Calcinosis cutis is a type of calcinosis wherein calcium deposits form in the skin. A variety of factors can result in this condition. The most common source is dystrophic calcification, which occurs in soft tissue as a response to injury. In addition, calcinosis is seen in Limited Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis, also known as CREST syndrome (the "C" in CREST). In dogs, calcinosis cutis is found in young, large breed dogs and is thought to occur after a traumatic injury.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcinosis_cutis
Dystrophic calcification (DC) is the calcification occurring in degenerated or necrotic tissue, as in hyalinizedscars, degenerated foci in leiomyomas, and caseous nodules. This occurs as a reaction to tissue damage,[1]including as a consequence of medical device implantation. Dystrophic calcification can occur even if the amount of calcium in the blood is not elevated (a systemic mineral imbalance would elevate calcium levels in the blood and all tissues) and cause metastatic calcification. Basophilic calcium salt deposits aggregate, first in the mitochondria, then progressively throughout the cell. These calcifications are an indication of previous microscopic cell injury, occurring in areas of cell necrosis when activated phosphatases bind calcium ions to phospholipids in the membrane.
Calcification in dead tissue[edit]
- Caseous necrosis in T.B. is most common site of dystrophic calcification.
- Liquefactive necrosis in chronic abscesses may get calcified.
- Fat necrosis following acute pancreatitis or traumatic fat necrosis in breasts results in deposition of calcium soaps.
- Infarcts may undergo D.C.
- Thrombi, especially in veins, may produce phlebolithis.
- Haematomas in the vicinity of bones may undergo D.C.
- Dead parasites like schistosoma eggs may calcify.
- Congenital toxoplasmosis, CMV or rubella may be seen on X-ray as calcifications in the brain.
Calcification in degenerated tissue[edit]
- Dense scars may undergo hyaline degeneration and calcification.
- Atheroma in aorta and coronaries frequently undergo calcification.[2][3]
- Cysts can show calcification.
- Calcinosis cutis is condition in which there are irregular nodular deposits of calcium salts in skin and subcutaneous tissue.
- Senile degenerative changes may be accompanied by calcification.
- The inherited disorder pseudoxanthoma elasticum may lead to angioid streaks with calcification of Bruch's membrane, the elastic tissue below the retinal ring.
See also[edit]
Calciphylaxis, also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) or “Grey Scale”, is a rare painful syndrome of calcification of the small blood vessels located within the fatty tissue and deeper layers of the skin, blood clots, and the death of skin cells due to too little blood flow.[1] It is seen mostly in people with end-stage kidney disease but can occur in the earlier stages of chronic kidney disease and rarely in people with normally functioning kidneys.[1] It results in chronic non-healing wounds and is usually fatal. Calciphylaxis is a rare but serious disease, believed to affect 1-4% of all dialysis patients.[2]
Calciphylaxis is one type of extraskeletal calcification. Similar extraskeletal calcifications are observed in some people with high levels of calcium in the blood, including people with milk-alkali syndrome, sarcoidosis, primary hyperparathyroidism, and hypervitaminosis D. Certain medications such as warfarin can also result in calciphylaxis in rare cases. The presence of calciphylaxis generally predicts a poor prognosis with a typical life expectancy of less than one year.[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciphylaxis
Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis, or Mönckeberg's sclerosis, is a form of arteriosclerosis or vessel hardening, where calcium deposits are found in the muscular middle layer of the walls of arteries (the tunica media).[1] It is an example of dystrophic calcification. This condition occurs as an age-related degenerative process. However, it can occur in pseudoxanthoma elasticum and idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy as a pathological condition, as well. Its clinical significance and cause are not well understood and its relationship to atherosclerosis and other forms of vascular calcification are the subject of disagreement.[2] Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis is named after Johann Georg Mönckeberg,[3][4] who first described it in 1903.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monckeberg%27s_arteriosclerosis
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