| Market Gate of Miletus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Material | Marble |
| Created | 2nd century AD |
| Period/culture | Roman |
| Place | Miletus |
| Present location | Pergamon Museum, Berlin |
| Registration | ? |
The Market Gate of Miletus (German: das Markttor von Milet) is a large marble monument in the Pergamon Museum in Berlin, Germany. It was built in Miletus in the 2nd century AD and destroyed in an earthquake in the 10th or 11th century. In the early 1900s, it was excavated by a German archeological team, rebuilt, and placed on display in the museum in Berlin. Only fragments had survived and reconstruction involved significant new material, a practice which generated criticism of the museum. The gate was damaged in World War II and underwent restoration in the 1950s. Further restoration work took place in the first decade of the 21st century.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_Gate_of_Miletus
Makrana marble is a type of white marble, popular for use in sculpture and building decor. It is mined in the town of Makrana in Rajasthan, India, and was used in the construction of several iconic monuments such as the Taj Mahal in Agra and the Victoria Memorial in Kolkata. The Makrana Marble is listed as a Global Heritage Stone Resource by International Union of Geological Sciences[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makrana_marble
| Siena Cathedral | |
|---|---|
| Metropolitan Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption | |
| Duomo di Siena (Italian) | |
| |
 Siena Cathedral | |
 |
| 43.3177°N 11.3290°E | |
| Location | Siena, Tuscany |
|---|---|
| Country | Italy |
| Denomination | Catholic |
| Tradition | Roman Rite |
| Website | operaduomo.siena.it |
| History | |
| Status | Cathedral |
| Consecrated | 1215 |
| Architecture | |
| Architect(s) | |
| Architectural type | Church |
| Style | Italian Gothic, Romanesque, Classical |
| Groundbreaking | 1196 |
| Completed | 1348 |
| Specifications | |
| Length | 89.4 metres (293 ft) |
| Height | 77 metres (253 ft) |
| Administration | |
| Archdiocese | Archdiocese of Siena-Colle di Val d'Elsa-Montalcino |
| Clergy | |
| Archbishop | Antonio Buoncristiani |
| Provost | Roberto Pialli |
| Archdeacon | Giovanni Soldani |
| Official name | Historic Centre of Siena |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | i, ii, iv |
| Designated | 1995 (19th session) |
| Reference no. | 717 |
| Region | Europe and North America |
Siena Cathedral (Italian: Duomo di Siena) is a medieval church in Siena, Italy, dedicated from its earliest days as a Roman Catholic Marian church, and now dedicated to the Assumption of Mary.
It was the episcopal seat of the Diocese of Siena, and from the 15th century that of the Archdiocese of Siena. It is now the seat of the Archdiocese of Siena-Colle di Val d'Elsa-Montalcino.
The cathedral was designed and completed between 1215 and 1263 on the site of an earlier structure. It has the form of a Latin cross with a slightly projecting transept, a dome and a bell tower. The dome rises from a hexagonal base with supporting columns. The dome was completed in 1264. The lantern atop the dome was added by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. The bell tower has six bells, where the oldest one was cast in 1149. The nave is separated from the two aisles by semicircular arches. The exterior and interior are constructed of white and greenish-black marble in alternating stripes, with the addition of red marble on the façade. Black and white are the symbolic colors of Siena, etiologically linked to black and white horses of the legendary city's founders, Senius and Aschius. There are thirty-five statues of prophets and patriarchs grouped around the virgin. The finest Italian artists of that era completed works in the cathedral. These artists were Nicola and Giovanni Pisano, Donatello, Pinturicchio, Lorenzo Ghiberti, and Bernini.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siena_Cathedral
| Tomb of the Unknown Soldier | |
|---|---|
| United States | |
 | |
| For deceased U.S. service members whose remains have not been identified | |
| Unveiled | 11 November 1921 |
| Location | 38°52′35″N 77°04′20″W |
HERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD | |
The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is a historic monument dedicated to deceased U.S. service members whose remains have not been identified. It is located in Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia, United States. The World War I "Unknown" is a recipient of the Medal of Honor, the Victoria Cross, and several other foreign nations' highest service awards. The U.S. Unknowns who were interred are also recipients of the Medal of Honor, presented by U.S. presidents who presided over their funerals.[1][2] The monument has no officially designated name.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(Arlington)
Carrara marble, Luna marble to the Romans, is a type of white or blue-grey marble popular for use in sculpture and building decor. It has been quarried since Roman times in the mountains just outside the city of Carrara in the province of Massa and Carrara in the Lunigiana, the northernmost tip of modern-day Tuscany, Italy.
More marble has been extracted from the over 650 quarry sites near Carrara than from any other place. The pure white statuario grade was used for monumental sculpture, as "it has a high tensile strength, can take a high gloss polish and holds very fine detail".[1] By the late 20th century this had now run out, and the considerable ongoing production is of stone with a greyish tint, or streaks of black or grey on white. This is still attractive as an architectural facing, or for tiles.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrara_marble
| Palazzo Venezia | |
|---|---|
_-_Exterior.jpg) Palazzo Venezia | |
 |
Click on the map to see marker | |
| General information | |
|---|---|
| Location | north of the Capitoline Hill, Rome, Italy |
| Coordinates | 41°53′46″N 12°28′53″E |
The Palazzo Venezia or Palazzo Barbo (Italian: [paˈlattso veˈnɛttsja]), formerly Palace of St. Mark, is a palazzo (palace) in central Rome, Italy, just north of the Capitoline Hill. The original structure of this great architectural complex consisted of a modest medieval house intended as the residence of the cardinals appointed to the church of San Marco. In 1469 it became a residential papal palace, having undergone a massive extension, and in 1564, Pope Pius IV, to win the sympathies of the Republic of Venice, gave the mansion to the Venetian embassy to Rome on the terms that part of the building would be kept as a residence for the cardinals, the Apartment Cibo, and that the republic would provide for the building's maintenance and future restoration. The palace faces Piazza Venezia and Via del Plebiscito. It currently houses the National Museum of the Palazzo Venezia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo_Venezia
| Peace Monument | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Artist | Franklin Simmons |
| Year | 1877 |
| Type | Carrara Ravaccione marble |
| Dimensions | 12 m × 3.0 m × 3.0 m (40 ft × 10 ft × 10 ft) |
| Location | Washington, D.C., United States |
| Owner | Architect of the Capitol |
Peace Monument | |
  | |
| Location | Washington, D.C. |
| Coordinates | 38°53′26.28″N 77°0′44.39″W |
| Part of | Civil War Monuments in Washington, DC. |
| NRHP reference No. | 78000257[1] |
| Added to NRHP | September 20, 1978[2] |
The Peace Monument, also known as the Naval Monument or Civil War Sailors Monument, stands on the grounds of the United States Capitol in Peace Circle at First Street, N.W., and Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C. The 44 foot (13.4 m) high white marble memorial was erected from 1877 to 1878 in commemoration of the naval deaths at sea during the American Civil War. Today it stands as part of a three-part sculptural group including the James A. Garfield Monument and the Ulysses S. Grant Memorial.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Monument
 Façade of the Victoria Memorial | |
 |
| Established | 1921 |
|---|---|
| Location | 1, Queens Way, Maidan, Kolkata, West Bengal |
| Type | Museum |
| Collection size | 50,000 |
| Visitors | 5 million annually |
| Founder | Lord Curzon |
| Curator | Samarendra Kumar |
| Architect | William Emerson, Vincent Esch |
| Owner | Government of India |
| Website | victoriamemorial-cal.org |
The Victoria Memorial is a large marble building on the Maidan in Central Kolkata, having its entrance on the Queen's Way. It was built between 1906 and 1921 by the British government. It is dedicated to the memory of Queen Victoria, Empress of India from 1876 to 1901. It is the largest monument to a monarch anywhere in the world, it stands in 64 acres of gardens and is now a museum under the control of the Ministry of Culture.[1] Possessing prominent features of the British architecture of the colonial era, it has evolved into one of the most popular places in the city.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Memorial,_Kolkata
Lincoln Memorial | |
 Aerial view of the Lincoln Memorial in May 2010 | |
 | |
| Location | National Mall, Washington, D.C., U.S. |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 38°53′21.4″N 77°3′0.5″W |
| Area | 27,336 square feet (2,539.6 m2) |
| Built | 1914–1922 |
| Architect | Henry Bacon (architect) Daniel Chester French (sculptor) |
| Architectural style | Greek Revival[1] |
| Visitation | 7,808,182 (2019)[2] |
| Website | Lincoln Memorial |
| NRHP reference No. | 66000030[1] |
| Added to NRHP | October 15, 1966 |
The Lincoln Memorial is a U.S. national memorial that honors the 16th president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. Built in the form of a neoclassical temple, it is at the western end of the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Henry Bacon is the memorial's architect. The designer of the large interior statue, Abraham Lincoln (1920), is Daniel Chester French. The statue was carved in marble by the Piccirilli brothers,[3] the painter of the interior murals was Jules Guerin, and the epitaph above the statue was written by Royal Cortissoz. Dedicated in May 1922, it is one of several memorials built to honor an American president. It has been a major tourist attraction since its opening, and over the years, has occasionally been used as a symbolic center focused on race relations and civil rights.
Doric style columns line the temple exterior, and the inscriptions inside include two well-known speeches by Lincoln, the Gettysburg Address and his second inaugural address. The memorial has been the site of many famous speeches, including Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech delivered on August 28, 1963, during the rally at the end of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.
Like other monuments on the National Mall – including the nearby Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Korean War Veterans Memorial, and World War II Memorial – the national memorial is administered by the National Park Service under its National Mall and Memorial Parks group. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since October 15, 1966, and was ranked seventh on the American Institute of Architects' 2007 list of America's Favorite Architecture. The memorial is open to the public 24 hours a day, and more than 7 million people visit it annually.[4]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial
The Soldiers' and Sailors' Memorial Monument is a monument located at 89th Street and Riverside Drive in Riverside Park in the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City. It commemorates Union Army soldiers and sailors who served in the American Civil War. It is an enlarged version of the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates in Athens, and was designed by the firm of Stoughton & Stoughton with Paul E. M. DuBoy. The monument was completed in 1902.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soldiers%27_and_Sailors%27_Monument_(Manhattan)
Ethnikis Antistaseos Square (Greek: Πλατεία Εθνικής Αντιστάσεως) is a central square in the city of Patras, Greece.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnikis_Antistaseos_Square_(Patras)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Village_Confederate_Monument
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Thumb
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_marble
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creole_marble
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Caves_National_Monument_and_Preserve
| Victor Emmanuel II National Monument | |
|---|---|
Monumento Nazionale a Vittorio Emanuele II | |
.jpg) View from Piazza Venezia | |
 |
Click on the map for a fullscreen view | |
| Alternative names | "Mole del Vittoriano" "Il Vittoriano" "Altare della Patria" |
|---|---|
| General information | |
| Type | National monument |
| Architectural style | Neoclassical with eclectic influences |
| Location | Rome, Italy |
| Address | Piazza Venezia |
| Coordinates | 41°53′41″N 12°28′59″E |
| Construction started | 1885 |
| Completed | 1935 |
| Inaugurated | 4 June 1911 |
| Owner | Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities |
| Height | 81 m (266 ft) |
| Dimensions | |
| Other dimensions | 135 m (443 ft) across x 130 m (427 ft) deep |
| Technical details | |
| Floor area | 717,000 m2 (7,717,724 sq ft) |
| Lifts/elevators | 1 |
| Grounds | 1.755 ha (4.34 acres) |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Giuseppe Sacconi[1] |
The Victor Emmanuel II National Monument (Italian: Monumento Nazionale a Vittorio Emanuele II), also known as Vittoriano or Altare della Patria ("Altar of the Fatherland"), is a large national monument built between 1885 and 1935 to honour Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of a unified Italy, in Rome, Italy.[2] It occupies a site between the Piazza Venezia and the Capitoline Hill. The monument was realized by Giuseppe Sacconi.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_Monument
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunswick_Monument
.jpg)
The Marble Arch is a 19th-century white marble-faced triumphal arch in London, England. The structure was designed by John Nash in 1827 as the state entrance to the cour d'honneur of Buckingham Palace; it stood near the site of what is today the three-bayed, central projection of the palace containing the well-known balcony.[1] In 1851, on the initiative of architect and urban planner Decimus Burton, a one-time pupil of John Nash, the arch was relocated to its current site, near the northeast corner of Hyde Park, so that expansion of Buckingham Palace could proceed.
The arch gives its name to the area surrounding it, particularly the southern portion of Edgware Road and also to the underground station. The arch is not part of the Royal Parks and is maintained by Westminster City Council.
Design and construction
Nash's three-arch design is based on that of the Arch of Constantine in Rome and the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel in Paris.[2][3] The triumphal arch is faced with Carrara marble with embellishments of marble extracted from quarries near Seravezza in Tuscany, Italy.
John Flaxman was chosen to make the commemorative sculpture. After his death in 1826, the commission was divided between Sir Richard Westmacott, Edward Hodges Baily and J. C. F. Rossi. In 1829, a bronze equestrian statue of George IV was commissioned from Sir Francis Chantrey, with the intention of placing it on top of the arch.[4]
Construction began in 1827, but was cut short in 1830, following the death of the spendthrift King George IV – the rising costs were unacceptable to the new king, William IV, who later tried to offload the uncompleted palace onto Parliament as a substitute for the recently destroyed Palace of Westminster.[5]
Work restarted in 1832, this time under the supervision of Edward Blore, who greatly reduced Nash's planned attic stage and omitted its sculpture, including the statue of George IV. The arch was completed in 1833.[1]
Some of the unused sculpture, including parts of Westmacott's frieze of Waterloo and the Nelson panels, were used at Buckingham Palace. His victory statues and Rossi's relief of Europe and Asia were used at the National Gallery. In 1843 the equestrian statue of George IV was installed on one of the pedestals in Trafalgar Square.[1]
The white marble soon lost its light colouring in the polluted London atmosphere. In 1847, Sharpe's London Magazine described it as "discoloured by smoke and damp, and in appearance resembling a huge sugar erection in a confectioner's shop window."[6]
The arch is 45 feet (14 m) high,[7] and measures 60 by 30 feet (18.3 by 9.1 m) east-west by north–south.[1]
Relocation
Buckingham Palace remained unoccupied, and for the most part unfinished, until it was hurriedly completed upon the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837. Within a few years, the palace was found to be too small for the large court and the Queen's expanding family. The solution was to enlarge the palace by enclosing the cour d'honneur with a new east range. This façade is today the principal front and public face of the palace and shields the inner façades containing friezes and marbles matching and complementing those of the arch.
When building work began in 1847, the arch was dismantled and rebuilt by Thomas Cubitt as a ceremonial entrance to the northeast corner of Hyde Park at Cumberland Gate.[8] The reconstruction was completed in March 1851.[1] A popular story says that the arch was moved because it was too narrow for the Queen's state coach to pass through, but, in fact, the Gold State Coach passed under it during Elizabeth II's coronation in 1953.[9]
Three small rooms inside the rebuilt arch were used as a police station from 1851 until at least 1968 (John Betjeman made a programme inside it in 1968 and referred to it as a fully functional police station).[10] It firstly housed the royal constables of the Park and later the Metropolitan Police. One policeman stationed there during the early 1860s was Samuel Parkes, who won the Victoria Cross in the Charge of the Light Brigade in 1854, during the Crimean War.
In 2005 it was speculated that the arch might be moved across the street to Hyde Park, or to a more accessible location than its position on what was then a large traffic island.[11]
Park Lane widening
.jpg)
Park Lane was widened as part of the Park Lane Improvement Scheme of the London County Council, and the Marble Arch became stranded on a traffic island. The scheme required an act of Parliament in 1958, and during the passage of the Park Lane Improvement Bill the possibility of providing an underpass instead of a roundabout was dismissed due to excessive cost and the need to demolish buildings on Edgware Road.[12] As part of the scheme, gardens were laid out around the arch on the traffic island.[13] The works took place between 1960 and 1964.[14]
Still Water, a large bronze sculpture of a horse's head by Nic Fiddian-Green, was unveiled on the same traffic island a short distance from the arch in 2011.
Marble Arch area
Having a tube station means that the arch gives rise to a colloquial, entirely modern London "area", with no parishes or established institutions bearing its name. This generally equates to parts in view of the arch of Mayfair, Marylebone and often all of St George's Fields, Marylebone (west of Edgware Road) all in the City of Westminster, London, W1H.
The eponymous London Underground station is Marble Arch on the Central line.
The area around the arch forms a major road junction connecting Oxford Street to the east, Park Lane (A4202) to the south, Bayswater Road (A402) to the west, and Edgware Road (A5) to the north-west. The short road directly to the north of the arch is also known as Marble Arch.
The former cinema Odeon Marble Arch was located directly adjacent to the junction. Before 1997 this had the largest cinema screen in London. The screen was originally over 75 feet (23 m) wide. The Odeon showcased 70 mm films in a large circle-and-stalls auditorium. It closed in 2016 and was demolished later that same year.
The arch also stands close to the former site of the Tyburn gallows (sometimes called "Tyburn Tree"), a place of public execution from 1388 until 1793.
In 2021 the Marble Arch Mound, a temporary viewing platform, was opened at the site.[15]
Image gallery
Detail from one of the gates
Detail from one of the gates
A carving on Marble Arch
A carving on Marble Arch
A carving on Marble Arch
Sculptures intended for the arch used elsewhere
Europe
Asia/India
Britannia, now Minerva, patroness of the arts
.jpg)
References
Citations
- Prynn, Jonathan (24 June 2021). "Marble Arch's £2m mound is mounting up for summer". www.standard.co.uk.
Sources
- Weinreb, Ben; Hibbert, Christopher; Keay, John; Keay, Julia (2008). The London Encyclopaedia (3rd ed.). Pan Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-405-04924-5.
External links
Media related to Marble Arch at Wikimedia Commons
- Cultural infrastructure completed in 1833
- Grade I listed buildings in the City of Westminster
- Grade I listed monuments and memorials
- John Nash buildings
- Monuments and memorials in London
- Regency London
- Relocated buildings and structures
- Road junctions in London
- Terminating vistas in the United Kingdom
- Triumphal arches in the United Kingdom
- Tourist attractions in London
- Tourist attractions in the City of Westminster
- Regency architecture in London
- 1833 establishments in England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marble_Arch
| Taj Mahal | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Location | Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahal
 Richmond, Virginia, theatre fire of 1811 | |
| Date | December 26, 1811 |
|---|---|
| Venue | Richmond Theatre |
| Location | Richmond, Virginia, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 37.538902°N 77.429876°W |
| Type | Fire |
| Deaths | 72 |
The Richmond Theatre fire occurred in Richmond, Virginia, United States, on Thursday, December 26, 1811. It devastated the Richmond Theatre, located on the north side of Broad Street between what is now Twelfth and College Streets. The fire killed 72 people, including Virginia's governor George William Smith, former U.S. senator Abraham B. Venable, and other government officials in what was the worst urban disaster in U.S. history at the time.[1] The Monumental Church was erected on the site as a memorial to the fire.[2]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_Theatre_fire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milliarium_Aureum#The_problem_of_the_marble_fragments_labeled_%22Milliarium_Aureum%22
The Thomas Paine Monument is a bronze sculpture located in New Rochelle, New York, dedicated to perpetuating the legacy of Founding Father Thomas Paine. The monument stands on North Avenue at the entrance to Paine Avenue, between the Thomas Paine National Historical Association to the north and the property of the Huguenot and Historical Association of New Rochelle to the south. This is the oldest extant memorial to Thomas Paine. The original monument erected in 1839 consisted of just a tapered marble pedestal and decorative cap. A bronze bust of Paine was later added in 1899.[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Paine_Monument
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voortrekker_Monument
Brno astronomical clock (Czech: Brněnský orloj) is a black stone monument in Brno, Czech Republic. It is situated at Náměstí Svobody, the main square in the Brno City Centre. The monument was proposed by Oldřich Rujbr and Petr Kameník. Every day at 11:00 it releases a glass marble, which the spectators can catch from one of four openings in the monument and they can take it with them as a souvenir. Although the monument is publicly known as an astronomical clock (orloj), it is only a clock. Construction of the clock took three years, at a cost of approximately 12 million CZK.[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brno_astronomical_clock
Marble House | |
 The western facade, facing Bellevue Avenue | |
 |
| Location | 596 Bellevue Avenue Newport, Rhode Island |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 41°27′43″N 71°18′20″W |
| Built | 1888–92 |
| Architect | Richard Morris Hunt |
| Architectural style | Beaux Arts |
| Part of | Bellevue Avenue Historic District (ID72000023) |
| NRHP reference No. | 71000025 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | September 10, 1971[2] |
| Designated NHL | February 17, 2006[1] |
| Designated NHLDCP | December 8, 1972 |
Marble House, a Gilded Age mansion located at 596 Bellevue Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island, was built from 1888 to 1892 as a summer cottage for Alva and William Kissam Vanderbilt and was designed by Richard Morris Hunt in the Beaux Arts style. It was unparalleled in opulence for an American house when it was completed in 1892.[1] Its temple-front portico resembles that of the White House.[3]
The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2006. It is now open to the public as a museum run by the Newport Preservation Society.
History
The mansion was built as a summer "cottage" between 1888 and 1892 for Alva and William Kissam Vanderbilt. It was a social landmark that helped spark the transformation of Newport from a relatively relaxed summer colony of wooden houses to its current image as a resort of opulent stone palaces. The fifty-room mansion required a staff of 36 servants, including butlers, maids, coachmen, and footmen.[4][5] The mansion cost $11 million (equivalent to $332 million in 2021); $660 million in Gold-dollar equivalence (1890 $20 Double Eagle gold coin) of which $7 million was spent on 500,000 cubic feet (14,000 m3) of marble.[3][5][6] Vanderbilt's older brother Cornelius Vanderbilt II subsequently built the largest of the Newport cottages, The Breakers, between 1893 and 1895.[7]
When Alva Vanderbilt divorced William in 1895, she already owned Marble House outright, having received it as her 39th birthday present.[8] Upon her remarriage in 1896 to Oliver Hazard Perry Belmont, she relocated down the street to Belmont's mansion, Belcourt. After his death, she reopened Marble House and added the Chinese Tea House on the seaside cliff, where she hosted rallies for women's suffrage.[3]
Alva Belmont closed the mansion permanently in 1919, when she relocated to France to be closer to her daughter, Consuelo Balsan. There she divided her time between a Paris townhouse, a villa on the Riviera, and the Château d'Augerville, which she restored.[8] She sold the house to Frederick H. Prince in 1932, less than a year before her death. For more than 30 years, the Prince family carefully occupied the house during Newport's summer season, taking special efforts to leave the vast majority of the interior intact as the Vanderbilts had originally intended. One notable event that occurred in the Marble House during the Prince family's residency was the famed Tiffany Ball in July 1957, sponsored by Tiffany & Company and held to benefit the relatively new Preservation Society of Newport County. Continuing late into the early morning hours, the ball welcomed internationally known guests including then Senator John F. Kennedy and his wife, Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy; Mr. and Mrs. E. Sheldon Whitehouse; the Astors; and Count Anthony and Countess Sylvia Szapary of the Vanderbilt family. During their summer occupancies, to help preserve the integrity of Marble House's famed interiors, the Princes primarily resided in smaller quarters in the building's third floor, which had formerly been used for servant housing during the Vanderbilts' time. In 1963, the Preservation Society of Newport County purchased the house from the Prince Trust, with funding provided by Harold Stirling Vanderbilt, the Vanderbilt couple's youngest son. Through the Prince Trust, the Prince family donated virtually all original furniture for the house directly to the Preservation Society.
The mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 10, 1971. The Department of the Interior designated it as a National Historic Landmark on February 17, 2006.[1] The Bellevue Avenue Historic District, which includes Marble House and many other historic Newport mansions, was added to the Register on December 8, 1972, and subsequently designated as a National Historic Landmark District on May 11, 1976.[2]
The mansion still stands in great visible condition and is used for many things such as guided and non-guided tours, as well as hosting various special events, parties, and weddings. The Marble House is one of the more popular tourist destinations in Newport, RI. In keeping with custom of the time, the Vanderbilts also commissioned a sizeable carriage house to be built for Marble House diagonally across Bellevue Avenue, on what is now known as Rovensky Avenue. The Carriage House abuts Rovensky Park, which is maintained by The Preservation Society of Newport County. The Carriage House property is currently privately owned and has been converted for residential use.
Design
Marble House, one of the earliest examples of Beaux-Arts architecture in the United States, is loosely inspired by the Petit Trianon at the Palace of Versailles.[1] Jules Allard and Sons of Paris, first hired by the Vanderbilts to design some of the interiors for their Petit Chateau on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, designed the French-inspired interiors of Marble House.[1] The grounds were designed by landscape architect Ernest W. Bowditch.[7]
The mansion is U-shaped and, while it appears to be two stories, it actually has four levels: the kitchen and other service areas are located in the basement; reception rooms are on the ground floor; bedrooms are on the second floor; and servant quarters are on the concealed third floor. Load-bearing walls are brick, with their exterior sides faced in white Westchester marble, which Hunt detailed in the manner of French neoclassical architecture of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.[5]
The facade of the mansion features bays that are defined by two story Corinthian pilasters. These frame arched windows on the ground floor and rectangular ones on the second on most of the facade. A curved marble carriage ramp, fronted by a semi-circular fountain with grotesque masks, spans the entire western facade. The masks serve as water spouts. The center of this facade, facing Bellevue Avenue, features a monumental tetrastyle Corinthian portico. The north and south facades match the western in basic design. The eastern facade, facing the Atlantic Ocean, is divided into a wing on each side. These wings semi-enclose a marble terrace and are surrounded by a marble balustrade on the ground floor level. The inset central portion of this facade differs from the others, with four bays of ground floor doors topped by second floor arched windows.[5]
The interior features a number of notable rooms. Entrance into the mansion is through one of two French Baroque-style doors, each weighing a ton and a half. Both are embellished by the monogram "WV" set into an oval medallion. They were made at the John Williams Bronze Foundry in New York.[5] The Stair Hall is a two-story room that features walls and a grand staircase of yellow Siena marble, with a wrought iron and gilt bronze staircase railing. The railing is based on models at Versailles. An 18th-century Venetian ceiling painting featuring gods and goddesses adorns the ceiling.[5]
Architect Richard Morris Hunt hired Giuseppe Moretti to produce the interior's marble friezes and statuary, including work on bas-reliefs of Hunt and Jules Hardouin Mansart, the master architect for Louis XIV during the construction of Palace of Versailles; and which stood side by side on the mezzanine level of the staircase. The Grand Salon, designed by Allard and Sons, served as a ballroom and reception room. Designed in the Louis XIV style, it features green silk cut velvet upholstery and draperies. The originals were made by Prelle. The walls are carved wood and gold gilt panels representing scenes from classical mythology, inspired by the panels and trophies adorning the Galerie d'Apollon at the Louvre. The ceiling features an 18th-century French painting in the manner of Pietro da Cortona depicting Minerva, with a surround adapted from the ceiling of the Queen's Bedroom at Versailles.[5]
The Gothic Room, in the Gothic Revival-style, was designed to display Alva Vanderbilt's collection of Medieval and Renaissance decorative objects. The stone fireplace in the room was copied by Allard and Sons from one in the Jacques Cœur House in Bourges. The furniture was by Gilbert Cuel.[5] The Library is in the Rococo-style. It served as both a morning room and library. The doors and bookcases, in carved walnut, were a collaboration between Allard and Cuel.[5] The Dining Room features pink Numidian marble and gilt bronze capitals and trophies. The fireplace is a replica of the one in the Salon d'Hercule at Versailles. The ceiling is decorated painted with a hunting and fishing motif, with an 18th-century French ceiling in the center.[5] Mrs. Vanderbilt's Bedroom, on the second floor, is in the Louis XIV style. The ceiling in this room is adorned with circular ceiling painting of Athena, painted circa 1721 by Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini. It was originally in the library of the Palazzo Pisani Moretta in Venice.[5]
Filming location
The interiors of the mansion have appeared in several films or television series. Scenes appearing in the 1972–73 television series, America, the 1974 film, The Great Gatsby, the 1995 miniseries The Buccaneers, the 1997 film Amistad, and the 2008 film 27 Dresses were shot here.[9] More recently, Victoria's Secret filmed one of their 2012 holiday commercials here.[10]
Gallery
A rendered section of the building drawn by Richard Morris Hunt
Marble House in 1895
Marble House in 1910
The building's front facade
Dining Room
Tea House
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See also
- List of Gilded Age mansions
- List of National Historic Landmarks in Rhode Island
- Beacon Towers, Long Island
- Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont House, Manhattan
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
- "Exclusive! Behind the Scenes Look at the Victoria's Secret 2012 Holiday Campaign". StyleList. AOL Corp. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
External links
- Official website of the Marble House
- Houses completed in 1892
- Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
- National Historic Landmarks in Rhode Island
- Richard Morris Hunt buildings
- Vanderbilt family residences
- Belmont family residences
- Museums in Newport, Rhode Island
- Historic house museums in Rhode Island
- Houses in Newport, Rhode Island
- Stone houses in the United States
- National Register of Historic Places in Newport, Rhode Island
- Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Rhode Island
- Beaux-Arts architecture in Rhode Island
- Gilded Age mansions
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marble_House
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk_Monument_(%C4%B0zmir)
| Jama Masjid | |
|---|---|
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| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Islam |
| Governing body | Government of India |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jama_Masjid,_Delhi
The Marble Arch, also Arch of the Philaeni (Italian: Arco dei Fileni), formerly known in Libya as El Gaus (i.e. "The Arch"), was a monument in Libya built during the days of Italian colonization. The arch marked the border between Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, and was located on the Via Balbia (actual Libyan Coastal Highway) near Ra's Lanuf.[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marble_Arch_(Libya)
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