Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or S/N) is a measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise. SNR is defined as the ratio of signal power to the noise power, often expressed in decibels. A ratio higher than 1:1 (greater than 0 dB) indicates more signal than noise.
SNR, bandwidth, and channel capacity of a communication channel are connected by the Shannon–Hartley theorem.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alignment_level
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_variation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantization_(signal_processing)#Noise
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_engineer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lock-in_amplifier
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation#Sports
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_elasticity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elasticity_(physics)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shearing_(physics)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilatancy_(granular_material)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_compaction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debris_flow
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefaction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pore_water_pressure
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_mechanics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadose_zone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_action
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohesion_(chemistry)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermolecular_force
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper-based_microfluidics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_action
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge_(tool)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(element)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worsted
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_lubricator#Wick_feed_lubricator
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpiration
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylem#Cohesion-tension_theory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholander_pressure_bomb
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure-volume_curves
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotic_pressure
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_cleaning
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Bromopropane
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalgam_(chemistry)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury(II)_chloride
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublimation_(phase_transition)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoscience
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_recombination
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmable_matter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-replicating_machine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_gas_automaton
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_biology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmable_matter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_microfabrication
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmable_matter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_assembler
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerogel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_metal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductive_polymer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_acetylenic_carbon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamaterial_cloaking
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_foam
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-function_structure
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powered_exoskeleton
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephemeralization
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_singularity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_scouting
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_depletion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_resource_classification
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Instrument_43-101
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Classification_for_Resources
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Resource_extraction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_camp
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_mines_doctrine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Agricultural_terminology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magical_objects_in_Harry_Potter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisibility_Cloak
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_of_invisibility
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloaking_device
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stealth_technology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation-absorbent_material
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_compatibility
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spark_gap
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_machine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning_arrester
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/tether
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephony
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave_transmission
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observable_universe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_lens
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsec#Megaparsecs_and_gigaparsecs
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_background_radiation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_infrared_background
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallicity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_wind
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis#Hydrogen_fusion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_radiation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_body
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_zero
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy_of_vaporization
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercritical_fluid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercritical_water_reactor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_circulation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent#Black_smokers_and_white_smokers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy_of_fusion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_transition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_transition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitrification
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_china
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_dioxide
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_carbonate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomelting
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_waste
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-level_waste
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardous_waste
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosive_substance
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustibility_and_flammability
Finely divided wood dust can undergo explosive flames and produce a blast wave. A piece of paper (made from wood) catches on fire quite easily. A heavy oak desk is much harder to ignite, even though the wood fibre is the same in all three materials.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustibility_and_flammability
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_explosion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_ore
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorofluorocarbon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_destruction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossy_material
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Electric_and_magnetic_fields_in_matter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_structure_of_Earth#Core
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_differentiation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_pressure
Radiation pressure from reflection
The above treatment for an incident wave accounts for the radiation pressure experienced by a black (totally absorbing) body. If the wave is specularly reflected, then the recoil due to the reflected wave will further contribute to the radiation pressure. In the case of a perfect reflector, this pressure will be identical to the pressure caused by the incident wave:
thus doubling the net radiation pressure on the surface:
For a partially reflective surface, the second term must be multiplied by the reflectivity (also known as reflection coefficient of intensity), so that the increase is less than double. For a diffusely reflective surface, the details of the reflection and geometry must be taken into account, again resulting in an increased net radiation pressure of less than double.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_pressure
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon_epoch
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/spinor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/spinodal_decomposition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/shear
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodissociation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_gradient
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodissociation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophosphorylation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_oxidizer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rster_resonance_energy_transfer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exciton
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_paraelectricity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon_magnetic_moment
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_nuclear_magnetic_resonance
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_dipole_moment
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/time
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/space
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetomotive_force
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_scalar_potential
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetization
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_field
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_particle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_polarization
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/drag
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dry_thrust
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/frictionless
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/strain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/turgor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/anchor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomalous_magnetic_dipole_moment
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex_function
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex_sheet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/shear_plane
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/drb_dre_sarge
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_action
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_field_theory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/distance
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/travel_path
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical_quantization#Real_scalar_field
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_(physics)#Operators_in_quantum_mechanics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalue
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_of_zero
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_bone-setting
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence_(philosophical_gambling_strategy)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocene
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-point_energy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_field_(physics)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-contact_force
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_interaction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_epoch
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_the_universe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_cosmology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primordial_black_hole
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_filament
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_decay
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_of_an_expanding_universe#Dark_Era_(without_proton_decay)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_the_universe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_vacuum_decay#Implications
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekpyrotic_universe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_(cosmology)#String_gas_cosmology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion_of_the_universe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warm_inflation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_mechanism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphaleron
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryogenesis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiral_symmetry_breaking
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptogenesis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiral_anomaly
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP_violation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_decay
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fission
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-lived_fission_product
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