Iron oxide nanoparticles are iron oxide particles with diameters between about 1 and 100 nanometers. The two main forms are magnetite (Fe3O4) and its oxidized form maghemite (γ-Fe2O3). They have attracted extensive interest due to their superparamagnetic properties and their potential applications in many fields (although Co and Ni are also highly magnetic materials, they are toxic and easily oxidized).
Applications of iron oxide nanoparticles include terabit magnetic storage devices, catalysis, sensors, superparamagnetic relaxometry, high-sensitivity biomolecular magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic particle imaging, magnetic fluid hyperthermia, separation of biomolecules, and targeted drug and gene delivery for medical diagnosis and therapeutics. These applications require coating of the nanoparticles by agents such as long-chain fatty acids, alkyl-substituted amines, and diols.[citation needed] They have been used in formulations for supplementation.[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_oxide_nanoparticle
Magnetic nanoparticles are a class of nanoparticle that can be manipulated using magnetic fields. Such particles commonly consist of two components, a magnetic material, often iron, nickel and cobalt, and a chemical component that has functionality. While nanoparticles are smaller than 1 micrometer in diameter (typically 1–100 nanometers), the larger microbeads are 0.5–500 micrometer in diameter. Magnetic nanoparticle clusters that are composed of a number of individual magnetic nanoparticles are known as magnetic nanobeads with a diameter of 50–200 nanometers.[1][2]Magnetic nanoparticle clusters are a basis for their further magnetic assembly into magnetic nanochains.[3] The magnetic nanoparticles have been the focus of much research recently because they possess attractive properties which could see potential use in catalysis including nanomaterial-based catalysts,[4] biomedicine[5] and tissue specific targeting,[6] magnetically tunable colloidal photonic crystals,[7] microfluidics,[8] magnetic resonance imaging,[9] magnetic particle imaging,[10] data storage,[11][12] environmental remediation,[13] nanofluids,[14][15] optical filters,[16] defect sensor,[17]magnetic cooling[18][19] and cation sensors.[20]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_nanoparticles
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