In chaos theory and fluid dynamics, chaotic mixing is a process by which flow tracers develop into complex fractals under the action of a fluid flow. The flow is characterized by an exponential growth of fluid filaments.[1][2] Even very simple flows, such as the blinking vortex, or finitely resolved wind fields can generate exceptionally complex patterns from initially simple tracer fields.[3]
The phenomenon is still not well understood and is the subject of much current research.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaotic_mixing
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