The underlying mechanism involves insufficient calcification of the growth plate.[6]Diagnosis is generally based on blood tests finding a low calcium, low phosphorus, and a high alkaline phosphatase together with X-rays.[2]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickets
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus
Rickettsia | |
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Red-stained Rickettsia rickettsii visible in cells of an Ixodid vector tick |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickettsia
Anaplasmosis | |
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Anaplasma centrale infecting the red blood cells of a cow: The arrow points to typical infected cell. | |
Specialty | Veterinary medicine |
Rickettsialpox | |
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Rickettsialpox lesion | |
Specialty | Infectious disease |
Prognosis | Resolves in 2-3 weeks without treatment |
Virus, Bacters; cell.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Health_effects_of_tobacco
Inflammation.
Arsphenamine, also known as Salvarsan or compound 606, is a drug that was introduced at the beginning of the 1910s as the first effective treatment for syphilis and African trypanosomiasis.[2] This organoarsenic compound was the first modern antimicrobial agent.[3]
Palmitoylation is the covalent attachment of fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, to cysteine (S-palmitoylation) and less frequently to serine and threonine (O-palmitoylation) residues of proteins, which are typically membrane proteins.[2]The precise function of palmitoylation depends on the particular protein being considered. Palmitoylation enhances the hydrophobicity of proteins and contributes to their membrane association. Palmitoylation also appears to play a significant role in subcellular trafficking of proteins between membrane compartments,[3]as well as in modulating protein–protein interactions.[4] In contrast to prenylation and myristoylation, palmitoylation is usually reversible (because the bond between palmitic acid and protein is often a thioester bond). The reverse reaction in mammalian cells is catalyzed by acyl-protein thioesterases (APTs) in the cytosol and palmitoyl protein thioesterases in lysosomes. Because palmitoylation is a dynamic, post-translational process, it is believed to be employed by the cell to alter the subcellular localization, protein–protein interactions, or binding capacities of a protein.
An example of a protein that undergoes palmitoylation is hemagglutinin, a membrane glycoprotein used by influenza to attach to host cell receptors.[5] The palmitoylation cycles of a wide array of enzymes have been characterized in the past few years, including H-Ras, GsĪ±, the Ī²2-adrenergic receptor, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). In signal transduction via G protein, palmitoylation of the Ī± subunit, prenylation of the Ī³ subunit, and myristoylation is involved in tethering the G protein to the inner surface of the plasma membrane so that the G protein can interact with its receptor.[6]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmitoylation
Peripatus | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Onychophora |
Class: | Udeonychophora |
Order: | Euonychophora |
Family: | Peripatidae |
Genus: | Peripatus Guilding, 1826 |
Species | |
See text |
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