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Thursday, May 18, 2023

05-18-2023-1507 - Category:Bog_bodies ; embalming, plastification, Incorruptibility, saltmen, Aztec mummies (Mexico), Excerebration, etc. (draft)

Category:Bog bodies Category Talk Read Edit View history Tools Help From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bog bodies. Pages in category "Bog bodies" The following 57 pages are in this category, out of 57 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. Bog body List of bog bodies A Amcotts Moor Woman Arden Woman Aschbroeken Man B Baronstown West Man Bernuthsfeld Man Bocksten Man The Bog People Bog Dog Borremose bodies Bremervörde Gnattenbergswiesen body C Cashel Man Cladh Hallan Clonycavan Man D Damendorf Girl Damendorf Man Damendorf Woman Dätgen Man Drumkeeragh Lady E Elling Woman Emmer-Erfscheidenveen Man Esterweger Dose Child Exloërmond Man G Gallagh Man Girl of the Bareler Moor Grauballe Man Gunnister Man H Haraldskær Woman Heslington Brain Huldremose Woman Husbäke Man J Jührdenerfeld Man K Kayhausen Boy Koelbjerg Man Kreepen Man L Levänluhta Lindow Man Lindow Woman Luttra Woman M Meenybradden Woman N Nederfrederiksmose body O Old Croghan Man Osterby Man P Porsmose Man R Rendswühren Man Roum Man S Stidsholt Woman Stoneyisland Man T Tollund Man U Girl of the Uchter Moor W Weerdinge Men Windeby I Windeby Man Worsley Man Y Yde Girl Z Zweeloo Woman Media in category "Bog bodies" The following 5 files are in this category, out of 5 total. A File:Amcotts Moor Woman Shoe.jpg C File:Clonycavan reconstruction.jpg G File:Grauballe Man reconstruction.jpg W File:Windeby Reco.jpg Y File:Yde Face Reconstruction.jpg Categories: BogsDead peopleMummiesHuman remains (archaeological) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Bog_bodies File:Amcotts Moor Woman Shoe.jpg No higher resolution available. Amcotts_Moor_Woman_Shoe.jpg ‎(250 × 110 pixels, file size: 4 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) 

Amcotts_Moor_Woman_Shoe.jpg(250 × 110 pixels, file size: 4 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amcotts_Moor_Woman_Shoe.jpg

https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=1,900

Category:Mummies

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Subcategories

This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total.

A




  • B


    F


    G


    H


    T


  • Tarim mummies(7 P)

  •  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mummies

     

    Umber
     
    About these coordinates     Color coordinates
    Hex triplet#635147
    sRGBB (r, g, b)(99, 81, 71)
    HSV (h, s, v)(21°, 28%, 39%)
    CIELChuv (L, C, h)(36, 15, 39°)
    SourceColorHexa[1]
    B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
    Jules Bastien-Lepage, Pas Meche, 1882. An example of the shadows created by using umber in a painting.[2]

    Umber is a natural earth pigment consisting of iron oxide and manganese oxide; it has a brownish color that can vary between shades of yellow, red, and green.[3]: 39  Umber is considered one of the oldest pigments known to humans, first seen in Ajanta Caves in 200 BC-600 AD.[4]: 378  Umber's advantages are its highly versatile color, warm tone, and quick drying abilities.[5]: 148–49  While some sources indicate that umber's name comes from its geographic origin in Umbria, other scholars suggest that it derives from the Latin word umbra, which means "shadow."[6]: 250  The belief that its name derives from the word for shadow is fitting, as the color helps create shadows.[6]: 250  In addition, the color is primarily imported from Turkey, specifically Cyprus, and not Italy.[6]: 250  Umber is typically mined from open pits or underground mines and ground into a fine powder that is washed to remove impurities.[7] In the 20th century, the rise of synthetic dyes decreased the demand for natural pigments such as umber.[citation needed]

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umber#Burnt_umber


    The Saltmen (Persian: مردم نمک mardom-e namak) were discovered in the Chehrabad salt mines, located on the southern part of the Hamzehlu village, on the west side of the city of Zanjan, in the Zanjan Province in Iran. By 2010, the remains of six men had been discovered, most of them accidentally killed by the collapse of galleries in which they were working.[1] The head and left foot of Salt Man 1 are on display at the National Museum of Iran in Tehran.

    Discovery

    In the winter of 1993, miners came across a body with long hair, a beard and some artifacts. These included the remains of a body, a lower leg inside a leather boot, three iron knives, a woollen half trouser, a silver needle, a sling, parts of a leather rope, a grindstone, a walnut, some pottery shards, some patterned textile fragments, and a few broken bones. The body had been buried in the middle of a tunnel approximately 45 metres (148 ft) in length.[2]

    In 2004, another salt miner found the remains of a second man. During archaeological excavations in 2005, the remains of another two well-preserved men were found. In 2006, the Iranian Cultural Heritage News Agency partnered with the German Mining Museum in Bochum (Germany), in 2007 with the University of Oxford and the Swiss University of Zurich for thorough investigations. A scientific long-term project was started, supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and British funds.[1] Four corpses, including a teenager and a woman, are kept at the Archeology Museum (Zolfaghari House) in Zanjan. A sixth corpse found in the excavation campaign 2010 was left in place at the salt mine. Three hundred pieces of fabric were found, some of which retained designs and dyes. In 2008, the Ministry of Industries and Mines canceled the mining permit.[3]

    Research

    After archaeological studies which included C14 dating of different samples of bones and textiles, the Salt Man was dated to about 1,700 years ago. By testing a sample of hair, the blood group B+ was determined.

    Three-dimensional scans which were modeled by a scientific team led by Jalal Jalal Shokouhi[4] show fractures around the eye and other injuries which occurred before death, resulting from a hard blow. Visual characteristics included long hair and a beard; a golden earring in the left ear indicated that he was likely a person of rank or influence. The reason for his presence and death in the salt mine of Chehrabad remains a mystery.

    Three of the saltmen are dated to the Parthian (247 BCE–224 CE) and Sassanid (224–651 CE) eras, and the remainder to the Achaemenid Dynasty (550–330 BCE).[3]

    In a 2012 research paper,[5] it was reported that the 2200-year-old mummy of Chehrabad had tapeworm eggs from the genus Taenia in his intestine. This brings new information on ancient diet, indicating the consumption of raw or undercooked meat, and it also constitutes the earliest evidence of ancient intestinal parasites in Iran, adding to the knowledge of gastrointestinal pathogens in the Near East.[5]

    See also

    References


  • Aali, Abolfazl; Stöllner, Thomas; Abar, Aydin; Rühli, Frank (2012). "The Salt Men of Iran: The Salt Mine of Douzlākh, Chehrābād". Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt. Mainz: Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums. 42 (1): 61–81. ISSN 0342-734X.

  • "Salt Men of Iran". Altas Obscura. Altas Obscura. Retrieved 21 June 2019.

  • "Salt men of Iran". Past Horizons. June 7, 2011. Archived from the original on May 8, 2014. Retrieved June 8, 2011.

  • "بازسازی چهره اجساد نمکی در ایران". CHN. August 22, 2005. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016.

    1. Nezamabadi, M; Mashkour, M; Aali, A; Stöllner, T; Le Bailly, M (Dec 15, 2012). "Identifcation of Taenia sp. in a natural human mummy (3rd century B.C.) from the Chehrabad salt mine in Iran". The Journal of Parasitology. 99 (3): 570–2. doi:10.1645/12-113.1. PMID 23240712. S2CID 26253984.

    Sources

    External links

     

    Head of Salt Man 1 on display at National Museum of Iran in Tehran

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltmen

     

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Aztec mummy

    Aztec mummy refers to an intentionally prepared or naturally desiccated human body of Aztec origin.

    Ceremonial preparation vs. natural desiccation

    Aztec mummy
    Aztec mummies were often placed in a seated position

    Distinctions must be made between intentionally prepared Aztec mummies and mummies resulting from natural desiccation. Prepared Aztec mummy “bundles” consist of the remains of the deceased placed in a woven bag or wrap which was often adorned with a ceremonial mask.[1] Most of the more widely known examples of Aztec mummies, which formed the basis of popular traveling exhibitions[2] and museum exhibits[3] in the 19th Century, were likely the product of natural desiccation rather than an intentional mummification process.

    Unlike Egyptian mummies, which were typically placed in an extended supine position within a sarcophagus, Aztec mummies were typically placed in seated positions. To maintain the pose of the body, the remains were often secured within a cloth wrapping, sometimes with rope.

    Symbolism in Aztec hieroglyphs

    Aztec mummy hieroglyph
    A hieroglyph depicting the mummy of the deceased Aztec ruler, Ahuitzotl, followed by his living successor.

    A mummy is the Aztec hieroglyph for death.[4] In Aztec written documentation of historical events, such as the death of a ruler or warrior, a mummy glyph will be connected to a glyph denoting the person's name and another glyph denoting the year of the event.

    The pictured example of Aztec hieroglyphs shows the mummy of a human figure bound with ropes, with a crown on its head, indicating the death of a ruler. The small water-animal attached to the crown by a cord shows that the dead ruler's name was Ahuitzotl, that being the Aztec word for "water-animal". The right half of the glyph shows a man seated upon a dais, with a crown on his head and a speech-scroll issuing from his mouth. The Aztec word for ruler was "tlahtouani", "he who speaks", shown graphically by the speech-scroll. Finally both figures are attached by cords to the circle above, which represents the year "10-Rabbit" (1502 A.D.), indicating the date of this event.[4]

    Cultural references

    In the late 19th Century, resurrected Aztec mummies replaced their Egyptian counterparts in popular American stories such as The Squaw Hollow Sensation, which appeared in 1879 and told the story of "the discovery and revival of a 1000-year-old Aztec mummy".[5][6] Aztec mummy-themed stories continued in American novels, films, comic books, and television throughout the 20th century and into the 21st century. Notable examples include fictional confrontations between Aztec mummies and the Lone Ranger (comic book), Kolchak (television), and Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy (film).

    Aztec mummy-themed horror films produced in Mexico include La Momia Azteca, which was the first of a trilogy of films produced in 1957 featuring a resurrected Aztec warrior named Popoca, followed by The Curse of the Aztec Mummy and The Robot vs. The Aztec Mummy. The later film Wrestling Women vs. the Aztec Mummy (1964) featured a resurrected Aztec warrior named Tezomoc,[7] and Mexican mummies were again featured in The Mummies of Guanajuato.[8] Unlike the Aztec mummies appearing in most American film and television productions, which are typically mummified as part of a ceremonial process similar to Egyptian mummies, Mexican horror films typically involve the resurrection of naturally desiccated Aztec warriors. The 2007 American film Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy, starring the aforementioned Mexican superstar wrestler Mil Máscaras, features the ceremonial resurrection of a mummy in a sarcophagus that is more reminiscent of Egyptian mummies than Aztec ones.

    References


  • Langley, James (1997). "I-3: Teotihuacan Incensarios: The 'V' Manta and its Message". Internet Journal for Teotihuacan Archaeology and Iconography. Archived from the original on 2013-11-12.

  • "Aztec Mummies". Utah Journal. June 29, 1887.

  • Docking, Maggie (June 16, 1887). "Photograph of Ancient Aztec Mummy". Smithsonian Institution National Anthropological Archives.

  • The National Geographic Magazine. 41: 117. 1922. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

  • "Squaw Hollow Sensation (original serial)". Mountain Democrat (Placerville, CA). 1879.

  • Noble, Doug (2007). "Squaw Hollow Sensation (reprint with commentary)". Mountain Democrat (Placerville, CA).

  • Hardy, Phil (1995). "The Overlook Film Encyclopedia Horror. Overlook Press. ISBN 0-87951-624-0. Page 164

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