Electron-beam welding (EBW) is a fusion welding process in which a beam of high-velocity electrons is applied to two materials to be joined. The workpieces melt and flow together as the kinetic energy of the electrons is transformed into heat upon impact. EBW is often performed under vacuumconditions to prevent dissipation of the electron beam.
- Electrons are elementary particles possessing a mass m = 9.1 · 10−31 kg and a negative electrical charge e = 1.6 · 10−19 C. They exist either bound to an atomic nucleus, as conduction electrons in the atomic lattice of metals, or as free electrons in vacuum.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron-beam_welding
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_furnace
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_thermodynamics
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_welding
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics#Magnetic_striping
- An amorphous metal transformer (AMT) is a type of energy efficient transformer found on electric grids.[1] The magnetic core of this transformer is made with a ferromagnetic amorphous metal. The typical material (Metglas) is an alloy of iron with boron, silicon, and phosphorus in the form of thin (e.g. 25 µm) foils rapidly cooled from melt. These materials have high magnetic susceptibility, very low coercivity and high electrical resistance. The high resistance and thin foils lead to low losses by eddy currents when subjected to alternating magnetic fields. On the downside amorphous alloys have a lower saturation induction and often a higher magnetostriction compared to conventional crystalline iron-silicon electrical steel.[2]
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_metal_transformer
- Seen in some magnetic materials, saturation is the state reached when an increase in applied external magnetic field H cannot increase the magnetization of the material further, so the total magnetic flux density Bmore or less levels off. (Though, magnetization continues to increase very slowly with the field due to paramagnetism.) Saturation is a characteristic of ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials, such as iron, nickel, cobalt and their alloys. Different ferromagnetic materials have different saturation levels.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_(magnetic)
- A saturable reactor in electrical engineering is a special form of inductor where the magnetic core can be deliberately saturated by a direct electric current in a control winding. Once saturated, the inductance of the saturable reactor drops dramatically.[1] This decreases inductive reactance and allows increased flow of the alternating current (AC).
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturable_reactor
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