09-19-2021-0756 - Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, ForMemRS 1858 1947

Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, ForMemRS^[1] (German: [maks ˈplaŋk] (listen);^[2] English: /ˈplæŋk/;^[3] 23 April 1858 – 4 October 1947) was a German theoretical physicist whose discovery of energy quanta won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.^[4]

Planck made many substantial contributions to theoretical physics, but his fame as a physicist rests primarily on his role as the originator of quantum theory,^[5]which revolutionized human understanding of atomic and subatomic processes. In 1948, the German scientific institution Kaiser Wilhelm Society (of which Planck was twice president) was renamed Max Planck Society (MPS). The MPS now includes 83 institutions representing a wide range of scientific directions.

Max Karl Planck ForMemRS
Planck in 1933
Born	Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck 23 April 1858 Kiel, Duchy of Holstein
Died	4 October 1947 (aged 89) Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Allied-occupied Germany
Alma mater	Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
Known for	See full list
Spouse(s)	Marie Merck ​ ​ (m. 1887; died 1909)​ Marga von Hösslin   ​ (m. 1911)​
Children	5
Awards	Nobel Prize in Physics (1918) Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences(1926) Lorentz Medal (1927) Copley Medal (1929) Max Planck Medal (1929) Goethe Prize (1945)
Scientific career
Fields	Physics
Institutions	University of Kiel University of Göttingen Kaiser Wilhelm Society
Thesis	On the Second Principles of Mechanical Heat Theory (1879)
Doctoral advisor	Alexander von Brill Gustav Kirchhoff Hermann von Helmholtz
Doctoral students	Erich Kretschmann Gustav Ludwig Hertz Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Max Abraham Max von Laue Moritz Schlick Walter Schottky Walther Bothe Walther Meissner Richard Becker
Other notable students	Wolfgang Köhler Lise Meitner
Signature

A side portrait of Planck as a young adult, c. 1878

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck