MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) is a positively charged organic molecule with the chemical formulaC12H12N+. It is a neurotoxin that acts by interfering with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria by inhibiting complex I, leading to the depletion of ATP and eventual cell death.[1]
MPP+ arises in the body as the toxic metabolite of the closely related compound MPTP. MPTP is converted in the brain into MPP+ by the enzyme MAO-B, ultimately causing parkinsonism in primates by killing certain dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. The ability for MPP+ to induce Parkinson's disease has made it an important compound in Parkinson's research since this property was discovered in 1983.[2][3]
The chloride salt of MPP+ found use in the 1970s as an herbicide under the trade name cyperquat.[3]Though no longer in use as an herbicide, cyperquat's closely related structural analog paraquat still finds widespread usage, raising some safety concerns.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPP%2B
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