The total energy of a system can be subdivided and classified into potential energy, kinetic energy, or combinations of the two in various ways. Kinetic energy is determined by the movement of an object – or the composite motion of the components of an object – and potential energy reflects the potential of an object to have motion, and generally is a function of the position of an object within a field or may be stored in the field itself.
While these two categories are sufficient to describe all forms of energy, it is often convenient to refer to particular combinations of potential and kinetic energy as its own form. For example, macroscopic mechanical energy is the sum of translational and rotational kinetic and potential energy in a system neglects the kinetic energy due to temperature, and nuclear energy which combines potentials from the nuclear force and the weak force), among others.[citation needed]
Type of energy | Description |
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Mechanical | the sum of macroscopic translational and rotational kinetic and potential energies |
Electric | potential energy due to or stored in electric fields |
Magnetic | potential energy due to or stored in magnetic fields |
Gravitational | potential energy due to or stored in gravitational fields |
Chemical | potential energy due to chemical bonds |
Ionization | potential energy that binds an electron to its atom or molecule |
Nuclear | potential energy that binds nucleons to form the atomic nucleus (and nuclear reactions) |
Chromodynamic | potential energy that binds quarks to form hadrons |
Elastic | potential energy due to the deformation of a material (or its container) exhibiting a restorative force as it returns to its original shape |
Mechanical wave | kinetic and potential energy in an elastic material due to a propagated deformational wave |
Sound wave | kinetic and potential energy in a fluid due to a sound propagated wave (a particular form of mechanical wave) |
Radiant | potential energy stored in the fields of propagated by electromagnetic radiation, including light |
Rest | potential energy due to an object's rest mass |
Thermal | kinetic energy of the microscopic motion of particles, a form of disordered equivalent of mechanical energy |
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