Methotrexate (MTX), formerly known as amethopterin, is a chemotherapy agent and immune-system suppressant.[4] It is used to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, and ectopic pregnancy and for medical abortions.[4] Types of cancers it is used for include breast cancer, leukemia, lung cancer, lymphoma, gestational trophoblastic disease, and osteosarcoma.[4] Types of autoimmune diseases it is used for include psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease.[4] It can be given by mouth or by injection.[4]
Common side effects include nausea, feeling tired, fever, increased risk of infection, low white blood cell counts, and breakdown of the skin inside the mouth.[4] Other side effects may include liver disease, lung disease, lymphoma, and severe skin rashes.[4] People on long-term treatment should be regularly checked for side effects.[4] It is not safe during breastfeeding.[4] In those with kidney problems, lower doses may be needed.[4] It acts by blocking the body's use of folic acid.[4]
Methotrexate was first made in 1947 and initially was used to treat cancer, as it was less toxic than the then current treatments.[7] In 1956 it provided the first cures of a metastatic cancer.[8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.[9] Methotrexate is available as a generic medication.[4] In 2018, it was the 123rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 5 million prescriptions.[10][11]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methotrexate
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