hybrid of S. haematobium and S. bovis, a schistosome species that infects livestock
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/08/tropical-parasitic-disease-has-invaded-europe-thanks-hybrid-two-infectious-worms
Article
Open Access
Published: 29 July 2020
Metagenomics and microscope revealed T. trichiura and other intestinal parasites in a cesspit of an Italian nineteenth century aristocratic palace
Daniela Chessa,
Manuela Murgia,
Emanuela Sias,
Massimo Deligios,
Vittorio Mazzarello,
Maura Fiamma,
Daniela Rovina,
Gabriele Carenti,
Giulia Ganau,
Elisabetta Pintore,
Mauro Fiori,
Gemma L. Kay,
Alessandro Ponzeletti,
Piero Cappuccinelli,
David J. Kelvin,
John Wain &
Salvatore Rubino
Scientific Reports volume 10, Article number: 12656 (2020) Cite this article
This study evidenced the presence of parasites in a cesspit of an aristocratic palace of nineteenth century in Sardinia (Italy) by the use of classical paleoparasitological techniques coupled with next-generation sequencing. Parasite eggs identified by microscopy included helminth genera pathogenic for humans and animals: the whipworm Trichuris sp., the roundworm Ascaris sp., the flatworm Dicrocoelium sp. and the fish tapeworm Diphyllobothrium sp. In addition, 18S rRNA metabarcoding and metagenomic sequencing analysis allowed the first description in Sardinia of aDNA of the human specific T. trichiura species and Ascaris genus. Their presence is important for understanding the health conditions, hygiene habits, agricultural practices and the diet of the local inhabitants in the period under study.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-69497-8?proof=t
Parasite. 2018; 25: 41.
Published online 2018 Jul 30. doi: 10.1051/parasite/2018034
PMCID: PMC6065268
PMID: 30058531
Language: English | French
Lisa Guardone,1,a,* Andrea Armani,1,a Daniele Nucera,2 Francesco Costanzo,1 Simonetta Mattiucci,3,a,* and Fabrizio Bruschi4,a
A retrospective analysis on human anisakiasis in Italy since its first description in 1996 was performed by conducting a literature search. Inclusion criteria based on the presence of a larva and on parasite identification were applied. Epidemiological data and clinical features were analysed. Particular attention was paid to the source of infection. In total, 73 cases were included in the analysis, while 34 were excluded. Cases were reported from eight Italian regions, most frequently Abruzzo, Apulia and Latium. The parasite was detected by endoscopy (51.4%) or laparotomy (48.6%). The site of infection was intestinal (42.5%), gastric (43.8%), oesophageal (1.4%) or ectopic (12.3%). Most of the parasites (71.0%) were identified as Anisakis sp. or A. simplex (s.l.). However, when molecular methods were used (21 cases), A. pegreffii was always identified. In most of the patients (65.7%), the source of infection was raw or undercooked anchovies, followed by “anchovies or sardines” (15.1%), generic “raw seafood” (15.1%), and sardines (1.4%). In only 2 cases (2.7%), the source was not available. This is the first systematic analysis of Italian cases of anisakiasis. The main conclusions derived from the results are: i) attention should be given to the history, in particular when raw marinated anchovies, proven to be the main source of human anisakiasis in Italy, are consumed; ii) in order to assess correct epidemiological data, a confirmed and specific etiological identification should always be sought.
Keywords: Anisakis sp., Anisakis pegreffii, zoonosis, diagnosis, anchovies, seafood safety
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6065268/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8010209/
Grape phylloxera is an insect pest of commercial grapevines worldwide, originally native to eastern North America. Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch 1855) belong to the family Phylloxeridae, within the order Hemiptera, bugs); originally described in France as Phylloxera vastatrix; equated to the previously described Daktulosphaera vitifoliae, Phylloxera vitifoliae. The insect is commonly just called phylloxera(/fɪˈlɒksərə/; from Ancient Greek: φύλλον, leaf, and ξηρός, dry).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylloxera
Phylloxera: the parasite that changed wine forever
How the discovery of a tiny parasite, less than one millimetre long, changed the worldwide wine industry forever
https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/food-and-drink/phylloxera-the-parasite-that-changed-wine-forever-1.2042852
Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode - RKN), also known as the "southern root-nematode" or "cotton root-knot nematode" is a plant-parasitic roundworm in the family Heteroderidae. This nematode is one of the four most common species worldwide and has numerous hosts. It typically incites large, usually irregular galls on roots as a result of parasitism.
Meloidogyne incognita can move along shallower temperature gradients (0.001C/cm) than any other known organism,[1] an example of thermotaxis. The response is complicated and thought to allow the nematodes to move toward an appropriate level in soil,[2] while they search for chemical cues that can guide them to specific roots.[3][4][5]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloidogyne_incognita
Mesocriconema xenoplax is a species of plant parasitic nematodes. Nematodes of this particular species are collectively called ring nematodes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesocriconema_xenoplax
Criconemoides is an agriculturally-important genus that has undergone several name changes over the years. Fortunately, the species names have remained stable. A considerable amount of the earlier literature on nematodes in the genus Criconemoides (Family: Criconematidae) refers to them by generic names that have since been synonymized, particularly Criconemoides, Macroposthonia and Criconemella. Maggenti (personal communication) argued to suppress the generic name Criconemella and to resurrect Criconemoides. That resurrection was accepted by some authors (Al Banna and Gardner, 1993), but more recently Luc proposed the name Criconemoides, which has gained fairly wide acceptance (e.g. Pinkerton et al., 1999; Carneiro et al., 1998).
http://nemaplex.ucdavis.edu/Taxadata/G036.aspx
However, the most infamous poisoning by hemlock is attributed to the Greek philosopher Socrates, who chose a hemlock drink as his preferred means of death—most sources say that he drank it mixed with water or as a tea.
https://slate.com/technology/2014/08/poisonous-plants-socrates-drank-hemlock-tea-as-his-preferred-mode-of-execution.html
The Death of Socrates (French: La Mort de Socrate) is an oil on canvas painted by French painter Jacques-Louis David in 1787. The painting focuses on a classical subject like many of his works from that decade, in this case the story of the execution of Socrates as told by Plato in his Phaedo.[1][2] In this story, Socrates has been convicted of corrupting the youth of Athens and introducing strange gods, and has been sentenced to die by drinking poison hemlock. Socrates uses his death as a final lesson for his pupils rather than fleeing when the opportunity arises, and faces it calmly.[1] The Phaedo depicts the death of Socrates and is also Plato's fourth and last dialogue to detail the philosopher's final days, which is also detailed in Euthyphro, Apology, and Crito.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Death_of_Socrates
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