Neoplasms derived from plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Fabio Facchetti1, Marta Cigognetti1, Simona Fisogni1, Giuseppe Rossi2, Silvia Lonardi1 and William Vermi1
1Section of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Spedali Civili, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy and 2Department of Hematology, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms manifest in two clinically and pathologically distinct forms. The first variant is represented by nodular aggregates of clonally expanded plasmacytoid dendritic cells found in lymph nodes, skin, and bone marrow (‘Mature plasmacytoid dendritic cells proliferation associated with myeloid neoplasms’). This entity is rare, although likely underestimated in incidence, and affects predominantly males. Almost invariably, it is associated with a myeloid neoplasm such as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia or other myeloid proliferations with monocytic differentiation. The concurrent myeloid neoplasm dominates the clinical pictures and guides treatment. The prognosis is usually dismal, but reflects the evolution of the associated myeloid leukemia rather than progressive expansion of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. A second form of plasmacytoid dendritic cells tumor has been recently reported and described as ‘blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm’. In this tumor, which is characterized by a distinctive cutaneous and bone marrow tropism, proliferating cells derive from immediate CD4+CD56+ precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. The diagnosis of this form can be easily accomplished by immunohistochemistry, using a panel of plasmacytoid dendritic cells markers. The clinical course of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm is characterized by a rapid progression to systemic disease via hematogenous dissemination. The genomic landscape of this entity is currently under intense investigation. Recurrent somatic mutations have been uncovered in different genes, a finding that may open important perspectives for precision medicine also for this rare, but highly aggressive leukemia.
Modern Pathology (2016) 29, 98–111; doi:10.1038/modpathol.2015.145; published online 8 January 2016
https://www.nature.com/articles/modpathol2015145.pdf?origin=ppub
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