Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) sometimes called selfish genetic elements[1] are a type of genetic material that can move around within a genome, or that can be transferred from one species or replicon to another. MGEs are found in all organisms. In humans, approximately 50% of the genome is thought to be MGEs.[2] MGEs play a distinct role in evolution. Gene duplication events can also happen through the mechanism of MGEs. MGEs can also cause mutations in protein coding regions, which alters the protein functions. They can also rearrange genes in the host genome. One of the examples of MGEs in evolutionary context is that virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes of MGEs can be transported to share them with neighboring bacteria. Newly acquired genes through this mechanism can increase fitness by gaining new or additional functions. On the other hand, MGEs can also decrease fitness by introducing disease-causing alleles or mutations.[3] The set of MGEs in an organism is called a mobilome, which is composed of a large number of plasmids, transposons and viruses.[4]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_genetic_elements
A transposable element (TE, transposon, or jumping gene) is a DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size.[1] Transposition often results in duplication of the same genetic material. Barbara McClintock's discovery of them earned her a Nobel Prize in 1983.[2]
Transposable elements make up a large fraction of the genome and are responsible for much of the mass of DNA in a eukaryotic cell. Although TEs are selfish genetic elements, many are important in genome function and evolution.[3] Transposons are also very useful to researchers as a means to alter DNA inside a living organism.
There are at least two classes of TEs: Class I TEs or retrotransposons generally function via reverse transcription, while Class II TEs or DNA transposons encode the protein transposase, which they require for insertion and excision, and some of these TEs also encode other proteins.[4]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transposable_element
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transposable_element
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_metapneumovirus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonally_transmissible_cancer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenylation
https://nikiyaantonbettey.blogspot.com/2021/09/09-05-2021-0207-chol-palm-black-blud-n.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein–Barr_virus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_multifocal_leukoencephalopathy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_metapneumovirus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_(genetics)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_genetic_elements
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transposable_element
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrachromosomal_DNA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagemid
above. psyclon nine scar of the deceiver
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