Phosphorus is a chemical element with the symbol P and atomic number 15. Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms, white phosphorus and red phosphorus, but because it is highly reactive, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. It has a concentration in the Earth's crust of about one gram per kilogram (compare copper at about 0.06 grams). In minerals, phosphorus generally occurs as phosphate.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus
A metaphosphate ion is an oxyanion that has the empirical formula PO−
3.[1] The structure of a metaphosphate ion can be described as being made up of PO4 structural units in which each unit shares two corners with another unit. This can come about in two ways.
- Formation of a ring, as in trimetaphosphate, illustrated.
- Formation of an infinite chain, with the same structure as in ammonium metavanadate
Metaphosphates can be considered as salts of the corresponding metaphosphoric acids (HnPnO3n) although none of these acids has been isolated. The metaphosphoric acids can be formulated as H2O·P2O5. In comparison, phosphoric acid, H3PO4 can be formulated as 3H2O·P2O5 and pyrophosphoric acid, H4P2O7, as 2H2O·P2O5.[2]
Metaphosphates can be used as an alternative of white phosphorus in organic syntheses.[3]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphosphate
Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid, is a weak acid with the chemical formula H
3PO
4. The pure compound is a colorless solid.
All three hydrogens are acidic to varying degrees and can be lost from the molecule as H+ ions (protons). When all three H+ ions are removed, the result is an orthophosphate ion PO43−, commonly called "phosphate". Removal of one or two protons gives dihydrogen phosphate ion H
2PO−
4, and the hydrogen phosphate ion HPO2−
4, respectively. Orthophosphoric acid also forms esters, called organophosphates.[15]
Phosphoric acid is commonly encountered in chemical laboratories as an 85% aqueous solution, which is a colourless, odourless, and non-volatile syrupy liquid. Although phosphoric acid does not meet the strict definition of a strong acid, the 85% solution can still severely irritate the skin and damage the eyes.
The name "orthophosphoric acid" can be used to distinguish this specific acid from other "phosphoric acids", such as pyrophosphoric acid. Nevertheless, the term "phosphoric acid" often means this specific compound; and that is the current IUPAC nomenclature.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoric_acid
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na3PO4. It is a white, granular or crystalline solid, highly soluble in water, producing an alkaline solution. TSP is used as a cleaning agent, builder, lubricant, food additive, stain remover, and degreaser.[7]
The item of commerce is often partially hydrated and may range from anhydrous Na3PO4 to the dodecahydrate Na3PO4 • 12H2O. Most often found in white powder form, it can also be called trisodium orthophosphate or simply sodium phosphate.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trisodium_phosphate
Phosphonates and phosphonic acids are organophosphorus compounds containing C−PO(OH)2 or C−PO(OR)2 groups (where R = alkyl, aryl). Phosphonic acids, typically handled as salts, are generally nonvolatile solids that are poorly soluble in organic solvents, but soluble in water and common alcohols. Many commercially important compounds are phosphonates, including glyphosate (the active molecule of the herbicide "Roundup"), and ethephon, a widely used plant growth regulator. Bisphosphonates are popular drugs for treatment of osteoporosis.[1]
In biology and medicinal chemistry, phosphonate groups are used as stable bioisoteres for phosphate, such as in the antiviral nucleotide analog, Tenofovir, one of the cornerstones of anti-HIV therapy. And there is an indication that phosphonate derivatives are "promising ligands for nuclear medicine."[2]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphonate
In chemistry, pyrophosphates are phosphorus oxyanions that contain two phosphorus atoms in a P-O-P linkage. A number of pyrophosphate salts exist, such as disodium pyrophosphate (Na2H2P2O7) and tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7), among others. Often pyrophosphates are called diphosphates. The parent pyrophosphates are derived from partial or complete neutralization of pyrophosphoric acid. The pyrophosphate bond is also sometimes referred to as a phosphoanhydride bond, a naming convention which emphasizes the loss of water that occurs when two phosphates form a new P-O-P bond, and which mirrors the nomenclature for anhydrides of carboxylic acids. Pyrophosphates are found in ATP and other nucleotide triphosphates, which are very important in biochemistry.
Pyrophosphates are prepared by heating phosphates, hence the name pyro-phosphate (from the Ancient Greek: πῦρ, πυρός, romanized: pyr, pyros, lit. 'fire'[1]). More precisely, they are generated by heating phosphoric acids to the extent that a condensation reaction occurs.
Pyrophosphates are generally white or colorless. The alkali metal salts are water-soluble.[2] They are good complexing agents for metal ions (such as calcium and many transition metals) and have many uses in industrial chemistry. Pyrophosphate is the first member of an entire series of polyphosphates.[3]
The term pyrophosphate is also the name of esters formed by the condensation of a phosphorylated biological compound with inorganic phosphate, as for dimethylallyl pyrophosphate. This bond is also referred to as a high-energy phosphate bond.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrophosphate
Phosphate soda is a type of beverage that has a tangy or sour taste. These beverages became popular among children in the 1870s in the United States. Phosphate beverages were made with fruit flavorings, egg, malt, or wine. In the 1900s, the beverages became popular, and fruit-flavoured phosphate sodas were served at soda fountains, before losing popularity to ice cream based treats in the 1930s.[1]
Phosphoric acid is used in many bottled soft drinks, including Coca-Cola. The original acid phosphate, made by the Horsford Chemical Company, was a mixture of calcium, magnesium and potassium phosphate salts with a small amount of phosphoric acid producing a liquid mixture with a pH of around 2 to 3, the same as freshly squeezed lime juice.
Horsford used bone ash, which is mostly calcium phosphate. In the 21st Century, bone ash is used primarily in the ceramics industry, and is rarely available as food grade stock. The ingredients can, however, be synthesized from modern food-grade chemicals.
- Smith, Andrew F. (6 March 2007). The Oxford companion to American food and drink. Oxford University Press US. pp. 478–. ISBN 978-0-19-530796-2. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate_soda
Phosphorous
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Phosphorous can refer to:
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