Dirofilaria immitis, also known as heartworm or dog heartworm, is a parasitic roundworm that is a type of filarial worm, a small thread-like worm, that causes dirofilariasis. It is spread from host to host through the bites of mosquitoes. There are four generaof mosquitoes that transmit dirofilariasis, Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, and Mansonia.[1] The definitive host is the dog, but it can also infect cats, wolves, coyotes, jackals, foxes, ferrets, bears, seals, sea lions and, under rare circumstances, humans.[2]
Adult heartworms often reside in the pulmonary arterial system (lung arteries) as well as the heart, and a major health effect in the infected animal host is a manifestation of damage to its lung vessels and tissues.[3] In cases involving advanced worm infestation, adult heartworms may migrate to the right heart and the pulmonary artery. Heartworm infection may result in serious complications for the infected host if left untreated, eventually leading to death, most often as a result of secondary congestive heart failure.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirofilaria_immitis
https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/petcare/heartworm-disease
Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworms of the Filarioidea type.[1]These are spread by blood-feeding insects such as black flies and mosquitoes. They belong to the group of diseases called helminthiases.
The recommended treatment for people outside the United States is albendazole combined with ivermectin.[7][8] A combination of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole is also effective.[7][9]
In 2015 William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura were co-awarded half of that year's Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the drug avermectin, which, in the further developed form ivermectin, has decreased the occurrence of lymphatic filariasis.[17]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filariasis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparan_sulfate
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