All ATL cells contain integrated HTLV-1 provirus further supporting that causal role of the virus in the cause of the neoplasm.[4]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_T-cell_leukemia/lymphoma
interferon - prion, radioactive, waveform gen part/soln/cell/etc., etc.
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 or human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I), also called the adult T-cell lymphoma virus type 1, is a retrovirus of the human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) family that has been implicated in several kinds of diseases including very aggressive adult T-cell lymphoma (ATL), HTLV-I-associated myelopathy, uveitis, Strongyloides stercoralis hyper-infection and some other diseases. It is thought that about 1–5% of infected persons develop cancer as a result of the infection with HTLV-I over their lifetimes.[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_T-lymphotropic_virus_1
Strongyloides stercoralis is a human pathogenic parasitic roundworm causing the disease strongyloidiasis. Its common name in the US is threadworm. In the UK and Australia, however, the term threadworm can also refer to nematodes of the genus Enterobius, otherwise known as pinworms.[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strongyloides_stercoralis
To date, occurrence of autoinfection in humans with helminthic infections is recognized only in Strongyloides stercoralisand Capillaria philippinensis infections. In the case of Strongyloides, autoinfection may explain the possibility of persistent infections for many years in persons not having been in an endemic area and of hyperinfections in immunodepressed individuals.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strongyloides_stercoralis
Pterygodermatites is a genus of parasitic nematodes in the family Rictulariidae. Their life-cycle is complex.[2][3][4] Species include:
- Pterygodermatites baiomydis Lynggaard, García-Prieto, Guzmán-Cornejo & Osorio-Sarabia, 2014 [5]
- Pterygodermatites jagerskiöldi [6]
- Pterygodermatites kozeki [7]
- Pterygodermatites mexicana Caspeta-Mandujano et al., 2013 [8]
- Pterygodermatites nycticebi (Mönnig, 1920) [9]
- Pterygodermatites ondatrae [10]
- Pterygodermatites peromysci [11]
- Pterydodermatites quentini Diouf et al., 2013 [1]
Undescribed species have been recorded from the marsh rice rat in Florida[10] and from Oryzomys gorgasi in Venezuela.[12]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterygodermatites
A variety of parasites have been recorded from the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), a semiaquatic rodent found in the eastern and southern United States, north to New Jersey and Kansas and south to Florida and Texas, and in Tamaulipas, far northeastern Mexico.[1] Some of these parasites are endoparasites, internal parasites, while others are ectoparasites, external parasites.[2]
The lone star tick is one of the parasites that the marsh rice rat shares with other mammals.
dominated by trematodes (flukes), and those of the freshwater marsh by nematodes (roundworms).[3
Borrelia, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease, has been identified in some ticks that infect the marsh rice rat and it has been identified as a possible natural reservoir for Borrelia.[8]
Endoparasites were found in the gastric mucosa (which lines the stomach), the cavity of the stomach, the small intestine, the cecum, the large intestine, the pancreatic duct, the bile ducts, the mucus of the liver, the pulmonary arteries, the abdominal cavity, and the pleural cavity.[4] While the marsh rice rat harbors a number of host-specific species,[5]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parasites_of_the_marsh_rice_rat
Sucking lice (Anoplura) are a diverse group infecting placental mammals.[38] Species found on marsh rice rats include three of the common genus Hoplopleura[39] and Polyplax spinulosa, which more usually infects black and brown rats.[40] (hopulas)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parasites_of_the_marsh_rice_rat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parasites_of_the_marsh_rice_rat
Four tapeworms are known from the marsh rice rat, all in Florida, but three of those are usually found in other species and only rarely in the rice rat.[55]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parasites_of_the_marsh_rice_rat
In his 1988 study, Kinsella found an unprecedented 21 species of trematodes in Florida marsh rice rats. The intermediate hosts of these trematodes include a variety of invertebrates, fish, and amphibians, which are eaten by the marsh rice rat.[3] Trematodes were generally more common at the Cedar Key saltwater marsh than at the freshwater marsh in Paynes Prairie.[55]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parasites_of_the_marsh_rice_rat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parasites_of_the_marsh_rice_rat
Microphallus basodactylophallus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parasites_of_the_marsh_rice_rat
Pentastomida is an enigmatic group of parasites that may be related to maxillopod crustaceans.[94] One species, Porocephalus crotali, is known from the marsh rice rat.[95] It infects various mammals in the southeastern United States, which serve as intermediate hosts; snakes which eat those mammals are the definitive hosts.[96]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parasites_of_the_marsh_rice_rat
Apicomplexa is a major group of unicellular eukaryotes that encompasses several important parasites, including the malaria parasite Plasmodium.[99]Three species are known from the marsh rice rat,[95] all of which belong to the Eimerina clade.[100] Two are in the genus Eimeria, members of which cause the economically significant disease coccidiosis in poultry.[101] The third is a member of Isospora, which includes species that are pathogenic in humans and pigs.[102]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parasites_of_the_marsh_rice_rat
11.
- Because females of these three species cannot be distinguished, data were combined.
Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease of the intestinal tract of animals caused by coccidian protozoa. The disease spreads from one animal to another by contact with infected feces or ingestion of infected tissue. Diarrhea, which may become bloody in severe cases, is the primary symptom. Most animals infected with coccidia are asymptomatic, but young or immunocompromised animals may suffer severe symptoms and death.
While coccidia can infect a wide variety of animals, including humans, birds, and livestock, they are usually species-specific. One well-known exception is toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii.[1][2]
Humans may first encounter coccidia when they acquire a dog, cat or bird that is infected. Other than T. gondii, the infectious organisms are canine and feline-specific and are not contagious to humans, unlike the zoonotic diseases.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccidiosis
Plasmodium is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. The life cycles of Plasmodium species involve development in a blood-feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a vertebrate host during a blood meal. Parasites grow within a vertebrate body tissue (often the liver) before entering the bloodstream to infect red blood cells. The ensuing destruction of host red blood cells can result in disease, called malaria. During this infection, some parasites are picked up by a blood-feeding insect (mosquitoes in majority cases), continuing the life cycle.[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals.[4][5][2]Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches.[1] In severe cases, it can cause yellow skin, seizures, coma, or death.[1] Symptoms usually begin ten to fifteen days after being bitten by an infected mosquito.[2] If not properly treated, people may have recurrences of the disease months later.[2] In those who have recently survived an infection, reinfection usually causes milder symptoms.[1] This partial resistance disappears over months to years if the person has no continuing exposure to malaria.[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria
Drawings of a male philometridnematode - E and F represent the gubernaculum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernaculum_(nematode_anatomy)
The marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) is a semiaquatic North American rodent in the family Cricetidae. It usually occurs in wetland habitats, such as swamps and salt marshes. It is found mostly in the eastern and southern United States, from New Jersey and Kansas south to Florida and northeasternmost Tamaulipas, Mexico; its range previously extended further west and north, where it may have been a commensal in corn-cultivating communities. Weighing about 40 to 80 g (1.4 to 2.8 oz), the marsh rice rat is a medium-sized rodent that resembles the common black and brown rat. The upperparts are generally gray-brown, but are reddish in many Florida populations. The feet show several specializations for life in the water. The skull is large and flattened, and is short at the front.
1837
the silver rice rat (Oryzomys argentatus). Data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene indicate a deep divergence between populations east of Mississippi and those further west, which suggests that the western populations may be recognized as a separate species, Oryzomys texensis.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh_rice_rat
The marsh rice rat has a large, flattened skull[59] with a short and broad rostrum.[88]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh_rice_rat
The barn owl is an important predator of the marsh rice rat.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh_rice_rat
Digenea (Gr. Dis – double, Genos – race) is a class of trematodes in the Platyhelminthes phylum, consisting of parasitic flatworms (known as flukes) with a syncytial tegument and, usually, two suckers, one ventral and one oral. Adults commonly live within the digestive tract, but occur throughout the organ systems of all classes of vertebrates. Once thought to be related to the Monogenea, it is now recognised that they are closest to the Aspidogastrea and that the Monogenea are more closely allied with the Cestoda. Around 6,000 species have been described to date.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digenea
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strongyloides_stercoralis
Locating juvenile larvae, either rhabditiform or filariform, in recent stool samples will confirm the presence of this parasite.[19] Other techniques used include direct fecal smears, culturing fecal samples on agar plates, serodiagnosis through ELISA, and duodenal fumigation. Still, diagnosis can be difficult because of the day-to-day variation in juvenile parasite load.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strongyloides_stercoralis
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