05-14-2023-1429 - Nutrition Subdomains, Topics, etc. (draft)

The Harris–Benedict equation (also called the Harris-Benedict principle) is a method used to estimate an individual's basal metabolic rate (BMR).

The estimated BMR value may be multiplied by a number that corresponds to the individual's activity level; the resulting number is the approximate daily kilocalorie intake to maintain current body weight.

The Harris-Benedict equation may be used to assist weight loss — by reducing the kilocalorie intake number below the estimated maintenance intake of the equation.^{[citation needed]}

Calculating the Harris-Benedict BMR

The original Harris–Benedict equations were published in 1918 and 1919.^[1][2]

Sex	Units	Calculation
Men	Metric	BMR = 66.473 + ( 13.7516 × weight in kg ) + ( 5.0033 × height in cm ) – ( 6.755 × age in years )
	Imperial	BMR = 66 + ( 6.2 × weight in pounds ) + ( 12.7 × height in inches ) – ( 6.76 × age in years )
Women	Metric	BMR = 655.0955 + ( 9.5634 × weight in kg ) + ( 1.8496 × height in cm ) – ( 4.6756 × age in years )
	Imperial	BMR = 65.5 + ( 4.35 × weight in pounds ) + ( 4.7 × height in inches ) - ( 4.7 × age in years )

The Harris–Benedict equations revised by Roza and Shizgal in 1984.^[3]

Men	BMR = 88.362 + (13.397 × weight in kg) + (4.799 × height in cm) - (5.677 × age in years)
Women	BMR = 447.593 + (9.247 × weight in kg) + (3.098 × height in cm) - (4.330 × age in years)

The 95% confidence range for men is ±213.0 kcal/day, and ±201.0 kcal/day for women.

The Harris–Benedict equations revised by Mifflin and St Jeor in 1990:^[4]

Men	BMR = (10 × weight in kg) + (6.25 × height in cm) - (5 × age in years) + 5
Women	BMR = (10 × weight in kg) + (6.25 × height in cm) - (5 × age in years) - 161

History

The Harris-Benedict equation sprang from a study by James Arthur Harris and Francis Gano Benedict, which was published in 1919 by the Carnegie Institution of Washington in the monograph A Biometric Study Of Basal Metabolism In Man. A 1984 revision improved its accuracy. Mifflin et al. published an equation more predictive for modern lifestyles in 1990.^[4] Later work produced BMR estimators that accounted for lean body mass.

Issues in dietary use

As the BMR equations do not attempt to take into account body composition, identical results can be calculated for a very muscular person, and an overweight person, who are both the same height, weight, age and gender. As muscle and fat require differing amounts of calories to maintain, the TEE estimates will not be accurate for such cases.

The paper behind the latest update (Mifflin et al) to the BMR formula states all participants in their study fall within the 'normal' and 'overweight' body mass index (BMI) categories, and so the results also do not necessarily apply to those in the 'underweight' or 'obese' BMI categories.

See also

• Food energy
• Resting metabolic rate
• Institute of Medicine Equation
• Schofield equation

Cited sources

1. 
   

Harris JA, Benedict FG (1918). "A Biometric Study of Human Basal Metabolism". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 4 (12): 370–3. Bibcode:1918PNAS....4..370H. doi:10.1073/pnas.4.12.370. PMC 1091498. PMID 16576330.

A Biometric Study of Basal Metabolism in Man. J. Arthur Harris and Francis G. Benedict. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution, 1919.

Roza AM, Shizgal HM (1984). "The Harris Benedict equation reevaluated: resting energy requirements and the body cell mass". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 40 (1): 168–82. doi:10.1093/ajcn/40.1.168. PMID 6741850.

4. Mifflin MD, St Jeor ST, Hill LA, Scott BJ, Daugherty SA, Koh YO (1990). "A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 51 (2): 241–7. doi:10.1093/ajcn/51.2.241. PMID 2305711.

External links

• Harris-Benedict BMI Calculator at WebMD
• About.com's BMR Calculator

Categories:

• Nutrition
• Equations

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris%E2%80%93Benedict_equation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Equations

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mass

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Obesity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Nutrition

The Institute of Medicine Equation was published in September 2002. It is the equation which is behind the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the new food pyramid, MyPyramid.

The Institute of Medicine equation uses a different approach to most others. The equation doesn't measure basal metabolic rate, but uses experiments based on doubly labelled water. The scientists at the Institute of Medicine said in their report that the factorial method tended to underestimate calorie expenditure.

Equations

The Estimated Energy Requirement, ${\displaystyle \text{EER}}$, is the estimated number of daily kilocalories, or Calories, an individual requires in order to maintain his or her current weight. For a person with a body mass of ${\displaystyle m}$ (kg), height of ${\displaystyle h}$ (m), age of ${\displaystyle a}$ (years) and Physical Activity ${\displaystyle \text{PA}}$, this is given by

• Adult Men: ${\displaystyle \text{EER}=662-(9.53\times a)+\text{PA}\times ((15.91\times m)+(539.6\times h))}$
• Adult Women: ${\displaystyle \text{EER}=354-(6.91\times a)+\text{PA}\times ((9.36\times m)+(726\times h))}$
• Boys Age 3-18: ${\displaystyle \text{EER}=88.5-(61.9\times a)+\text{PA}\times ((26.7\times m)+(903\times h))}$
• Girls Age 3-18: ${\displaystyle \text{EER}=135.3-(30.8\times a)+\text{PA}\times ((10\times m)+(934\times h))}$
• Toddlers aged 2: ${\displaystyle \text{EER}=89\times m-80}$

These equations are for healthy weight children and adults. Correction formulae are used for overweight and obese individuals. These corrections for children and adolescents have been debated by S. J. Woodruff, R. M. Hanning, and S. I. Barr in a paper in Obesity Reviews published January 1, 2009. The issue is whether or not the different formulae are actually necessary or possibly even harmful if overestimate occurs and thus contributes to an even higher and unhealthier body weight in these individuals.^[1] However, they are as follows:

• Obese Girls Age 3-18: ${\displaystyle \text{EER}=389-(41.2\times a)+\text{PA}\times ((15.0\times m)+(701.6\times h))}$
• Obese Boys Age 3-18: ${\displaystyle \text{EER}=-114-(50.9\times a)+\text{PA}\times ((19.5\times m)+(1161.4\times h))}$

${\displaystyle \text{PA}}$ is the Physical Activity coefficient. The activity coefficients are tabulated below:

Activity Level	Boys aged 3–18	Obese boys aged 3–18	Girls aged 3–18	Obese girls aged 3–18	Adult men	Adult women
Sedentary	1	1	1	1	1	1
Moderately Active	1.13	1.12	1.16	1.18	1.11	1.12
Active	1.26	1.24	1.31	1.35	1.25	1.27
Very Active	1.42	1.45	1.56	1.6	1.48	1.45

Sedentary means only the light physical activity associated with independent living, moderately active means about half an hour of moderate to vigorous exercise in addition to this. Active means at least an hour of exercise and very active means being physically active for several hours each day.

See also

• Harris–Benedict equation
• Schofield equation

External links

The calculation can be done automatically at these sites:

• https://www.caltools.net
• https://web.archive.org/web/20120309023508/http://www.foodboxit.com/tools/eer-calculator
• https://web.archive.org/web/20090116152958/http://www.bcm.edu/cnrc/caloriesneed.htm
• https://web.archive.org/web/20070104100813/http://www.kidsnutrition.org/consumer/nyc/vol1_03/energy_calculator.htm if aged under 19.
• http://www.bodyengine.com/app/demo.html - EER for the current and goal weight on a dynamic chart.
• http://www.pbskids.org/teletubbies/

References

1. 
   

1. Woodruff, S. J., Hanning, R. M., & Barr, S. I. (2009). Energy recommendations for normal weight, overweight and obese children and adolescents: are different equations necessary?. Obesity Reviews, 10(1), 103-108. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00525.x

• https://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/dietary-reference-intakes

Category:

• Human body weight

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Medicine_Equation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_body_weight

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Weight_classes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_size

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Weight_loss

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_body_weight

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropometric_history

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_weight

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_mass_index

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_shape_index

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Human_body_weight

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_states_ranking_by_underweight_people

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_body_mass

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overweight

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underweight

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight_cutting

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schofield_equation

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fda

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorexia_nervosa

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calorie_restriction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieting

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_fasting

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_energy#Recommended_daily_intake

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apathy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasting

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very-low-calorie_diet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typographical_error

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant_in_the_room

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight_loss_camp

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_fat_percentage

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_composition

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_body_mass

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_consistency

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_density

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catabolism

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_homeostasis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioenergetics

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_dynamic_action

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_dynamic_action

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_homeostasis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calorie

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighing_scale

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloric_deficit

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Auxology

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearance_(pharmacology)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mathematics_in_medicine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_rate

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calorie

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resting_metabolic_rate

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_consumption

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloric_deficit

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioenergetics 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calorimeter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calorimetry

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermogenesis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_dynamic_action

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermogenesis

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartaric_acid