Decoupling usually refers to the ending, removal or reverse of coupling.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decoupling
In electronics, decoupling is the prevention of undesired coupling between subsystems.
A common example is connecting localized decoupling capacitors close to the power leads of integrated circuits to suppress coupling via the power supply connections. These act as a small localized energy reservoir that supply the circuit with current during transient, high current demand periods, preventing the voltage on the power supply rail from being pulled down by the momentary current load. Another common example of the use of decoupling capacitors is across the emitter bias resistor of transistor common emitter amplifiers to prevent the resistor absorbing a portion of the AC output power of the amplifier.
Lossy ferrite beads may also be used to isolate or 'island' sections of circuitry. These add a high series impedance (in contrast to the low parallel impedance added by decoupling capacitors) to the power supply rails, preventing high-frequency currents being drawn from elsewhere in the system.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decoupling_(electronics)
An opto-isolator (also called an optocoupler, photocoupler, or optical isolator) is an electronic component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits by using light.[1] Opto-isolators prevent high voltages from affecting the system receiving the signal.[2] Commercially available opto-isolators withstand input-to-output voltages up to 10 kV[3] and voltage transients with speeds up to 25 kV/μs.[4]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opto-isolator
An optical waveguide is a physical structure that guides electromagnetic waves in the optical spectrum. Common types of optical waveguides include optical fiber and transparent dielectric waveguides made of plastic and glass.
Optical waveguides are used as components in integrated optical circuits or as the transmission medium in local and long haul optical communication systems.
Optical waveguides can be classified according to their geometry (planar, strip, or fiber waveguides), mode structure (single-mode, multi-mode), refractive index distribution (step or gradient index) and material (glass, polymer, semiconductor).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waveguide_(optics)
Cavity optomechanics is a branch of physics which focuses on the interaction between light and mechanical objects on low-energy scales. It is a cross field of optics, quantum optics, solid-state physics and materials science. The motivation for research on cavity optomechanics comes from fundamental effects of quantum theory and gravity, as well as technological applications.[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavity_optomechanics
Galvanic isolation is a principle of isolating functional sections of electrical systems to prevent current flow; no direct conduction path is permitted.[1][2] Energy or information can still be exchanged between the sections by other means, such as capacitance, induction or electromagnetic waves, or by optical, acoustic or mechanical means.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanic_isolation
Mode coupling
In the term mode coupling, as used in physics and electrical engineering, the word "mode" refers to eigenmodes of an idealized, "unperturbed", linear system. The superposition principle says that eigenmodes of linear systems are independent of each other: it is possible to excite or to annihilate a specific mode without influencing any other mode; there is no dissipation. In most real systems, however, there is at least some perturbation that causes energy transfer between different modes. This perturbation, interpreted as an interaction between the modes, is what is called "mode coupling".
Important applications are:
- In fiber optics[1][2]
- In lasers (compare mode-locking)[3]
- In condensed-matter physics, critical slowing down can be described by a Coupled mode theory.[4]
See also[edit]
Dynamical decoupling
Dynamical decoupling (DD) is an open-loop quantum control technique employed in quantum computing to suppress decoherence by taking advantage of rapid, time-dependent control modulation. In its simplest form, DD is implemented by periodic sequences of instantaneous control pulses, whose net effect is to approximately average the unwanted system-environment coupling to zero.[1][2] Different schemes exist for designing DD protocols that use realistic bounded-strength control pulses,[3] as well as for achieving high-order error suppression,[4][5] and for making DD compatible with quantum gates.[6][7][8] In spin systems in particular, commonly used protocols for dynamical decoupling include the Carr-Purcell and the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill schemes.[9][10] They are based on the Hahn spin echo technique of applying periodic pulses to enable refocusing and hence extend the coherence times of qubits.
Periodic repetition of suitable high-order DD sequences may be employed to engineer a ‘stroboscopic saturation’ of qubit coherence, or coherence plateau, that can persist in the presence of realistic noise spectra and experimental control imperfections. This permits device-independent, high-fidelity data storage for computationally useful periods with bounded error probability.[11]
Dynamical decoupling has also been studied in a classical context for two coupled pendulums whose oscillation frequencies are modulated in time.[12]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamical_decoupling
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_protection#Radiation_Shielding
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_Fusion_Test_Facility
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet#VUV
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_biological_effectiveness
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_decay
No comments:
Post a Comment