Nikiya Anton Bettey 2021

	De facto (1)
Dependencies	;

Middle East
Area	7,207,575 km2 (2,782,860 sq mi)
Population	371 million (2010)
Countries	;

Uralic
Uralic
Finno-Ugric
Geographic; distribution	Central Europe, Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, and Northern Asia
Linguistic classification	One of the world's primary language families
Proto-language	Proto-Uralic
Subdivisions	Finnic; Hungarian; Khanty; Mansi; Mari; Mordvinic; Permic; Sámi; Samoyedic;
ISO 639-5	urj
Glottolog	ural1272
	Geographic distribution of the Uralic languages (Meänkieli, Kven and Ludic can be regarded as either languages or dialects).

The Uralic languages (/jʊəˈrælɪk/; sometimes called Uralian languages /jʊəˈreɪliən/) form a language family of 38^[1] languages spoken natively by approximately 25 million people, predominantly in Europe (over 99% of the family's speakers) and northern Asia (less than 1%). The Uralic languages with the most native speakers are Hungarian (which alone accounts for nearly 60% of speakers), Finnish, and Estonian. Other significant languages with fewer speakers are Erzya, Moksha, Mari, Udmurt, Sami, Komi, and Vepsian, all of which are spoken in northern regions of Scandinavia and the Russian Federation.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralic_languages

The Soviet Union,^[r] officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics^[s] (USSR),^[t] was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics;^[u] in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kiev (Ukrainian SSR), Minsk (Byelorussian SSR), Tashkent (Uzbek SSR), Alma-Ata (Kazakh SSR), and Novosibirsk (Russian SFSR). It was the largest country in the world, covering over 22,402,200 square kilometres (8,649,500 sq mi) and spanning eleven time zones.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term cold war is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two superpowers, but they each supported opposing sides in major regional conflicts known as proxy wars. The conflict was based on the ideological and geopolitical struggle for global influence by these two superpowers, following their roles as the Allies of World War II that led to victory against Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan in 1945.^[2] Aside from the nuclear arms race and conventional military deployment, the struggle for dominance was expressed via indirect means, such as psychological warfare, propaganda campaigns, espionage, far-reaching embargoes, sports diplomacy, and technological competitions like the Space Race.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War

Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye, pronounced [ˈtyɾcije]), officially the Republic of Türkiye (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti] (listen)), is a country located in the border of Southeast Europe and Asia. It is mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in West Asia, with a small portion called East Thrace on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq to the southeast; Syria and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest. Cyprus is off the south coast. Most of the country's citizens are ethnic Turks, while Kurds are the largest ethnic minority.^[4] Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city; Istanbul is its largest city and main financial centre.

One of the world's earliest permanently settled regions, present-day Turkey is home to important Neolithic sites like Göbekli Tepe, and was inhabited by ancient civilizations including the Hattians, Hittites, Anatolian peoples, Greeks, Assyrians, Persians, and others.^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey

Saudi Arabia,^[d] officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA),^[e] is a country in West Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about 2150000 km² (830000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the Arab world, and the largest in West Asia and the Middle East. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west; Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north; the Persian Gulf, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to the east; Oman to the southeast; and Yemen to the south. Bahrain is an island country off its east coast. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northwest separates Saudi Arabia from Egypt and Israel. Saudi Arabia is the only country with a coastline along both the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert, lowland, steppe, and mountains. Saudi Arabia's capital and largest city is Riyadh; the kingdom also is the location of Islam's two holiest cities of Mecca and Medina.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia

UN members (16)

UN observer (1)

External (1)

Internal (2)

Occupied (4)

UN buffers (2)
Languages

60 languages
Time zones	UTC+02:00, UTC+03:00, UTC+03:30, UTC+04:00, UTC+04:30
Largest cities

10 largest cities in the Middle East

The Middle East (term originally coined in English [see § Terminology]^{[note 1]}) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq. The term came into widespread usage as a replacement of the term Near East (as opposed to the Far East) beginning in the early 20th century. The term "Middle East" has led to some confusion over its changing definitions,^[2] and being seen as too Eurocentric.^[3] The region includes the vast majority of the territories included in the closely associated definition of West Asia, but without the South Caucasus, and additionally includes all of Egypt (not just the Sinai) and all of Turkey (not just the part barring East Thrace).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Austrailia)

Commonwealth of Australia
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "Advance Australia Fair"^{[N 1]} 0:55
Commonwealth of Australia Australian territorial claim in Antarctica
Capital	Canberra 35°18′29″S 149°07′28″E
Largest city	Sydney (metropolitan) Melbourne (urban)^[a]
Official languages	None at the federal level
National language	English^{[N 2]}
Religion (2021)^[6]	43.9% Christianity 38.9% no religion 3.2% Islam 2.7% Hinduism 2.4% Buddhism 1.7% other 7.2% unanswered^[5]
Demonym(s)	Australian Aussie (colloquial)^[7]^[8]
Government	Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy

• Monarch	Charles III
• Governor-General	David Hurley
• Prime Minister	Anthony Albanese
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	House of Representatives
Independence from the United Kingdom

• Federation and Constitution	1 January 1901
• Statute of Westminster Adoption Act	9 October 1942 (with effect from 3 September 1939)
• Australia Act	3 March 1986
Area
• Total	7,692,024^[9] km² (2,969,907 sq mi) (6th)
• Water (%)	1.79 (2015)^[10]
Population
• 2023 estimate	26,712,600^[11] (53rd)
• 2021 census	25,890,773^[12]
• Density	3.5/km² (9.1/sq mi) (192nd)
GDP (PPP)	2023 estimate
• Total	$1.718 trillion^[13] (20th)
• Per capita	$65,366^[13] (22nd)
GDP (nominal)	2023 estimate
• Total	$1.708 trillion^[13] (13th)
• Per capita	$64,964^[13] (10th)
Gini (2018)	32.5^[14] medium
HDI (2021)	0.951^[15] very high · 5th
Currency	Australian dollar ($) (AUD)
Time zone	UTC+8; +9.5; +10 (various^{[N 3]})
• Summer (DST)	UTC+8; +9.5; +10; +10.5; +11 (various^{[N 3]})
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy^[16]
Driving side	left
Calling code	+61
ISO 3166 code	AU
Internet TLD	.au

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia,^[17] is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.^[18] Australia is the largest country by area in Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country. Australia is the oldest,^[19] flattest,^[20] and driest inhabited continent,^[21]^[22] with the least fertile soils.^[23]^[24] It is a megadiverse country, and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and climates, with deserts in the centre, tropical rainforests in the north-east, tropical savannas in the north, and mountain ranges in the south-east.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Latin america)

Latin America

Area	20,111,457 km² (7,765,077 sq mi)^[1]
Population	656,098,097 (2021 est.)^[2]^[3]^[a]
Population density	31/km² (80/sq mi)
Ethnic groups	35% Mixed Indigenous and European heritage (Mestizo) 25% White Latin Americans 19% Mixed African and European heritage (Mulatto) 11% Indigenous peoples of the Americas 6% Afro–Latin Americans 3% Other 1% Asian Latin Americans
Religions	76.2% Christianity 18% No religion 5.8% Other^[4]
Demonym	Latin American
Countries	20^[b]
Dependencies	14
Languages	Romance languages Others: Quechua, Mayan languages, Haitian Creole, Antillean Creole, Guaraní, Aymara, Nahuatl, English, German, Italian, Dutch, Mapudungun, Yiddish, Welsh, Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Greek, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, other languages
Time zones	UTC−02:00 to UTC−08:00
Largest cities	Largest urban areas: 1. São Paulo 2. Mexico City 3. Buenos Aires 4. Rio de Janeiro 5. Bogotá 6. Lima 7. Santiago 8. Guadalajara 9. Monterrey 10. Belo Horizonte
UN M49 code	`419` – Latin America and the Caribbean `019` – Americas `001` – World

Latin America^[c] is a cultural concept denoting the Americas where Romance languages—languages derived from Latin —are predominant.^[5] The term was coined in France in the mid-19th century to refer to regions in the Americas that were ruled by the Spanish, Portuguese, and French empires. The term does not have a precise definition, but it is "commonly used to describe South America, Central America, Mexico, and the islands of the Caribbean."^[6] In a narrow sense, it refers to Spanish America and Brazil (Portuguese America).^[7] The term "Latin America" is broader than categories such as Hispanic America, which specifically refers to Spanish-speaking countries; and Ibero-America, a term not generally used that specifically refers to both Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries while leaving French and British excolonies aside.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America

Africa

Area	30,370,000 km² (11,730,000 sq mi) (2nd)
Population	1,393,676,444^[1]^[2] (2021; 2nd)
Population density	46.1/km² (119.4/sq mi) (2021)
GDP (PPP)	$8.05 trillion (2022 est; 4th)^[3]
GDP (nominal)	$2.96 trillion (2022 est; 5th)^[4]
GDP per capita	$2,180 (Nominal; 2022 est; 6th)^[5]
Religions	Christianity (49%) Islam (42%) Traditional faiths (8%) Others (1%)^[6]
Demonym	African
Countries	54+2+5* (disputed) (*territories)
Dependencies	External (5) Internal (6+1 disputed)
Languages	1250–3000 native languages
Time zones	UTC-1 to UTC+4
Largest cities	Largest urban areas: Cairo Lagos Kinshasa Johannesburg Luanda Khartoum Dar es Salaam Abidjan Alexandria Kigali Nairobi Algiers Cape Town Kano Dakar Casablanca Addis Ababa Kampala

The size of Africa compared to the other continents

Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both aspects. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surface area.^[7] With 1.4 billion people^[1]^[2] as of 2021, it accounts for about 18% of the world's human population. Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents;^[8]^[9] the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4.^[10] Despite a wide range of natural resources, Africa is the least wealthy continent per capita and second-least wealthy by total wealth, ahead of Oceania. Scholars have attributed this to different factors including geography, climate, tribalism,^[11] colonialism, the Cold War,^[12]^[13] neocolonialism, lack of democracy, and corruption.^[11] Despite this low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion and the large and young population make Africa an important economic market in the broader global context.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa

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Republic of Latvia Latvijas Republika (Latvian) Latvejas Republika (Latgalian) Lețmō Vabāmō (Livonian)
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Dievs, svētī Latviju! (Latvian) ("God Bless Latvia!") 1:46
Location of Latvia (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green) – [Legend]
Capital and largest city	Riga 56°57′N 24°6′E
Official languages	Latvian^a
Recognized languages	Livonian Latgalian
Ethnic groups (2022^[1])	63.0% Latvians 24.2% Russians 3.1% Belarusians 2.2% Ukrainians 1.9% Poles 1.1% Lithuanians 0.3% Roma 0.2% Jews 4% others / unspecified
Religion (2018)^[2]	64% Christianity 36% Lutheranism 17% Catholicism 9% Orthodoxy 2% other Christian 35% no religion 1% others
Demonym(s)	Latvian
Government	Unitary parliamentary republic

• President	Edgars Rinkēvičs
• Prime Minister	Krišjānis Kariņš
• Speaker of the Saeima	Edvards Smiltēns
Legislature	Saeima
Independence from Germany and the Soviet Union

• Declared^[3]	18 November 1918
• Recognised	26 January 1921
• Constitution adopted	7 November 1922
• Restored after Soviet occupation^[4]	21 August 1991
• Joined the EU	1 May 2004
Area
• Total	64,589 km² (24,938 sq mi) (122nd)
• Water (%)	2.09 (2015)^[5]
Population
• 2022 estimate	1,842,226^[6] (146th)
• Density	29.6/km² (76.7/sq mi) (147th)
GDP (PPP)	2022 estimate
• Total	$72.03 billion^[7] (105th)
• Per capita	$38,124^[7] (48th)
GDP (nominal)	2022 estimate
• Total	$40.588 billion^[7] (100th)
• Per capita	$21,482^[7] (44th)
Gini (2021)	35.7^[8] medium
HDI (2021)	0.863^[9] very high · 39th
Currency	Euro (€) (EUR)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy
Driving side	right
Calling code	+371
ISO 3166 code	LV
Internet TLD	.lv^c
Latvian is the sole official language.^[10]^[11] Livonian is considered an indigenous language and has special legal status.^[12] Latgalian written language and Latvian Sign Language also have special legal status.^[13] Latvia is de jure continuous with its declaration of 18 November 1918. The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states.

Republic of Bulgaria Република България Republika Bǎlgariya
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Съединението прави силата Sǎedinenieto pravi silata ("Unity makes strength")
Anthem: Мила Родино Mila Rodino ("Dear Motherland")
Location of Bulgaria (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green) – [Legend]
Capital and largest city	Sofia 42°41′N 23°19′E
Official languages	Bulgarian^[1]
Official script	Cyrillic
Ethnic groups (2021)^[2]	84.6% Bulgarians 8.4% Turks 4.4% Roma 2.6% other^{[note 1]}
Religion (2021)^[2]	71.5% Christianity 5.2% No religion 10.8% Islam 0.1% other 12.4% unanswered
Demonym(s)	Bulgarian
Government	Unitary parliamentary republic

• President	Rumen Radev
• Vice President	Iliana Iotova
• Prime Minister	Nikolai Denkov
• Chairperson of the National Assembly	Rosen Zhelyazkov
Legislature	National Assembly
Establishment history

• 1st Bulgarian Empire	681–1018
• 2nd Bulgarian Empire	1185–1396
• Principality of Bulgaria	3 March 1878
• Independence from the Ottoman Empire	5 October 1908
• Monarchy abolished	15 September 1946
• Current state form	15 November 1990
• Joined NATO	29 March 2004
• Joined the European Union	1 January 2007
Area
• Total	110,993.6^[3] km² (42,854.9 sq mi) (103rd)
• Water (%)	2.16^[4]
Population
• 2022 estimate	6,447,710 (109th)
• Density	63/km² (163.2/sq mi) (154th)
GDP (PPP)	2022 estimate
• Total	US$203 billion^[5] (73rd)
• Per capita	$27,890^[5] (55th)
GDP (nominal)	2023 estimate
• Total	$100 billion^[5] (71st)
• Per capita	$14,893^[5] (60th)
Gini (2021)	39.7^[6] medium
HDI (2021)	0.796^[7] high · 68th
Currency	Lev (BGN)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Date format	dd.mm.yyyy
Driving side	right
Calling code	+359
ISO 3166 code	BG
Internet TLD	.bg .бг

Samara Самара
City^[1]
Top: View of Samara skyline along the Volga river Middle: Sacred Heart Church, Soyuz launch vehicle (left to right) Bottom: Samara Railway Station, Samara Regional Art Museum (left to right)
Flag Coat of arms

Government
Location of Samara
Samara Location of Samara Show map of Samara OblastShow map of European RussiaShow map of EuropeShow all
Coordinates: 53°12′10″N 50°08′27″E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Samara Oblast^[2]
Founded	1586^[3]
City status since	1688^[4]
• Body	Duma^[5]
• Mayor^[6]	Yelena Lapushkina^[6]
Area ^[7]
• Total	541.382 km² (209.029 sq mi)
Elevation	100 m (300 ft)
Population (2010 Census)^[8]
• Total	1,164,685
• Estimate (2018)^[9]	1,163,399 (−0.1%)
• Rank	sixth in 2010
• Density	2,200/km² (5,600/sq mi)
Administrative status
• Subordinated to	city of oblast significance of Samara^[2]
• Capital of	Samara Oblast,^[2] Volzhsky District^[1]
Municipal status
• Urban okrug	Samara Urban Okrug^[10]
• Capital of	Samara Urban Okrug,^[10] Volzhsky Municipal District^[11]
Time zone	UTC+4 (MSK+1 ^[12])
Postal code(s)^[13]	443XXX
Dialing code(s)	+7 846^[14]
OKTMO ID	36701000001

Nikiya Anton Bettey 2021

Blog Archive

Tuesday, August 29, 2023

08-29-2023-1628 - draft (latvia, switzerland, swiss confederacy, bulgarian empire, turkey, syria, siberia, serbia, saudi arabia, middle east, africa, latin america, austrailia, australia, poles, etc., draft)

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Uralic
Finno-Ugric
Geographic distribution	Central Europe, Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, and Northern Asia
Linguistic classification	One of the world's primary language families
Proto-language	Proto-Uralic
Subdivisions	Finnic Hungarian Khanty Mansi Mari Mordvinic Permic Sámi Samoyedic
ISO 639-5	`urj`
Glottolog	`ural1272`
Geographic distribution of the Uralic languages (Meänkieli, Kven and Ludic can be regarded as either languages or dialects).


Area	7,207,575 km² (2,782,860 sq mi)
Population	371 million (2010)^[1]
Countries