This is a list of notable medical doctors in Nazi Germany.
When the Nazi government came to power it purged Germany of its 6,000 to 7,000 Jewish doctors.[1] Reportedly more than 7% of all German physicians became members of the Nazi party during World War II, a far higher percentage than the general population.[2] In 1942 more than 38,000 German doctors, half the total number of doctors, had joined the Nazi party.[3][4] While most of these doctors were physicians, some held doctorates (PhDs) in biology, anthropology, or related fields.
Doctors who were working for the state, and not for their patients, using a Mendelian type of logic chart, saw extermination of their patients as the correct solution to the problem of mental illness and the genetically defective.[5][6][7][8]
"The participation in the ‘betrayal of Hippocrates’ had a broad basis within the German medical profession. Without the doctors' active help, the Holocaust could not have happened." wrote E Ernst in the International Journal of Epidemiology.[9]
Psychiatrist Ernst Rüdin was the founder of the psychiatric genetics field and was also a founder of the German racial hygiene movement.[10]
Killing and experimentation[11] became medical procedures as they were performed by licensed doctors. A doctor was present at all the mass killings for legal reasons.[12] During the Doctors' trial, the defense argued that there was no international law to distinguish between legal and illegal human experimentation,[13] which led to the creation of the Nuremberg Code (1947).
After the war, the German Medical Association blamed Nazi atrocities on a small group of 350 criminal doctors.[14][15][16]
After Nazi Germany surrendered, some doctors attempted to change names to escape capture and trial, such as Werner Heyde[17] and Robert Ley,[18] Other doctors, such as Walter Schreiber, were covertly moved to the United States during "Operation Paperclip" in 1951.
The following are alphabetical lists of World War II physicians who were members of the Nazi Party. Some of those listed here were acquitted of the more serious charges, but were still found guilty for other crimes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nazi_doctors#Human_experimentation
The Final Solution (German: die Endlösung, pronounced [diː ˈʔɛntˌløːzʊŋ] (
listen)) or the Final Solution to the Jewish Question (German: Endlösung der Judenfrage, pronounced [ˈɛntˌløːzʊŋ deːɐ̯ ˈjuːdn̩ˌfʁaːɡə] (listen)) was a Nazi plan for the genocide of individuals they defined as Jews during World War II. The "Final Solution to the Jewish question" was the official code name for the murder of all Jews within reach, which was not restricted to the European continent.[1] This policy of deliberate and systematic genocide starting across German-occupied Europe was formulated in procedural and geopolitical terms by Nazi leadership in January 1942 at the Wannsee Conference held near Berlin,[2] and culminated in the Holocaust, which saw the murder of 90% of Polish Jews,[3] and two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe.[4]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final_Solution
The Swiss franc is the currency and legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It is also legal tender in the Italian exclave of Campione d'Italia which is surrounded by Swiss territory.[6] The Swiss National Bank (SNB) issues banknotes and the federal mint Swissmint issues coins.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_franc
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