Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is the name given to a common and aberrant immune response to infection with feline coronavirus (FCoV).[2]
Later on: ataxia, muscle weakness, dysphagia.
End phase: shortness of breath, urinary incontinence, paralysis.Usual onsetCan take up to a year for symptoms to appear after exposure to virusDuration1-month or less average life expectancy after diagnosis, especially in kittensCausesMutation of feline coronavirusPreventionKeeping cats indoor to prevent the spread of feline coronavirusTreatmentNone approved, some treatments show promise in early trials[1]PrognosisFatalFrequencyCommonThe virus is a mutation of feline enteric coronavirus (FECV).
The pathogenesis of FIP is complex. There is a general consensus that FIPVs arise from mutations enabling them to enter or replicate more successfully in monocytes (a type of white blood cell). However, many aspects of virus–host interactions affecting the disease remain uncertain, such as the factors that influence disease form (wet or dry), outcome (death or resistance), and host susceptibility.[4]
There are two main forms of FIP: effusive (wet) and non-effusive (dry). While both types are fatal, the effusive form is more common (60–70% of all cases) and progresses more rapidly than the non-effusive form.
Effusive (wet) FIP[edit]
The hallmark clinical sign of effusive FIP is the accumulation of fluid within the abdomen or chest, which can cause breathing difficulties. Other symptoms include lack of appetite, fever, weight loss, jaundice, and diarrhea.
Non-effusive (dry) FIP[edit]
Dry FIP will also present with lack of appetite, fever, jaundice, diarrhea, and weight loss, but there will not be an accumulation of fluid. Typically a cat with dry FIP will show ocular or neurologicalsigns. For example, the cat may develop difficulty in standing up or walking, becoming functionally paralyzed over time. Loss of vision is another possible outcome of the disease.
Because FIP is an immune-mediated disease, treatment falls into two categories: direct action against the virus itself and modulation of the immune response.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_infectious_peritonitis
An immune disorder is a dysfunction of the immune system. These disorders can be characterized in several different ways:
- By the component(s) of the immune system affected
- By whether the immune system is overactive or underactive
- By whether the condition is congenital or acquired
According to the International Union of Immunological Societies, more than 150 primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) have been characterized.[1] However, the number of acquired immunodeficiencies exceeds the number of PIDs.[2]
It has been suggested that most people have at least one primary immunodeficiency.[3] Due to redundancies in the immune system, though, many of these are never detected.
| Immune disorder | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Autoimmune disease |
| Specialty | Immunology |
List of some autoimmune disorders[edit]
- Lupus
- Scleroderma
- Certain types of hemolytic anemia
- Vasculitis
- Type 1 diabetes
- Graves' disease
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Multiple sclerosis (although it is thought to be an immune-mediated process)
- Goodpasture syndrome
- Pernicious anemia
- Some types of myopathy
- Lyme disease (Late)
Primary immune diseases are at risk to an increased susceptibility to, and often recurrent ear infections, pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis or skin infections. Immunodeficient patients may less frequently develop abscesses of their internal organs, autoimmune or rheumatologic and gastrointestinal problems.[6]
- Primary immune deficiencies
- Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
- DiGeorge syndrome
- Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (also known as Job's Syndrome)
- Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID): B-cell levels are normal in circulation but with decreased production of IgG throughout the years, so it is the only primary immune disorder that presents onset in the late teens years.
- Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD): a deficiency in NADPH oxidase enzyme, which causes failure to generate oxygen radicals. Classical recurrent infection from catalase positive bacteria and fungi.
- Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS)
- Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS)
- Hyper IgM syndrome: X-linked disorder that causes a deficiency in the production of CD40 ligand on activated T-cells. This increases the production and release of IgM into circulation. The B-cell and T-cell numbers are within normal limits. Increased susceptibility to extracellular bacteria and opportunistic infections.
- Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)
- NF-κB Essential Modifier (NEMO) Mutations
- Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency: the most common defect of the humoral immunity, characterized by a deficiency of IgA. Produces repeating sino-pulmonary and gastrointestinal infections.
- X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA; also known as Bruton type agammaglobulinemia): characterized by a deficiency in tyrosine kinase enzyme that blocks B-cell maturation in the bone marrow. No B-cells are produced to circulation and thus, there are no immunoglobulin classes, although there tends to be a normal cell-mediated immunity.
- X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP)
- Ataxia–telangiectasia
- Secondary immune deficiencies
Allergies[edit]
An allergy is an abnormal immune reaction to a harmless antigen.
- Seasonal allergy
- Mastocytosis
- Perennial allergy
- Anaphylaxis
- Food allergy
- Allergic rhinitis[7]
- Atopic dermatitis
See also[edit]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_disorder
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