Picornaviruses are a group of related nonenveloped RNA viruses which infect vertebrates including mammalsand birds. They are viruses that represent a large family of small, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruseswith a 30-nm icosahedral capsid. The viruses in this family can cause a range of diseases including the common cold, poliomyelitis, meningitis, hepatitis, and paralysis.[2][3][4][5]
Picornaviruses constitute the family Picornaviridae, order Picornavirales, and realm Riboviria. There are 158 species in this family, assigned to 68 genera. Notable examples are genera Enterovirus (including Rhinovirus and Poliovirus), Aphthovirus, Cardiovirus, and Hepatovirus.[1][6]
The name "picornavirus" has a dual etymology. Firstly, the name derives from picorna- which is an acronym for "poliovirus, insensitivity to ether, coxsackievirus, orphan virus, rhinovirus, and ribonucleic acid". Secondly, the name derives from pico-, which designates a very small unit of measurement (equivalent to 10−12), combined with rna to describe this group of very small RNA viruses.[7]
| Picornaviridae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Electronmicrograph of poliovirus | |
 | |
| Isosurface of a human rhinovirusshowing protein spikes | |
Virus classification | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Pisuviricota |
| Class: | Pisoniviricetes |
| Order: | Picornavirales |
| Family: | Picornaviridae |
| Genera[1] | |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornavirus
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