05-15-2023-0604 - quantifier, measurement, generalized quantifier, linguistics, compositional semantics, set of sets, quantitation, empirical science, quantification, quantity, measuring instrument, physical quantity, object, nominal, value, real, goods or services, measurement, economics, etc. (draft)

Economics

Main article: Measurement in economics

The measures used in economics are physical measures, nominal price value measures and real price measures. These measures differ from one another by the variables they measure and by the variables excluded from measurements. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement

In economics, nominal value is measured in terms of money, whereas real value is measured against goods or services. A real value is one which has been adjusted for inflation, enabling comparison of quantities as if the prices of goods had not changed on average; therefore, changes in real value exclude the effect of inflation. In contrast, a nominal value has not been adjusted for inflation, and so changes in nominal value reflect at least in part the effect of inflation but will not hold the same purchasing power.  

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_versus_nominal_value_(economics)

A measuring instrument is a device to measure a physical quantity. In the physical sciences, quality assurance, and engineering, measurement is the activity of obtaining and comparing physical quantities of real-world objects and events. Established standard objects and events are used as units, and the process of measurement gives a number relating the item under study and the referenced unit of measurement. Measuring instruments, and formal test methods which define the instrument's use, are the means by which these relations of numbers are obtained. All measuring instruments are subject to varying degrees of instrument error and measurement uncertainty. These instruments may range from simple objects such as rulers and stopwatches to electron microscopes and particle accelerators. Virtual instrumentation is widely used in the development of modern measuring instruments. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument

In mathematics and empirical science, quantification (or quantitation) is the act of counting and measuring that maps human sense observations and experiences into quantities. Quantification in this sense is fundamental to the scientific method.  

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantification_(science)

In formal semantics, a generalized quantifier (GQ) is an expression that denotes a set of sets. This is the standard semantics assigned to quantified noun phrases. For example, the generalized quantifier every boy denotes the set of sets of which every boy is a member:

$${\displaystyle \{X\mid \mathrm{\forall }x(x\text{ is a boy}\to x\in X)\}}$$

This treatment of quantifiers has been essential in achieving a compositional semantics for sentences containing quantifiers.^[1][2] 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_quantifier

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quantifier_(linguistics)&redirect=no

In logic, a quantifier is an operator that specifies how many individuals in the domain of discourse satisfy an open formula. For instance, the universal quantifier ${\displaystyle \mathrm{\forall }}$ in the first order formula ${\displaystyle \mathrm{\forall }xP(x)}$ expresses that everything in the domain satisfies the property denoted by ${\displaystyle P}$. On the other hand, the existential quantifier ${\displaystyle \mathrm{\exists }}$ in the formula ${\displaystyle \mathrm{\exists }xP(x)}$ expresses that there exists something in the domain which satisfies that property. A formula where a quantifier takes widest scope is called a quantified formula. A quantified formula must contain a bound variable and a subformula specifying a property of the referent of that variable.  

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantifier_(logic)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantifier

(Redirected from Quantifier (disambiguation))

Look up quantifier in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Quantifier may refer to:

• Quantifier (linguistics), an indicator of quantity
• Quantifier (logic)
• Quantification (science)

See also

• Quantification (disambiguation)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantifier

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