08-29-2021-1357 - Legionella legionnaires disease Legionnaires' disease pontiac fever 1976 buffered charcoal yeast agar cysteine media silver stain O Philadelphia 1977 proteobacteria gammaproteo gamma proteo bacteria ceae cecae cecal ales aceae lla ia brunen cardiaca adelaide

 Legionella is a genus of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria that includes the species L. pneumophila, causing legionellosis^[3] (all illnesses caused by Legionella) including a pneumonia-type illness called Legionnaires' diseaseand a mild flu-like illness called Pontiac fever.^[3]

Legionella may be visualized with a silver stain or cultured in cysteine-containing media such as buffered charcoal yeast extract agar. It is common in many environments, including soil and aquatic systems, with at least 50 species and 70 serogroups identified. These bacteria, however, are not transmissible from person to person;^[4]furthermore, most people exposed to the bacteria do not become ill.^[5] Most outbreaks are traced to poorly maintained cooling towers.

The side chains of the cell wall carry the bases responsible for the somatic antigen specificity of these organisms. The chemical composition of these side chains both with respect to components and arrangement of the different sugars determines the nature of the somatic or O antigen determinants, which are essential means of serologically classifying many Gram-negative bacteria.

Legionella acquired its name after an outbreak of a then-unknown "mystery disease" sickened 221 people, causing 34 deaths. The outbreak was first noticed among attendees at a convention of the American Legion—an association of U.S. military veterans. The convention occurred in Philadelphia during the U.S. Bicentennial year on July 21–24, 1976. This epidemic among U.S. war veterans, occurring in the same city as—and within days of the 200th anniversary of—the signing of the Declaration of Independence, was widely publicized and caused great concern in the United States.^[6] On January 18, 1977, the causative agent was identified as a previously unknown bacterium subsequently named Legionella.

Legionella
Legionella sp. under UV light
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Legionellales
Family:	Legionellaceae
Genus:	Legionella Brenner et al. 1979
Species
Legionella adelaidensis[1] Legionella anisa[1] Legionella beliardensis[1] Legionella birminghamensis[1] Legionella bozemanae[1] Legionella brunensis[1] Legionella busanensis[1] Legionella cardiaca[1] Legionella cherrii[1] Legionella cincinnatiensis[1] Legionella clemsonensis[2] Legionella donaldsonii[1] Legionella drancourtii[1] Legionella dresdenensis[1] Legionella drozanskii[1] Legionella dumoffii[1] Legionella erythra[1] Legionella fairfieldensis[1] Legionella fallonii[1] Legionella feeleii[1] Legionella geestiana[1] Legionella genomospecies 1 Legionella gormanii[1] Legionella gratiana[1] Legionella gresilensis[1] Legionella hackeliae[1] Legionella impletisoli[1] Legionella israelensis[1] Legionella jamestowniensis[1] Candidatus Legionella jeonii Legionella jordanis[1] Legionella lansingensis[1] Legionella londiniensis[1] Legionella longbeachae[1] Legionella lytica[1] Legionella maceachernii[1] Legionella massiliensis[1] Legionella micdadei[1] Legionella monrovica[1] Legionella moravica[1] Legionella nagasakiensis[1] Legionella nautarum[1] Legionella norrlandica[1] Legionella oakridgensis[1] Legionella parisiensis[1] Legionella pittsburghensis[1] Legionella pneumophila[1] Legionella quateirensis[1] Legionella quinlivanii[1] Legionella rowbothamii[1] Legionella rubrilucens[1] Legionella sainthelensi[1] Legionella santicrucis[1] Legionella shakespearei[1] Legionella spiritensis[1] Legionella steelei[1] Legionella steigerwaltii[1] Legionella saoudiensis[1] Legionella taurinensis[1] Legionella thermalis[1] Legionella tucsonensis[1] Legionella tunisiensis[1] Legionella wadsworthii[1] Legionella waltersii[1] Legionella worsleiensis[1] Legionella yabuuchiae[1]

A Legionella pneumophila bacterium (green) caught by a Vermamoeba vermiformisamoeba (orange)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionella

Legionella pneumophila is a thin, aerobic, pleomorphic, flagellated, non-spore-forming, Gram-negativebacterium of the genus Legionella.^[1][2] L. pneumophila is the primary human pathogenic bacterium in this group and is the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, also known as legionellosis.

In nature, L. pneumophila infects freshwater and soil amoebae of the genera Acanthamoeba and Naegleria.^[3]The mechanism of infection is similar in amoeba and human cells.

Legionella pneumophila
TEM image of L. pneumophila
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Legionellales
Family:	Legionellaceae
Genus:	Legionella
Species:	L. pneumophila
Binomial name
Legionella pneumophila Brenner DJ, Steigerwalt AG, McDade JE 1979

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionella_pneumophila

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