05-17-2023-2254 - shoe studs, hemispherical photography, Fire-retardant gels, oil tanker, emulsion, syringe, coolmax, list of inhumans, dalmatian, dog, fiberglass, fire, retardant, surfactant, hazmat suit, hazmat, cherylnobyl town draft, chernobyl, disaster, thermal, radiation, ford, model T, ford model T, T wave, firefighter, rehabilitation, Smoke inhalation, ponderomotive force, photoflash bomb, nuclear tolerance, nuclear fuel, radiation hardening, clonal anergy, exploding bridgewire detonator, cloak, cloak of invisibility, clock, clone trooper, cloaking device, stealth technology, nuclear rate, nuclear latency, delay, nuclear fission, nuclear weapons, thin man, nuclear bomb, nuclear fallout, nuclear reactor, nuclear winter, etc. (draft)

Shoe studs may refer to:

• Caulkin (UK) or calks (USA) on a horseshoe
• Cleats on a human shoe
• The sole studs of Caulk boots, which are similar to cleats.
• Hobnail, special nails driven into the smiles of boots or other footwear to increase traction and improve durability.

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Shoe studs.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Category:

• Disambiguation pages

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoe_studs

Hemispherical photography, also known as canopy photography, is a technique to estimate solar radiation and characterize plant canopy geometry using photographs taken looking upward through an extreme wide-angle lens or a fisheye lens (Rich 1990). Typically, the viewing angle approaches or equals 180-degrees, such that all sky directions are simultaneously visible. The resulting photographs record the geometry of visible sky, or conversely the geometry of sky obstruction by plant canopies or other near-ground features. This geometry can be measured precisely and used to calculate solar radiation transmitted through (or intercepted by) plant canopies, as well as to estimate aspects of canopy structure such as leaf area index. Detailed treatments of field and analytical methodology have been provided by Paul Rich (1989, 1990) and Robert Pearcy (1989).  

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemispherical_photography

Fire retardant gel protects a person's hand from a burning fuel.

Fire-retardant gels are superabsorbent polymer slurries with a "consistency almost like petroleum jelly."^[1] Fire-retardant gels can also be slurries that are composed of a combination of water, starch, and clay. ^[2] Used as fire retardants, they can be used for structure protection and in direct-attack applications against wildfires.^[3][4]

Fire-retardant gels are short-term fire suppressants typically applied with ground equipment.^[5] They are also used in the movie industry to protect stunt persons from flames when filming action movie scenes.^[6][7] 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_retardant_gel

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_tanker

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syringe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolmax

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Inhumans

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalmatian_(dog)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberglass

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_retardant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazmat_suit

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefighter_rehabilitation

 

Smoke inhalation
Specialty	Emergency medicine, pulmonology, critical care

Smoke inhalation is the breathing in of harmful fumes (produced as by-products of combusting substances) through the respiratory tract.^[1] This can cause smoke inhalation injury (subtype of acute inhalation injury) which is damage to the respiratory tract caused by chemical and/or heat exposure as well as possible systemic toxicity after smoke inhalation.^[2][3][4] Smoke inhalation can occur from fires of various sources such as residential, vehicle, and wildfires. Morbidity and mortality rates in fire victims with burns are increased in those with smoke inhalation injury.^[3][4] Victims of smoke inhalation injury can present with cough, difficulty breathing, low oxygen saturation, smoke debris and/or burns on the face.^[2][5] Smoke inhalation injury can affect the upper respiratory tract (above the larynx), usually due to heat exposure, or the lower respiratory tract (below the larynx), usually due to exposure to toxic fumes.^[2][4][6][5] Initial treatment includes taking the victim away from the fire and smoke, giving 100% oxygen at a high flow through a face mask (non-rebreather if available), and checking the victim for injuries to the body.^[5][6] Treatment for smoke inhalation injury is largely supportive with varying degrees of consensus on benefits of specific treatments.^[3] 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_inhalation

In physics, a ponderomotive force is a nonlinear force that a charged particle experiences in an inhomogeneous oscillating electromagnetic field. It causes the particle to move towards the area of the weaker field strength, rather than oscillating around an initial point as happens in a homogeneous field. This occurs because the particle sees a greater magnitude of force during the half of the oscillation period while it is in the area with the stronger field. The net force during its period in the weaker area in the second half of the oscillation does not offset the net force of the first half, and so over a complete cycle this makes the particle move towards the area of lesser force.

The ponderomotive force F_p is expressed by

${\displaystyle {\mathbf{F}}_{\text{p}}=}$${\displaystyle -\frac{e^2}{4m{\omega }^2}}$${\displaystyle \mathrm{\nabla }}$${\displaystyle (E^2)}$

which has units of newtons (in SI units) and where e is the electrical charge of the particle, m is its mass, ω is the angular frequency of oscillation of the field, and E is the amplitude of the electric field. At low enough amplitudes the magnetic field exerts very little force.

This equation means that a charged particle in an inhomogeneous oscillating field not only oscillates at the frequency of ω of the field, but is also accelerated by F_p toward the weak field direction. This is a rare case where the sign of the charge on the particle does not change the direction of the force ((-e)²=(+e)²). 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponderomotive_force

A photoflash bomb, or flash bomb, is explosive ordnance dropped by aircraft, usually military surveillance aircraft, designed to detonate above ground to create an extremely bright flash of light. These bombs, which are capable of producing light at an intensity of up to hundreds of millions of candlepower,^[1] assist surveillance aircraft in taking nighttime aerial photos without the need to fly low to the ground which would make them vulnerable to possible enemy detection.^[2] Due to the advent of better nighttime optics, satellite imagery, and stealth aircraft, these bombs are no longer used by the military.^{[citation needed]}

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoflash_bomb}

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=NUCLEAR+TOLERANCE&title=Special%3ASearch&ns0=1}

 

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fuel}

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_hardening}

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonal_anergy#Dominant_tolerance}

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploding-bridgewire_detonator}

 

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloak}

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloak_of_invisibility}

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock}

 

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clone_trooper}

 

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloaking_device}

 

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stealth_technology}

 

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=NUCLEAR+RATE&title=Special%3ASearch&ns0=1}

 

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_latency}

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fission}

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon}

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_Man_(nuclear_bomb)}

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fallout}

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor}

^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_winter}