A spirochaete (/ˈspaɪroʊˌkiːt/)[1] or spirochete is a member of the phylum Spirochaetes (/-ˈkiːtiːz/),[2] which contains distinctive diderm (double-membrane) gram-negative bacteria, most of which have long, helically coiled (corkscrew-shaped or spiraled, hence the name) cells.[3] Spirochaetes are chemoheterotrophic in nature, with lengths between 3 and 500 μm and diameters around 0.09 to at least 3 μm.[4]
Spirochaetes are distinguished from other bacterial phyla by the location of their flagella, called endoflagella which are sometimes called axial filaments.[5] Endoflagella are anchored at each end (pole) of the bacterium within the periplasmic space(between the inner and outer membranes) where they project backwards to extend the length of the cell.[6] These cause a twisting motion which allows the spirochaete to move about. When reproducing, a spirochaete will undergo asexual transverse binary fission. Most spirochaetes are free-living and anaerobic, but there are numerous exceptions. Spirochaetes bacteria are diverse in their pathogenic capacity and the ecological niches that they inhabit, as well as molecular characteristics including guanine-cytosine content and genome size.[7][8]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirochaete
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