Characters work
While mostly replaced by an electronic versions later on, line printers initially used a loop of punched paper tape to control the movement of the paper while printing. This tape is called a carriage control tape and is mounted on the printer. The looped carriage tape moves synchronously with the stream of fanfold paper.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Machine_Code_Printer_Control_Characters
The attribute for specifying the presence of print control characters is part of the Record Format (aka RECFM) attribute must therefore allow for two variants:
- RECFM=..A specifies that the data set contains ASA control characters.
- RECFM=..M specifies that the data set contains IBM machine control characters.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Machine_Code_Printer_Control_Characters
See also
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Machine_Code_Printer_Control_Characters
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