Ring dyeing is a type of dyeing fault in which dyes are partially diffused to the interior of fibre.[1][2] Most dyes are stained on to the fibre surface that form layer of dyes on to fibre surface. Thus around the fibre a ring-like appearance of the dye can be viewed cross-sectionally. This ring-like dye layer opposes further dye diffusion. This problem leads to poor wash fastness and rubbing fastness of dyed fabric, as well as other staining-related fastness properties.
The dye particles are not penetrated uniformly throughout the fibre structure due to several reasons like poor pre-treatment of yarn before dyeing, channeling of dye liquor circulation due to faulty loading of carriers with yarn wound packages, high density of packages (especially in cheese/cone dyeing) and many more.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_dyeing
References
- Rivers, M.C.; Barstow, M.; Mark, J. (2017). "Maclura tinctoria". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T61886731A61886745. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T61886731A61886745.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- "Maclura tinctoria". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- Goodwin, Jill (1982). A Dyer's Manual. London: Pelham Books Ltd. p. 60. ISBN 0-7207-1327-7.
- "Morus tinctoria". Retrieved 20 February 2010.
- Leite, Viviane Gonçalves; Mansano, Vidal Freitas; Pádua Teixeira, Simone (2018). "Floral development of Moraceae species with emphasis on the perianth and androecium". Flora. 240: 116–132. doi:10.1016/j.flora.2018.01.009.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maclura_tinctoria
Scientific classification 
| |
|---|---|
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Moraceae |
| Genus: | Maclura |
| Species: | M. tinctoria |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maclura_tinctoria
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