Blog Archive

Thursday, August 12, 2021

08-12-2021-1656 - Proteins Glutamate Glute Lipid Fat etc.

0. Trihydrogen Cations, Props, Hydrags, Oxygen Triangle Cascade Signal/oxygen triangles/etc., etc.
triangle for signal, circle for id/basepart/component/etc., pattern for various signatures, square for resistance/structure/pull/drag/etc., line for direction, etc..

1. Oxygen to Hydroxyl/radical/protonation/electrification/etc. - structure nigs pull or hydro stripping field pole plane switch rate alteration to prevent reassimilation facilitate molecular escape (e.g. hydrogen/proton/particle/electron to bond/electron/etc.) field expansion or field transition or field change or etc.. field expansion usually warps at second field/field point/etc..

Hydrogen catty by field arrangement/usurpation/env-calibration by field usurpation/matrix structure implementation/non-natural patterns - human patterns - and excission of standard universe force-etc./etc. and rate increase synergy depending on hydrogen commonality or feature/etc. to facilitate likelihood/precedence of hydro-cats (hydrogen response code to x consistent across hydrogen species y, z, etc..), etc..

Trits, Hydrocats, propellants, hydroxyl, hydrags, trihydrogen cations, oxys, nitrogen most dom with hydrocats and conflags. hydrogen oxygen.

Electrification of interspaces gas, liquid, solid by particle/charge/field/plasma/c-h/calibrated/force/etc. etc.
Conditioning/usurpation/transformation/etc. of environment-preexisting-etc. force/field/particle/etc.;
std env plas disint or resis or etc..
Rate alteration (synchron, process drive, etc.)
Hydrogen calibration
Reducation/reduction; oxidation/etc., etc..
Nuclearization of Field (esp. w/ rad K ionization of N-g ionization nuclear transforms to...)

e.g. hydrocats v. sterol/hormone/lipid/fat/nitrogen excess/etc.

note. hydro propellant; oxygen hydrag drag; electron resistance or electron is drag force or electron resistance particle-resistance apt force-etc. or electron inclined to drag or larger structure size/requirements for operations/etc. of electron/electron-systems-oxygen-etc. (e.g. oxygen v. hydrogen) (min stab assemble point weight distribution etc.) or etc.; hydrogen particle and/or nuclear proton; 

note 2. weight-component-space-size-etc.  disparity two part and warped universe plane first force/motion.
weight-component-space-size-etc.  disparity and warped universe plane first force/motion.
weight-component-space-size-etc.  disparity part and warped universe plane first force/motion.

warped plane structural, ion/gradient, extra-galactic force present or not present, smaller part motion or not, etc..

Motion, vibration-translation-rotation-spinning-pattern-etc. molecule/bond/component/field/wave/particle/etc. or etc., angular momentum molecule/bond/component/field/wave/particle/etc. or etc., pattern or etc., dimensions, space, conditions/constraints/bounds/etc., levels/dimensions/etc., etc..

nesting or no nesting, nested motions, first motion, higher order motion, predecessor of motion, ancestor of motion, etc..

note 3. pos - phosph-oxy-sys

note 4. oxygen hydrogen surroundings (nested system/system/surroundings/universe/env. or particle-field or components utilized necessary to vision or over-used at expense of particles not inclined to be used/appear/etc.)

2. Nitrogen Reduced

Hydrocats and human body protein-nitrogen-glutamate-guanine-intercalating polymer/composite/mineral/stone/etc.- etc.

Nitrogen has one lone pair electrons and interacts with three trihydrogen cations

EMR explosive dimerizations and permanent plane warp with bend; protein agglom/congloms/etc..

phosphate phosphorous phosphoryls phosphors

Phosphoration of hydrogens and silicizations of carbon. 

Lead salt. Nitrogen loading neutral.
    Ref. poisoned carbons, silicides, nitrogens, time or rad field (space and forces (e.g. space, distance, chemicals, pressures, heat, motion, time, nuclear  etc.) no longer effective to repair damage to molecule and its components);

Vortexting; black hole generation; aggregate holeing; salting; large particle construction; etc..
Fusors masers emitters particle-generators/transformers ion (gradient/gen/etc.) etc.

Manual addition...of photo-molecular instruction for rebuild by component-image/pattern for rebuild/etc. by molecular signal trans/etc.; molecular rebuild particle channel by ion gradient.

Transmission signal by transmitter; Emissions by Receiver Ack.

Nucleonitrogen- plane-state alternation (disintegration with decay or motion or implosion or irradiation or electron melt) - nanoscale, potential energy storage, kinetic energy small emissions no f ; embeddance slow particle expansion particle expansion operations lead state change signal emissions light EMR sound not on spectrum, chem not on measure. arc angle, curve, spiral, spin, internal force fracture; fracture cascade at rate; etc.. long range/large arc/etc. connections (longer than a jar bond; channel formation; path; etc.)

Nucleohydrogen - nuclear hydrogen hydrogen cascade hydrogen step chain embeddance etc.. nitro-stunting. locks hydrogs/hydros/hydrogens/hydrags/props/etc..

Serotonin disintegration operations; hydrogenation with trihydrocatonium/trihydrotritium/tritium/trihydrogencations/cation complexing/cat-float processing/etc..
Nuclear: proton disintegration; neutron disintegration or transmutation with proton ejection. Fission or Fusion or etc.. State change energy emission PE-KE transform, KE release.
Toxin appear nuclearized field alignment ion; gradient (ion gradient) environmental (induced by signal/large scale infrastructure - electric grid/grid/point source/computer/wireless/retained-oxygen signals or signal points - dormant until condition satisfied to activate cascade or signal emission for operations/rebuild/matricing/etc. (big or small) etc.; (nucleotide assembly signal from environment chemical/molecule/compound/etc. inc. air) facilitate replacement by single point signal with matrix (utilization of special physics, inc. vorts, bh, field lines, pressure gradients, etc.)

Serotonin disintegration operations; phosphate and silicide. Phosphoration of hydrogens and silicizations of carbon. Lead salt. Nitrogen loading neutral. lead heav met bone comp irrad trans etc. 
Molecular inversions; black hole ion planes; lead salting of roman-psychos (ref. rome).  Alpha gamma etc.; wave step chain cascade. nitrogen weighted used by USA on humans ; charged props/hydrags/charge/hydros/hydrogen/cats/etc., etc..

3. Cyclic Phosphorous multi scale/level/etc. 

4. DNA v. trihydro cats and nuc-nitro

https://merriam-webster.com/assets/mw/static/table/collegiate/periodic.jpg
https://edu.rsc.org/feature/trouble-in-the-periodic-table/2020266.article
https://www.hindustantimes.com/science/artificial-intelligence-recreates-periodic-table-of-elements-within-few-hours/story-xEGLECu79abGYF6N5OxziM.html
http://www.asu.edu/courses/chm233/notes/benzenes/benzenesRL1/rings.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlequin-type_ichthyosis
https://www.wikilectures.eu/w/Imissions#Chemical_composition_of_dust_as_a_factor_of_harmfulness
https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00563

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipopolysaccharide
https://nikiyaantonbettey.blogspot.com/2021/08/08-11-2021-0051-fungal-leukeamiaes.html
https://nikiyaantonbettey.blogspot.com/2021/08/08-11-2021-0357-cd30-tnfrsf87654.html
https://nikiyaantonbettey.blogspot.com/2021/08/08-11-2021-0639-petersen-et-wade-etc.html
https://nikiyaantonbettey.blogspot.com/2021/08/08-11-2021-1715-pyrexia-missing.html
https://nikiyaantonbettey.blogspot.com/2021/08/08-11-2021-1739-viroid.html
https://nikiyaantonbettey.blogspot.com/2021/08/08-11-2021-1316-nf-b.html
https://nikiyaantonbettey.blogspot.com/2021/08/08-12-2021-1433-methotrexate.html
https://nikiyaantonbettey.blogspot.com/2021/08/08-04-2021-1932-intercalation.html
https://nikiyaantonbettey.blogspot.com/2021/08/08-01-2021-1105-trihydrogen-cation-2021.html
https://nikiyaantonbettey.blogspot.com/2021/08/08-01-2021-1107-potas-chlor.html
https://nikiyaantonbettey.blogspot.com/2021/08/08-03-2021-1540-aq-imm-st-cond.html
https://nikiyaantonbettey.blogspot.com/2021/08/08-12-2021-1729-trihydrogen-cation.html


Natural populations exhibit a great deal of interindividual genetic variation in the response to toxins, exemplified by the variable clinical efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs in humans, and the evolution of pesticide resistant insects. Such variation can result from several phenomena, including variable metabolic detoxification of the xenobiotic, and differential sensitivity of the molecular target of the toxin. Our goal is to genetically dissect variation in the response to xenobiotics, and characterize naturally-segregating polymorphisms that modulate toxicity. Here, we use the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR), a multiparent advanced intercross panel of recombinant inbred lines, to identify QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) underlying xenobiotic resistance, and employ caffeine as a model toxic compound. Phenotyping over 1,700 genotypes led to the identification of ten QTL, each explaining 4.5–14.4% of the broad-sense heritability for caffeine resistance. Four QTL harbor members of the cytochrome P450 family of detoxification enzymes, which represent strong a priori candidate genes. The case is especially strong for Cyp12d1, with multiple lines of evidence indicating the gene causally impacts caffeine resistance. Cyp12d1 is implicated by QTL mapped in both panels of DSPR RILs, is significantly upregulated in the presence of caffeine, and RNAi knockdown robustly decreases caffeine tolerance. Furthermore, copy number variation at Cyp12d1 is strongly associated with phenotype in the DSPR, with a trend in the same direction observed in the DGRP (Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel). No additional plausible causative polymorphisms were observed in a full genomewide association study in the DGRP, or in analyses restricted to QTL regions mapped in the DSPR. Just as in human populations, replicating modest-effect, naturally-segregating causative variants in an association study framework in flies will likely require very large sample sizes.

22 Jan 2016: The PLOS Genetics Staff (2016) Correction: Identifying Loci Contributing to Natural Variation in Xenobiotic Resistance in Drosophila. PLOS Genetics 12(1): e1005830. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005830 View correction

Identifying Loci Contributing to Natural Variation in Xenobiotic Resistance in Drosophila
Michael A. Najarro,
Jennifer L. Hackett,
Brittny R. Smith,
Chad A. Highfill,
Elizabeth G. King,
Anthony D. Long,

Published: November 30, 2015
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005663
https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1005663


Citation: Najarro MA, Hackett JL, Smith BR, Highfill CA, King EG, Long AD, et al. (2015) Identifying Loci Contributing to Natural Variation in Xenobiotic Resistance in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 11(11): e1005663. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005663



KingdomOrganic compoundsSuper ClassOrganic acids and derivativesClassCarboxylic acids and derivativesSub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analoguesDirect ParentGlutamic acid and derivatives
https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00563

Medicines That Can Cause Acute Kidney Injury

Topic Overview

Many medicines can cause acute kidney injury (acute renal failure), such as:
Antibiotics. These include aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, amphotericin B, bacitracin, and vancomycin.
Some blood pressure medicines. One example is ACE inhibitors, such as lisinopril and ramipril. Another is angiotensin receptor blockers. These include candesartan and valsartan.
Medicines used for cancer treatment (chemotherapy). Examples are cisplatin, carboplatin, and methotrexate.
Dyes (contrast media). These are used in medical imaging tests.
Illegal drugs. Examples are heroin and methamphetamine.
Medicines used to treat HIV. They are called protease inhibitors. Examples are indinavir and ritonavir.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These include ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen.
Ulcer medicines. One example is cimetidine.

Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label. Make sure every doctor you see knows about all of the medicines, vitamins, or herbal supplements you take. This means anything you take with or without a prescription.

Other chemicals can also cause acute kidney injury. They include insecticides, herbicides, and ethylene glycol.

https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/tv7198

Organic Chemistry in "Real Life": 6-Membered Rings

http://www.asu.edu/courses/chm233/notes/benzenes/benzenesRL1/rings.html

Aug 09 (27)
08-09-2021-0045 - Ion Source
08-09-2021-0044 - Duoplasmatron
08-09-2021-0022 - Tritium, Trihydrogen Cation, Hel...
08-09-2021-0018 - Reionization
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08-08-2021-2312 - Sargent Dean et N (photodisinteg...
08-08-2021-2311 - Fusor 901
08-08-2021-2310 - Maser
08-08-2021-2248 - Neutron Moderator
08-08-2021-2245 - Neuron Generator
08-08-2021-2244 - Plasma Physics
08-08-2021-2242 - Helium - 3 896
08-08-2021 - Fission Nuclear
08-08-2021-2223 - Decoupling Optics 894
08-08-2021-2221 - Quantum Decoherence
08-08-2021-2220 - Dissipative System
08-08-2021-2219 - Mirror Fusion Test Facility
08-08-2021-2217 - Mirrors Wikipedia
08-08-2021-2212 - Maser (Post on Maser Missing. Co...
08-08-2021-2213 - Fusor (Post on Fusor Missing. Co...
08-08-2021-2211 - Pyrimidine dimer
08-08-2021-2208 - Alpha Emitter v. Chris Walsh
The Weather Girls - It's Raining Men
Foreigner - That Was Yesterday
08-08-2021-2023 - News USA
08-08-2021-2033 - Thank You, Sargent Dean
08-08-2021-1943 - Grocery Store Billionaire Says O...



08-04-2021-1932 - Intercalation Alkylation Radioactive Potas Trihydrocat OxygenTri/ozone/etc. genotox rad DM DVM



08-03-2021-1538 radioactive comp salt potas chlor trihydro cat distance incap wep fusor maser etc.




Radioactive nucleotide, radioactivity response, etc..

https://www.slideshare.net/SaadiyahNaeemi/transportation-of-oxygen-and-co2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscimol
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ibotenic-acid
https://www.first-nature.com/fungi/coprinellus-micaceus.php
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Ozonium

08-03-2021-1538 radioactive comp salt potas chlor trihydro cat distance incap wep fusor maser etc.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/trident-boundless-chemistry/chapter/functional-group-names-properties-and-reactions/
https://sites.science.oregonstate.edu/~gablek/CH336/Chapter9/ethernom.htm
https://quizlet.com/38321816/chemistry-functional-groups-flash-cards/
https://slidetodoc.com/organic-chemistry-second-edition-david-klein-chapter-14-2/
https://www.fishersci.com/us/en/products/80003050/organic-compounds.html

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oxane.png
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-structures-of-oxine-derivatives-with-entirely-di-ff-erent-mechanisms-of-action_fig6_266918026
http://www.chemdyes.net/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=4525
https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=R407155
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoxy
https://www.britannica.com/science/epoxide
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/oxirane
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baeyer–Villiger_oxidation

Biofilm, plaque, tartar, calculus, calcification/mineralization, liquefication

https://www.slideshare.net/JoylynConway/epoxides-functional-group


Granulation, Wound Healing, Tissue, Scar.


Epoxidification of human tissue; biofilm; etc..


Intercalating agent - mineral - and cascade/etc.. redox.


redox


https://pnghut.com/png/kRzGidn8bv/ethylene-oxide-glycol-carbonate-functional-group-4nitroquinoline-1oxide-transparent-png




08-03-2021-1540 - AQ IMM + ST + COND

08-03-2021-1540 - AQ IMM + ST + COND

stepwise infections with actual not vaccine.

secondary metabolite antibiotics 'plant' (tobacco nicotine caffiene only) (Quote) [Reference Retained] nc nv nstp TS+ nr nc

Potassium chloride (KCl, or potassium salt) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. It is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance. The solid dissolves readily in water, and its solutions have a salt-like taste. Potassium chloride can be obtained from ancient dried lake deposits.[7] KCl is used as a fertilizer,[8] in medicine, in scientific applications, and in food processing, where it may be known as E number additive E508.

It occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite, and in combination with sodium

chloride as sylvinite.[9]

The trihydrogen cation or protonated molecular hydrogen is a cation (positive ion) with formula H+
3, consisting of three hydrogen nuclei (protons) sharing two electrons.

The trihydrogen cation is one of the most abundant ions in the universe. It is stable in the interstellar medium (ISM) due to the low temperature and low density of interstellar space. The role that H+
3 plays in the gas-phase chemistry of the ISM is unparalleled by any other molecular ion.

The trihydrogen cation is the simplest triatomic molecule, because its two elect

rons are the only valence electrons in the system. It is also the simplest

example of a three-center two-electron bond system.


Properties

Chemical formula H+
3
Molar mass 3.02
Conjugate base Dihydrogen
Related compounds

Other anions hydride

Other cations hydrogen ion, dihydrogen cation, hydrogen ion cluster

Related compounds trihydrogen

Except where otherwise noted

Phosphate Backbone =
A phosphate backbone is the portion of the DNA double helix that provides structural support to the molecule. DNA consists of two strands that wind around each other like a twisted ladder. Each strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups. Attached to each sugar is one of four bases--adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or thymine (T). The two strands are held together by bonds between the bases, with adenine forming a base pair with thymine, and cytosine forming a base pair with guanine.

https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Phosphate-Backbone


Imissions
Feedback

Imissions are generated as a result of emissions being in contact with the environment, leading to their storage in the soil, plants and organisms. Their concentration is lower than the concentrations of emissions and imissions’ concentrations in cities are monitored.

Solid air imissions[edit | edit source]

Solid air imissions include dust and aerosols. The most frequent agents are various inorganic powders, such as metal particles, silicates, fluorides, chlorides and sulphates. Dusts of organic origin such as tars, bacteria and pollens. General harm of solid air imissions are mainly:

  1. Reducing visibility
  2. Toxicity to living organisms
  3. Corrosive effect on materials.

These substances also adsorb gas particles and thus contribute to then increase of the reactivity of particles and secondary emissions. In industrial areas they are responsible for the condensation of water droplets → an increased incidence of fog and clouds. The specific degree of harm depends on many factors:

  1. Particle size (and dispersity which depends on it). According to these parameters depends the substance retention in the lungs.
  2. Biological aggressiveness (react or not reacting with lung tissue? Formation of coniosis?).
  3. Physical properties: especially particle shape, crystalline structure and surface wettability.

Harmful solid air imission depending on particle size:

  • Particles larger than 100 μm have relatively little importance to the health of individuals, because they quickly settle due to their considerable weight. For this reason, considerably limited their interaction with other pollutants in the air.
  • Dust particles in the size of 10 μm are referred to as an aerosol. Mass content is relatively low in the air. They have great biological significance. They are inhaled by humans, but for the most part are already captured in the upper respiratory tract. They settle in a layer of mucus that is moved by cilia toward the nasopharynx and then swallowed. If these particles have a toxic chemical nature, they have a significant health impact.
  • Particles smaller than 10 μm in the air are present in small quantities, but have great biological significance. The respiratory tract in 24 hours they will receive up to 0.01 g. The molecular size of 1-2 micron penetration into the bronchioles and alveoli, where they are sometimes captured in more than 90%. These particles are therefore in terms of retaining the aerosol in the lungs the most dangerous.
  • On the contrary, particles smaller than 0.01 micron in the lungs begin to behave like gas molecules and are largely exhaled.

Chemical composition of dust as a factor of harmfulness[edit | edit source]

Biologically inert powder doesn’t have a specific biological effect and thus does not harm the lungs. Conversely, biologically aggressive dust has specific effects thanks to its chemical composition. Examples:

  • Inhalation of silica (SiO2) → fibroplastic effects. If the air contains about 10% of the dust, occurs when the long-term inhalation of progressively to chronic airway inflammation, increased connective tissue in the lungs, honeycombed lungs, increased blood flow resistance in the pulmonary circulation, and consequently right heart hypertrophy and failure. These expressions are summarized under the name of lung silicosis.
  • Long-term inhalation of asbestos fiber dust is to develop asbestosis, and increases the risk of pleural mesothelioma.
  • Dusts containing beryllium inhaled during immunosuppression can lead to beryllosis.
  • Dusting powder iron in the lungs is known as siderosis.

Physical properties of dust as factor of harmfulness[edit | edit source]

Physical properties of particles are the answer to the question of why silica dust causes silicosis in the glass industry, while the population of the Sahara, which is exposed to inhalation of large quantities of silica dust, is not suffering. Sahara dust is predominantly silica, but due to the age of particles and their mutual abrasion they become amorphous. Dust particles in glass are newly created and predominantly crystalline having many edges and tips → far more toxic.

Gaseous air imissions[edit | edit source]

Gaseous air imissions include compounds of various elements, mainly sulfur compounds, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, halogen compounds and various organic compounds. They have diverse origin:

  • Sulfur oxides (SO2 and SO3), sulphide, carbon disulphide - resulting from the burning of fossil fuels (mainly coal), burning fuel oil as the product of different technologies (especially in chemical industry)
  • Oxides of nitrogen, ammonia - result from burning at high temperatures (heat and power plants on fossil fuels), the cylinders of piston engines;
  • Carbon oxides (CO and CO2) - formed by incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuels (mainly car traffic), as significant concentrations in the boiler;
  • Halogen compounds (HF, HCl) - released into the atmosphere in metallurgical processes (aluminum), also arise in the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers;
  • Organic compounds (saturated and unsaturated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, formaldehyde, formic acid, acrolein) - in the atmosphere occur in large nožství(?). Major sources are automobile engines (two-and four-stroke gasoline engines).

Detection of most of these substances is significant because:

  • Nitrogen compounds are highly irritating to the body after inhalation and the change in the blood are the cause of methemoglobin.
  • They participate in photochemical reactions that lead to the formation of secondary emissions.
  • Organic compounds in air pollution is a large amount, especially saturated and unsaturated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxygen derivatives, as well as indoor. They are emitted as vapors or volatile compounds.
  • Many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have proven carcinogenic properties.

Radioactive air imissions[edit | edit source]

Radioactive air imissions include strontium, caesium and iodine isotopes and other substances. These imissions, threatened the man by air almost exclusively in a nuclear accident (such as in Chernobyl in 1986). If properly operated, nuclear power plants are, in terms of radioactive emissions into the atmosphere, less dangerous than normal coal fired thermal power plants.

Smog[edit | edit source]

The Great Smog of London 1952[edit | edit source]

The dramatic events of December 1952, are a classic example of that in normal conditions of a stabilized situation may change by the weather and turn into a disaster. Involvement of England's (especially London and the Thames Valley) thermal inversions associated with fog led to the usual concentration of smoke increasing 5 times. The level of carbon dioxide, achieved during this period was 6 times the normal levels. The concentration of air pollution began to soar about 12 hours after the arrival of dense fog.

A type of smog reduction (reaction) took place. It is a mixture of smoke, oxides of sulfur and coal combustion gases in combination with high relative humidity. It has reducing properties and is accompanied by dense fog. Diagnosis of gaseous components is more obvious by the presence of ash, which allows their penetration into the lower respiratory tract. This type of smog peaks early in the morning, at temperatures from 0 to 5 ° C. These changes led to an unusual incidence (fourfold increase) of disease and death:

  • Dominated by particular diseases of the respiratory tract: coughing with little sputum, runny nose, sore throat
  • Sudden vomiting

More severely affected individuals, were those who had already a similar history of disease and also patients who were treated for heart problems: in severely ill people dyspnea, cyanosis, bronchospasm, and mild temperatures could be observed. Most of these diseases had a sudden onset.

Statistical data showed that men were more frequently affected than women and most patients were older than 45 years of age. The two-week period (the week of Great smog and the week after) were recorded about 4000 more deaths than the same period the previous year. In a later study of this situation, it was concluded that the devastating effects caused by a combination of:

  1. Fog
  2. Low temperatures
  3. Carbon dioxide
  4. Fly ash from coal smoke

Los Angeles Smog (summer smog)[edit | edit source]

Similarly, as in the previous example, it is the occasional occurrence of irritable smog during clear summer days in Los Angeles. The site is bounded on one side of the Pacific Ocean coast and the northern side of the mountain is closed → characteristically slow air flow, which records the occurrence of smog. There is oxidation of smog from exhaust gases through the combustion gases at low humidity and intense solar radiation and a number of photochemical reactions. It is most intensive in specific environmental conditions:

  • temperature 25-30 °C
  • low humidity
  • clear weather with intense sunlight

The result is called photochemical smog, whose components are constantly transforming themselves because of the ongoing reactions. Its basic components are:

  1. Atmospheric oxygen
  2. Ultraviolet radiation
  3. Nitrogen oxides
  4. Hydrocarbons (mainly unsaturated)
  5. Carbon dioxide.

The products of photochemical reactions are:

  1. Ozone
  2. Peroxiacetylnitrate
  3. Aldehydes
  4. Acetic acid

During the period of the smog, there were a number of hospitalizations of patients with respiratory and cardiac problems, and town residents often complaining of irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. It was also found that children in school during the occurrence of smog were more restless than usual. As with the situation in London in 1952, it is shown that changing weather conditions can cause the abnormal accumulation of normal emissions.

Bhopal accident in 1984[edit | edit source]

The disaster, which occurred in central India were due to accidents in a chemical factory belonging to Union Carbide group. During production, there was an accidental release of 900 liters of water into the tank containing stabilized phosgene methylisocyanate. Hydrolysis of phosgene was the emergence of HCl, which catalyzes the polymerization methylisocyanate. During this reaction, a considerable amount of heat released increased the pressure in the tank, causing subsequent release methylisocyanate (and probably also hydrogen cyanide) into the air.

The late reporting of the accident and inadequate emergency measures have led to an accident with tragic consequences. Escaped chemicals hit the slums near the factory. In addition, part of the population after hearing sirens got the impression that it is a fire and ran even closer to the factory in order to help extinguish it. About 150000 people were affected and 1800 had died and even more of them had long-lasting consequences, particularly affecting the eye. Many of the health problems could have been avoided by taking a simple measure: to lie down and cover their face with a wet cloth.

Similar accidents show the importance of informing the public about how to react in crisis situations and the necessary preparation of emergency plans to manage them.


Links[edit | edit source]

Related articles[edit | edit source]

Primary and Secondary Emissions

External links[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

Bibliography[edit | edit source]

  • BENCKO CHARLES UNIVERSITY, PRAGUE 2004, 270 P, V, et al. Hygiene and epidemiology. Selected Chapters. 2nd edition. Prague. 2008. ISBN 9788024607931.

Further reading

https://www.wikilectures.eu/w/Imissions#Chemical_composition_of_dust_as_a_factor_of_harmfulness

https://nikiyaantonbettey.blogspot.com/2021/08/08-12-2021-1656-proteins-glutamate.html

https://nikiyaantonbettey.blogspot.com/2021/08/08-11-2021-2157-drafting.html

* heavy radiation-degredation-resistant drugs/pharmaceuticals/etc. as alkylation agents/cancer drugs/radionucleos/radioactive iodide/etc. etc. ~ bone


CLINICAL TRIALS AND OBSERVATIONS| DECEMBER 1, 2005

Induction therapy for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of more than 1500 patients from the international ALL trial: MRC UKALL XII/ECOG E2993
Clinical Trials & Observations
Jacob M. Rowe, 
Georgina Buck, 
Alan K. Burnett, 
Raj Chopra, 
Peter H. Wiernik,
Susan M. Richards, 
Hillard M. Lazarus, 
Ian M. Franklin, 
Mark R. Litzow, 
Niculae Ciobanu,
H. Grant Prentice, 
Jill Durrant, 
Martin S. Tallman, 
Anthony H. Goldstone,
for ECOG and the MRC/NCRI Adult Leukemia Working Party

Blood (2005) 106 (12): 3760–3767.
https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-04-1623
Article

All patients received phase 1 of induction therapy (weeks 1-4), which consisted of daunorubicin 60 mg/m2 administered intravenously on days 1, 8, 15, and 22; vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 administered intravenously on days 1, 8, 15, and 22; l-asparaginase 10 000 IU administered intravenously or intramuscularly on days 17 to 28 and prednisone 60 mg/m2 administered orally in divided doses on days 1 to 28; and methotrexate 12.5 mg administered intrathecally on day 15 (Table 1). l-asparaginase was initially given at a high dose of 10 000/m2 to ECOG patients only from 1993 to 2000. After analysis revealed that there was no difference in efficacy compared with 10 000 IU total, ECOG reverted to the lower dose of l-asparaginase.

https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/106/12/3760/109755/Induction-therapy-for-adults-with-acute






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