Borrelia is a genus of bacteria of the spirochete phylum.[1] It causes Lyme disease, also called Lyme borreliosis, a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted primarily by ticks and by lice, depending on the species of bacteria.[2] The genus is named after French biologist Amédée Borrel (1867–1936), who first documented the distinction between a species of Borrelia, B. anserina, and the other known type of spirochete at the time, Treponema pallidum.[3] This bacterium must be viewed using dark-field microscopy,[4] which make the cells appear white against a dark background. Borrelia species are grown in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium.[4] Of 52 known species of Borrelia, 20 are members of the Lyme disease group (with an additional 3 proposed),[5]29 belong to the relapsing fever group, and two are members of a genetically distinct third group typically found in reptiles.[3] The Lyme disease group has been proposed to be split based on genetic diversity and moved to their own genus, Borelliella,[6] but this change is not widely accepted.[3] This bacterium uses hard and soft ticks and lice as vectors.[7][8] Testing for the presence of the bacteria in a human includes two-tiered serological testing, including immunoassays and immunoblotting.[9]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia
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