09-18-2021-1248 - Rotation as possible energy source

Rotation as possible energy source [edit]

Because of the enormous amount of energy needed to launch a relativistic jet, some jets are possibly powered by spinning black holes. However, the frequency of high-energy astrophysical sources with jets suggest combinations of different mechanisms indirectly identified with the energy within the associated accretion disk and X-ray emissions from the generating source. Two early theories have been used to explain how energy can be transferred from a black hole into an astrophysical jet:
Blandford–Znajek process.[14] This theory explains the extraction of energy from magnetic fields around an accretion disk, which are dragged and twisted by the spin of the black hole. Relativistic material is then feasibly launched by the tightening of the field lines.
Penrose mechanism.[15] Here energy is extracted from a rotating black hole by frame dragging, which was later theoretically proven to be able to extract relativistic particle energy and momentum,[16] and subsequently shown to be a possible mechanism for jet formation.[17] This effect may also be explained in terms of gravitoelectromagnetism.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysical_jet#Relativistic_jet