Osteomyelitis (OM) is an infection of bone.[1] Symptoms may include pain in a specific bone with overlying redness, fever, and weakness.[1] The long bones of the arms and legs are most commonly involved in children e.g. the femur and humerus,[7] while the feet, spine, and hips are most commonly involved in adults.[2]
The cause is usually a bacterial infection,[1][7][2] but rarely can be a fungal infection.[8] It may occur by spread from the blood or from surrounding tissue.[4] Risks for developing osteomyelitis include diabetes, intravenous drug use, prior removal of the spleen, and trauma to the area.[1] Diagnosis is typically suspected based on symptoms and basic laboratory tests as CRP and ESR.This is because plain radiographs are unremarkable in the first few days following acute infection.[7][2] This is then supported by blood tests, medical imaging, or bone biopsy.[2]
Treatment of bacterial osteomyelitis often involves both antimicrobials and surgery.[7][4] In those with poor blood flow, amputation may be required.[2] Treatment of the relatively rare fungal osteomyelitis as mycetoma infections entails antifungal medications.[9] In contrast to bacterial osteomyelitis, amputation or large bony resections is a more common fate of neglected fungal osteomyelitis namely mycetoma where infections of the foot account for the majority of cases.[8][9] Treatment outcomes of bacterial osteomyelitis are generally good when the condition has only been present a short time.[7][2]About 2.4 per 100,000 people are affected a year.[6] The young and old are more commonly affected.[7][1] Males are more commonly affected than females.[3] The condition was described at least as early as the 300s BC by Hippocrates.[4] Before the availability of antibiotics the risk of death was significant.[10]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteomyelitis
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