09-28-2021-1750 - Cellulose

Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C6H10O5)n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.^[3][4] Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae and the oomycetes. Some species of bacteria secrete it to form biofilms.^[5] Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth.^[6] The cellulose content of cotton fiber is 90%, that of wood is 40–50%, and that of dried hemp is approximately 57%.^[7][8][9]

Cellulose is mainly used to produce paperboard and paper. Smaller quantities are converted into a wide variety of derivative products such as cellophane and rayon. Conversion of cellulose from energy cropsinto biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol is under development as a renewable fuel source. Cellulose for industrial use is mainly obtained from wood pulp and cotton.^[6]

Some animals, particularly ruminants and termites, can digest cellulose with the help of symbiotic micro-organisms that live in their guts, such as Trichonympha. In human nutrition, cellulose is a non-digestible constituent of insoluble dietary fiber...

Identifiers

CAS Number

• 9004-34-6 ChEMBL
  • ChEMBL2109009 ChemSpider
    • None
    ECHA InfoCard100.029.692 EC Number
    • 232-674-9
    E numberE460 (thickeners, ...)
    PubChem CID
    • 14055602
    UNII
    • SMD1X3XO9M 
      CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
      • DTXSID3050492 
      Properties
      Chemical formula
      (C
      6H
      10O
      5)
      nMolar mass162.1406 g/mol per glucose unit Appearancewhite powderDensity1.5 g/cm³Melting point260–270 °C; 500–518 °F; 533–543 K Decomposes^[2]
      Solubility in water
      noneThermochemistry
      Std enthalpy of
      formation(Δ_fH^⦵₂₉₈)
      −963,000 kJ/mol^{[clarification needed]}
      Std enthalpy of
      combustion(Δ_cH^⦵₂₉₈)
      −2828,000 kJ/mol^{[clarification needed]}HazardsNFPA 704(fire diamond)
      

      1

      1

      0
      NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
      PEL(Permissible)
      TWA 15 mg/m³ (total) TWA 5 mg/m³ (resp)^[2]
      REL(Recommended)
      TWA 10 mg/m³ (total) TWA 5 mg/m³ (resp)^[2]
      IDLH (Immediate danger)
      N.D.^[2]Related compounds
      Related compounds
      Starch
      Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose