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Thursday, August 12, 2021

08-11-2021-2157 - drafting 1005

Severe and prolonged immunosuppression is a corollary of treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), which heightens the risk of complications associated with COVID-19. Much remains to be known about incidence, management and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with cancer in general, and leukemias in particular. We report on a case of a young adult male with T-ALL, who was receiving chemotherapy and developed COVID-19.

Common rads and virus symbiosis in CL1=L5 env.

splenomegaly

Splenots, Lungules, Brain, Bone, Immune, Haemotics, Cellular, eye, lung-card-neur, viridae cell, blood parasite, dysequil, electrolyte, fluid imbalance, degeneration due disease, etc.. parasite, scarring, bacterial sepsis, std pt inclined to overdose on rads, fibrotics, metastasis, leuks, chronic or acute reoccurring or acute, white matters (decaying matter, fungies), etc.

These findings, along with bilateral infiltrates in the chest X-ray were consistent with Aspergillus infection.

Fungees, blood flukes/lukes/etc. 
  • X-rays for air pockets in affected tissues
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_gangrene

He then received intensification with high-dose methotrexate and cranial irradiation, followed by consolidation.

(A one-pot synthesis of cisplatin from K2PtCl4 has been developed. It relies on the slow release of ammonia from ammonium acetate.[38] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisplatin)

(1.pancreatitis,

2. bone marrow suppression (aplastic anemia),

3. malignancy (lymphoproliferative disorders),

4. infections,

5. interstitial pneumonitis, and

6. renal failure are other potentially life-threatening side effects.[15][16]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556114/)

( methotrexate in HIV/AIDS, blood dyscrasias, renal dysfunction, radiotherapy.[16] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556114/

* pref to alkylation agents; due fundamental incompat alk agen w/ rad etc. esp in USA NAC DOM ENV

Methotrexate may also cause reactivation of tuberculosis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556114/

* pref to alkylation agents; due fundamental incompat of alk agen w/ rad etc. esp in USA NAC DOM ENV

Bone marrow toxicity as myelosuppression can occur due to folate deficiency. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556114/)*

* necrotization, gangrene, itis, osis, infection dissem, etc.. HIV, HTLV1, COVID, viridae, virions, etc. folate dangerous in immunosuppr, tumor env, cell equilibrating, heavy rad-nondegen smods/smolds/genotoxs/drugs/etc., etc..

(HDMTX ...In the case of renal failure, adequate hydration and urinary alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate are necessary. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556114/)(The three antidotes used for MTX toxicity are leucovorin, thymidine, and glucarpidase.[12] Leucovorin is the reduced active form of folic acid. It rescues normal cells from the toxic effects caused by MTX’s inhibition of reduced folates.[17] Leucovorin is particularly effective in preventing myelosuppression, gastrointestinal toxicity, and neurotoxicity during methotrexate treatment. Thymidine rescues cells from the cytotoxic effects of MTX; however, its use is still under investigation and is always given together with the other drugs. Glucarpidase converts methotrexate into DAMPA and glutamate, two nontoxic metabolites, thus rapidly removing methotrexate in patients with renal dysfunction. Glucarpidase, in combination with leucovorin, is a common therapy for MTX toxicity. A single dose of glucarpidase reduces plasma methotrexate concentrations by 97% or more within 15 minutes. Hydration and urine alkalinization is also continued in patients requiring glucarpidase. Leucovorin therapy should continue for 48 hours after glucarpidase administration.[17]
medications that interfere with methotrexate clearance (e.g., NSAIDs, salicylates, TMP, penicillin, warfarin, valproate, proton pump inhibitors, cyclosporin, cisplatin).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556114/)

Polyene; Alkylating antineoplastic agent
(Google)

08-11-2021-1744 - rna world, virusoids, prion, plasmid, non-cellular life/acellular life, viroids, circular rna, etc.
soil, water, air, stp, aerosol trans, etc.
water-air-earth-fire

consolidation block 4 chemotherapy, he developed febrile neutropenia and was prescribed granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)

* Interferon — Interferon alfa (IFNa) is occasionally used to treat hairy cell leukemia, Kaposi sarcoma, melanoma, and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). IFNa is associated with a variety of substantial toxicities, which may limit the ability to deliver a full course of therapy [1]. Frequent systemic toxicities include flu-like symptoms (myalgias, nausea, vomiting, arthralgias, fever, chills, and headache) and depression. The flu-like symptoms tend to be worse at the onset of therapy and usually improve with time https://www.uptodate.com/contents/neurologic-complications-of-cancer-treatment-with-molecularly-targeted-and-biologic-agents/print

* Moreover, combinations with bacterial toxins and radioimmunoconjugates have also had limited success.

*Understanding CD30 biology and therapeutic targeting: a historical perspective providing insight into future directions
C A van der Weyden,
S A Pileri,
A L Feldman,
J Whisstock &
H M PrinceBlood Cancer Journal

volume 7, page e603 (2017)Cite this article https://www.nature.com/articles/bcj201785

febrile neutropenia

* Moreover, combinations with bacterial toxins and radioimmunoconjugates have also had limited success. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28885612/

* https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/182/3/808/870639

* Synchronous Antithyroid Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis and Fournier Gangrene https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2376060520304454

* Fulminant gas gangrene in an adolescent with immunodeficiency https://www.redalyc.org/journal/5763/576364352025/html/

* https://journals.lww.com/pidj/Citation/1990/06000/Gas_gangrene_and_congenital_agranulocytosis.14.aspx

* A granulocyte, also referred to as a polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN), is a type of white blood cell that has multi lobed nuclei, usually containing three lobes, and has a significant amount of cytoplasmic granules within the cell.[1] Granulopoiesis takes place in the bone marrow.[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulopoiesis

* Tumor lysis syndrome
    * sepsis, shock, etc. 
*Fungal leukemiaes
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_gangrene cytokine radiation
* sepsis non ideal patient, issues (HIV-COVID-LEUk), etc. = euthanize
* heavy radiation-degredation-resistant drugs/pharmaceuticals/etc. as alkylation agents/cancer drugs/radionucleos/radioactive iodide/etc. etc. ~ bone
*redox reactive methroxes Alkyl sulfonates are esters of alkane sulfonic acids with the general formula R-SO2-O-R'. They act as alkylating agents, some of them are used as alkylating antineoplastic agents in the treatment of cancer, e.g. Busulfan.[1] 
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisplatin 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkyl_sulfonate

* https://www.aria.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/wp-content/files_mf/FD_14373_oppau_1921_ang.pdf
* mischsaltz
* potassium chloride/ammonium nitrate
* ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate

Clostridium species produce more toxins and exhibit higher degrees of virulence than any other bacterial taxon.[6]  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_gangrene

*Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF or GCSF), also known as colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF 3), is a glycoprotein that stimulates the bone marrow to produce granulocytes and stem cells and release them into the bloodstream.[5][6]

Functionally, it is a cytokine and hormone, a type of colony-stimulating factor, and is produced by a number of different tissues. The pharmaceutical analogs of naturally occurring G-CSF are called filgrastim and lenograstim.

G-CSF also stimulates the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and function of neutrophil precursors and mature neutrophils
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocyte_colony-stimulating_factor

    * leukemeals, fungi food, protein denat/etc. or more rads etc.

Massive infection, gross injury, and depletion of the host's immune capability result in system-wide sepsis. This is partly due to the burden on the immune system, its corresponding release of inflammatory cytokines, and the distribution of bacterial toxins. Massive infection is likely to result in death from a combination of system-wide septic shock and the unintentionally damaging effects of the immune response. In animals, disability and distress caused by all of these factors markedly increase the chance of predation.[citation needed
  • Resonance imaging to visualize necrotized subcutaneous tissues
  • X-rays for air pockets in affected tissues
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_gangrene
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridial_necrotizing_enteritis

Steady state granulopoiesis is switched to a program termed emergency granulopoiesis after a major insult to the organism, usually a bacterial infection. The switch of the program is mediated by switch from C/EBPα to C/EBPβ, the main transcriptional regulator of emergency granulopoiesis. C/EBPβ enhances the production of granulocytes by promoting progression of the cell cycle of myeloid progenitors at accelerated rate, therefore generating sufficient amount of new granulocyte to fight the insult.[14][16]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulopoiesis

amphotericin

transfusions platlets

potassium replacement.

receiving vincristine

cerebral venous thrombotics clots

sinus thromb

bone infarction

extensive cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and hemorrhagic venous infarct

hemorrhage

haemophilia

venous draining poor viscous blood modifying factors

chronic neuroimmune disease (CND) and systemic

'hemoptysis'

'later pulseless electrical activity (PEA)'

'DNR'

'Expiry'

hemoptysis = PEA (pulseless electrical activity) = DNR = expiry (correct)

'Few cases of concomitant occurrence of ALL with COVID-19 have been reported so far and the course of the infection has been generally mild.5 However, even in the midst of a deadly pandemic, ALL itself remains a huge threat to those that it afflicts, even when they are in remission, as was seen in our case.6'

Excellent.

Very good Work. No criticisms, issues, etc.. Proper proceeding, excellent management of case. Very difficult case. Perfect decision making (esp. toward the end of pt life) [Excellent decision making capacity, humane, very well trained, etc.].  Excellence for adherence to guidelines, ethic, etc.. 

Note. If case endured, high risk of pt deterioration. Due that time (treatments, etc.) was not extended beyond guideline recommendations, possible grave outcome was averted. Always, best case scenario in public practice, etc.. Best case scenario outcome by excellence of practice was attained, and despite the circumstances that transpired. 


CLINICAL TRIALS AND OBSERVATIONS| DECEMBER 1, 2005

Induction therapy for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of more than 1500 patients from the international ALL trial: MRC UKALL XII/ECOG E2993
Clinical Trials & Observations
Jacob M. Rowe,
Georgina Buck,
Alan K. Burnett,
Raj Chopra,
Peter H. Wiernik,
Susan M. Richards,
Hillard M. Lazarus,
Ian M. Franklin,
Mark R. Litzow,
Niculae Ciobanu,
H. Grant Prentice,
Jill Durrant,
Martin S. Tallman,
Anthony H. Goldstone,
for ECOG and the MRC/NCRI Adult Leukemia Working Party

Blood (2005) 106 (12): 3760–3767.
https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-04-1623
Article

All patients received phase 1 of induction therapy (weeks 1-4), which consisted of daunorubicin 60 mg/m2 administered intravenously on days 1, 8, 15, and 22; vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 administered intravenously on days 1, 8, 15, and 22; l-asparaginase 10 000 IU administered intravenously or intramuscularly on days 17 to 28 and prednisone 60 mg/m2 administered orally in divided doses on days 1 to 28; and methotrexate 12.5 mg administered intrathecally on day 15 (Table 1). l-asparaginase was initially given at a high dose of 10 000/m2 to ECOG patients only from 1993 to 2000. After analysis revealed that there was no difference in efficacy compared with 10 000 IU total, ECOG reverted to the lower dose of l-asparaginase.

https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/106/12/3760/109755/Induction-therapy-for-adults-with-acute
CME ARTICLE| JUNE 10, 2021

Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
CME Clinical Trials & Observations
Yair Herishanu,
Irit Avivi,
Anat Aharon,
Gabi Shefer,
Shai Levi,
Yotam Bronstein,
Miguel Morales,
Tomer Ziv,
Yamit Shorer Arbel,
Lydia Scarfò,
Erel Joffe,
Chava Perry,
Paolo Ghia

Blood (2021) 137 (23): 3165–3173.
https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2021011568
Article history


Antibody response to BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with CLL is markedly impaired and affected by disease activity and treatment.


In patients treated with either Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors or venetoclax ± anti-CD20 antibody, responses are relatively low.

https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/137/23/3165/475742/Efficacy-of-the-BNT162b2-mRNA-COVID-19-vaccine-in


Corollary

forming a proposition that follows from one already proved.

a proposition that follows from (and is often appended to) one already proved.

https://languages.oup.com/google-dictionary-en/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisplatin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkyl_sulfonate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulopoiesis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocyte_colony-stimulating_factor#Chemotherapy_induced_neutropenia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_gangrene
http://www.htct.com.br/en-covid-19-adult-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia-articulo-S2531137921000298
https://www.healio.com/news/hematology-oncology/20210810/patients-with-certain-blood-cancers-may-be-at-risk-for-breakthrough-covid19-infections


https://www.aria.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/wp-content/files_mf/FD_14373_oppau_1921_ang.pdf

A recent review of 72,314 cases by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention showed that less than 1% of the cases were in children younger than 10 years of age.2
Asymptomatic infections were not uncommon.2 
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMc2005073

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