Thermoelectric materials [1][2] show the thermoelectric effect in a strong or convenient form.
The thermoelectric effect refers to phenomena by which either a temperaturedifference creates an electric potential or an electric potential creates a temperature difference. These phenomena are known more specifically as the Seebeck effect(creating a voltage from temperature difference), Peltier effect (driving heat flow with an electric current), and Thomson effect (reversible heating or cooling within a conductor when there is both an electric current and a temperature gradient). While all materials have a nonzero thermoelectric effect, in most materials it is too small to be useful. However, low-cost materials that have a sufficiently strong thermoelectric effect (and other required properties) are also considered for applications including power generation and refrigeration. The most commonly used thermoelectric material is based on bismuth telluride (Bi
2Te
3).
Thermoelectric materials are used in thermoelectric systems for cooling or heating in niche applications, and are being studied as a way to regenerate electricity from waste heat.[3]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_materials
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